Sentences with phrase «synaptic function»

«But now, even without damage, we've found them to respond to subtle changes in synaptic function.»

In summary, we believe that this is a groundbreaking study that opens new lines of inquiry which will increase understanding of the molecular details of synaptic function in health and disease.»

We also conduct electrophysiological, biochemical, imaging, antd behavioral studies with various knockout and transgenic mice to determine how precise genetic manipulations that either activate or abolish specific translational control mechanisms alter synaptic function and behavior.

These genes are believed to be essential for the normal function of nerve cells, and previous studies have linked these mutations to problems with synaptic function — how neurons communicate with each other.

In nerve cells, ribosomes are also found close to the synapses of the dendrites, thus enabling proteins that are required for synaptic function to be produced close to their sites of action.

Reduced levels of BDNF, the most important neurotrophic factor affecting synaptic function, have also been linked to Alzheimer's disease and cognitive impairment in humans.

Then, the research group examined the molecular mechanism behind the impaired synaptic functions and behaviors in ARHGAP33 KO mice and found that ARHGAP33 is localized to the Golgi apparatus to regulate intracellular protein trafficking of the Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptor, a neurotrophin receptor, to synaptic sites.

Other researchers have shown that caspase - 2 also contributes to the maintenance of normal synaptic functions.

Insulin controls synaptic function, and so imbalances in insulin may disrupt neurons and cause memory loss.

According to director William Mobley, the goal is to translate the science «all the way from looking at synaptic function to deciding how children can learn how to read more effectively.»

The research group showed that a molecule, ARHGAP33 regulates synaptic functions and behaviors via intracellular protein trafficking and that the lack of ARHGAP33 causes neuropsychiatric disorder - related impaired higher brain functions.

«If you inhibit [endocytosis in the nerve terminal], then the vesicle recycling becomes slower and the supply of the vesicles is inhibited,» OIST Professor Tomoyuki Takahashi from the Cellular and Molecular Synaptic Function Unit explains.

Closer inspection of neuronal activity did reveal that reducing BACE1 activity did not completely restore synaptic functions and the researchers do suggest that caution is still warranted as the enzyme does seem to be fundamental for optimal cognitive function.

This symposium will discuss new hypothesis and findings about synaptic functions and brain water balance.

Based on previous studies from our lab, we will use this information to address the interplay between synaptic function and axon maintenance.

We will examine whether astrocytes play a role in loss of synaptic function as well as identifying the astrocyte - derived molecules that may regulate this process.

Our main aim is to study synaptic function under physiological conditions and to investigate how the factors contributing to normal signalling are altered in disease, identifying new therapeutic strategies.

In low magnesium states, high levels of calcium and glutamate may deregulate synaptic function, resulting in depression [9].

Alpha - synuclein occurs naturally in the nervous system, where it plays an important role in synaptic function.

He also studies how dysregulated translational control contributes to altered synaptic function and aberrant behaviors in developmental brain disorders and neurodegenerative disease.

However, later in life, the truncated version of Shank3 interfered with synaptic functions and connections in the brain's cortex, where executive functions such as thought and planning occur.

This damages nerve cells by blocking their ability to make the proteins needed for synaptic function and leads to the death of neurons in the brain and spinal cord.

The lipid type, ceramide, also has a functional role in various signaling pathways and affects synaptic function, although its primary role is not in the synapse, but providing structure in cell membranes.

In ARHGAP33 KO mice, TrkB is not sufficiently transported to synaptic sites due to the lack of ARHGAP33, which eventually leads to impaired synaptic functions and behaviors.

A role of glutamine has been defined for normal synaptic function (J Neurochem 2008) as well as dendritic retrograde signaling (Cereb Cortex 2009c), and a potential target uncovered in Alzheimer's disease (Neurochem Res 2008).

He and his team have now gathered that data by exploring the impact of long - term BACE1 inhibition on dendritic spine dynamics, synaptic functions, and cognitive performance in adult mice.

However, Littleton and Cho demonstrated that acute changes in synaptic function could also lead to synaptic structural plasticity during development.

Moreover, this restoration also improved the model mice's synaptic function, diminished cognitive abnormalities, and normalized the structure of dendrites.

B) Synaptic function and plasticity.

The list in Appendix 1 suggested that some categories that we defined, particularly related to synaptic function, were not GO categories, so GSEA analysis, which allows the creation of additional categories, was employed.

Increasing evidence suggests that the synaptic functions of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), that is key to Alzheimer (AD) pathogenesis, may be carried out by its secreted ectodomain.

Four genes, all with synaptic function, have the most case - only variation: neuronal cadherin (CDH2), catenin alpha2 (CTNNA2), ataxin - 1 (ATXN1), and plasma glutamate carboxypeptidase (PGCP).

Homeostatic control of synaptic function has been demonstrated in diverse organisms, including flies, rodents, and humans, yet the genes and molecular mechanisms governing these processes remain unclear.

Abstract The formation, targeting, and maintenance of axon and dendrites are critical for proper brain development and synaptic function.

Synaptic functions will be investigated in physiological and pathological context, using patient's autoantibodies as research tools, by focusing on NMDA receptor and key partners, VEGFR2, EphB2, CRMP2 and CRMP5.

Haghighi studies synaptic growth, function and plasticity in both normal and diseased animals, aiming to identify the very earliest malfunctions in synaptic function.

Dr. Mentis» publication highlights the importance of the role of synaptic functions and neurocircuits in SMA.

We would like to understand and ultimately reverse the imbalances in synaptic function that may precede neurodegeneration by decades.»

[55] More recent work showed, that DBS upregulates genes involved in synaptic function, cell survival, and neurogenesis [56], making some first steps at explaining the restoration of hippocampal circuit function.

Over-expression of stargazin leads to increases of extra-synaptic AMPA receptors whilst over-expression of PSD95 leads to increased recruitment of synaptic receptors, but in neither case is synaptic function altered (Schnell et al 2002).

Dr. Klann's research is focused on the molecular mechanisms of translational control and their role in activity - dependent changes in synaptic function and behavior, including cognition.

We employ genetic tools in an attempt to understand the contribution of mGluR5 signaling in specific neuronal populations to sensory circuit formation, synaptic function / plasticity, and behavior.

Wei - Chi She, Charles Quairiaux, Michael J. Albright, Yu - Chi Wang, Denisse E. Sanchez, Poh - Shing Chang, Egbert Welker, Hui - Chen Lu (2009) «Roles of mGluR5 in synaptic function and plasticity of the mouse thalamocortical pathway», European J. Neuroscience, 29: 1379 — 1396 (EJN featured article).

Astrocytes can regulate neuronal synapses by secreting factors that affect both synapse formation and synaptic function.

Based on the strong evidence of a role for astrocytes in developmental synapse formation and function, we will test the following hypothesis: synaptic function and stability in the aging brