Sentences with phrase «synaptic connections in»

Hanson and Graham also agree that resiliency is something we can foster at any age because of neuroplasticity (the ability of the brain to form and reorganize its synaptic connections in response to learning or experience).

It is the changes in the synaptic connections in areas of the brain such as the cerebral cortex and hippocampus that is associated with the learning and retention of new information.

Bailey now uses imaging technology to observe the changes in the synaptic connections in single motor neurons, as they are subjected to physiological stimulation in a culture dish.

The synaptic connections in motor and sensory areas are firmly established and the process of elimination synapses (pruning) in these areas has begun.

Not exact matches

Still, researchers now have a far better understanding of the molecular pathways in the ear and how to regenerate hair cells and repair synaptic connections.

Secure attachments and synaptic connections that promote emotional bonding are created in the first three years of life.

Synaptic plasticity, the ability of neurons to alter the strength of their synaptic connections with activity and experience, is thought to play a critical role in memory Synaptic plasticity, the ability of neurons to alter the strength of their synaptic connections with activity and experience, is thought to play a critical role in memory synaptic connections with activity and experience, is thought to play a critical role in memory storage.

Maybe it did the opposite, telling neurons in the adult brain when to let those synaptic connections weaken — and, ultimately, be pruned away.

In a developing fetus, she surmised, those phone calls would reach groups of nerve cells in the LGN; as their synaptic connections with the retinal neurons strengthened, the LGN neurons would begin forming «area codes» of their owIn a developing fetus, she surmised, those phone calls would reach groups of nerve cells in the LGN; as their synaptic connections with the retinal neurons strengthened, the LGN neurons would begin forming «area codes» of their owin the LGN; as their synaptic connections with the retinal neurons strengthened, the LGN neurons would begin forming «area codes» of their own.

The central neuron is marked in white, and each colored square represents a neuron that has a direct synaptic connection to the central neuron.

At first Modha and his team hit a wall before they reached 40 percent of the number of neurons present in the mouse cerebral cortex: roughly 8 million neurons, with 6,300 synaptic connections apiece.

Li Li said: «For the first time, we have shown that visual learning can increase the density of nerve connections in this area of the brain and that an enriched environment, where bees are exposed to many colours without learning anything from them, can also affect the synaptic organisation in the brain.»

Bees with a greater density of nerve connections (known as synaptic complexes) in a specific part of their brains had better memories and learned faster than bees with fewer connections in these areas.

They used a somewhat bizarre technique in which two mice were sutured together in such as way that they shared a circulatory system (known as parabiosis), and found old mice joined to their youthful counterparts showed changes in gene activity in a brain region called the hippocampus as well as increased neural connections and enhanced «synaptic plasticity» — a mechanism believed to underlie learning and memory in which the strength of neural connections change in response to experience.

All these fast, slow and intermediate electrical impulses and synaptic connections happen continuously, with their pace peaking in the morning.

After all, each brain is unique, and each brain keeps changing in response to new experiences, forming new synaptic connections between neurons and even — contrary to received wisdom a decade ago — growing new neurons.

«Up - regulating MHCI is essential for the maternal immune response, but changing MHCI activity in the fetal brain when synaptic connections are being formed could potentially affect synapse density,» Boulanger said.

A form of learning in the marine mollusk Aplysia, long - term sensitization of the gill - and siphon - withdrawal reflex, results in the formation of new synaptic connections between the presynaptic siphon sensory neurons and their target cells.

It occurs when one neuron fires closely after another, which strengthens their synaptic connection and makes it slightly more likely the first will trigger the second in the future.

Moser demonstrated a number of changes in the strength of connections between nerve cells — a phenomenon called synaptic plasticity — in the hippocampus as rats stored information in their long - term memory.

Long - term memories likely form when selective alterations in synaptic connections occur within patterns of neurons called neuronal ensembles.

Learning more about how synapses change their connections could help scientists better understand neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism, since many of the genetic alterations linked to autism are found in genes that code for synaptic proteins.

The long - term facilitation of synaptic efficacy that is induced by serotonin in dissociated cell cultures of sensory and motor neurons of Aplysia is accompanied by the growth of new synaptic connections.

This news is highly significant because the focus is increasingly on repairing synaptic connections as a therapeutic strategy in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's.

A new in vitro model Scientists developed a new research tool for this study that enabled them to monitor the spread of Tau aggregates whilst changing the synaptic connections between brain cells.

In fact, it is generally accepted that a loss of synaptic connections leads to a loss in cognitive skillIn fact, it is generally accepted that a loss of synaptic connections leads to a loss in cognitive skillin cognitive skills.

Successful synaptic connections are vital in order to function properly.

After conducting studies in both humans and mice, the researchers said this new schizophrenia risk gene, called C4, appears to be involved in eliminating the connections between neurons — a process called «synaptic pruning,» which, in humans, happens naturally in the teen years.

The neurons in the cerebral cortex that transmit the information modify the synaptic connections that they have with the other neurons.

The neurons in the cerebral cortex responsible for ensuring the transmission of the relevant information, then modify the synaptic connections that they have with other neurons.

However, later in life, the truncated version of Shank3 interfered with synaptic functions and connections in the brain's cortex, where executive functions such as thought and planning occur.

NMDA receptors are known to be involved in weakening or strengthening synapses in neural connections, changes that are called synaptic plasticity, and in memory formation.

«After a year of sound deprivation, we observed dramatic changes in the inner ear — notably, a significant loss of the synaptic connections through which the sensory cells send their electrical signals to the brain,» Dr. Maison said.

Feng studies proteins that form the synaptic connections between neurons, and his original goal was simply to see whether defects in such proteins could cause abnormal behavior.

The finding, published online today in Science, adds to recent evidence that defects in the synaptic connections between neurons can contribute to autism and related conditions.

Building on their previous work that identified and activated memory cells, a group led by RIKEN Brain Science Institute and RIKEN - MIT Center Director Susumu Tonegawa has now shown that spines — small knobs on brain - cell dendrites through which synaptic connections are formed — are essential for memory retrieval in these AD mice.

Animal behaviour arises from computations in neuronal circuits, but our understanding of these computations has been frustrated by the lack of detailed synaptic connection maps, or connectomes.

When the researchers modeled the effects in mice, they found it strengthened the connections between neurons that make learning possible — what is known as synaptic plasticity — by increasing the action of a cell receptor critical to forming memories.

In research published in Nature Materials on 26 September [2016], Yang and his team mimicked a crucial underlying component of how synaptic connections get stronger or weaker: the flow of calciuIn research published in Nature Materials on 26 September [2016], Yang and his team mimicked a crucial underlying component of how synaptic connections get stronger or weaker: the flow of calciuin Nature Materials on 26 September [2016], Yang and his team mimicked a crucial underlying component of how synaptic connections get stronger or weaker: the flow of calcium.

Additionally, the complement system acts in brain development to refine synaptic connections by removing those that are weak or misdirected.

All human brains share basic anatomical circuits and synaptic interactions, but the precise pattern of connections and interactions are highly variable from person to person — and therein lies the source of the remarkable variation we see in human behavior — from the breathtaking dance of a ballerina, to the elegant craftsmanship of a master carpenter, to the shrewd judgment of an expert trader.

A microscope image shows the location in the brain of a mouse where nerve cells from the ear enter the brain and form cup - like synaptic connections with brain cells.

We also found that EphA4 is highly expressed in the adult brain, where it regulates synaptic connections.

Because subunit composition can influence the docking between hemichannels [14], it might be possible to pattern synaptic connections through selective expression of innexins, of which 25 exist in C. elegans (reviewed in [1]-RRB-.

To examine this hypothesis we will identify the molecular changes to astrocytes during the aging process and then determine how these changes in aging affect the synaptic connections between neurons.

These studies reveal for the first time specific functional connections between subsets of KCs and particular MBONs and establish the identity of synaptic microcircuits underlying transmission of homeostatic sleep signals in the MB.

The researchers have used these chips to create one of the most comprehensive brain simulations to date — a digital reconstruction of some 31,000 neurons, and 37 million synaptic connections, in a sand grain - sized chunk of the rat brain.

Under the old model of working memory, there would be detectable peaks in the synaptic connections that represented all three original images — since that would be the only way for the memories to exist — even if there was perhaps a slightly higher peak for the one that would have to be put to use first.

There are 100 billion neurons in the average human brain, and each makes 5,000 synaptic connections with other neurons.

Studies show that nitric oxide signaling and the blood flow increases it stimulates play a central role in nerve cell maintenance, growth and repair.,, Most pertinent to anyone looking to enhance their aptitude for learning, nitric oxide - induced blood flow also makes forming new memories physically possible as it plays a key role in what neurologists call long - term potentiation, a process required for assembling and reinforcing new synaptic connections throughout the entire cerebral cortex, striatum, and hippocampus.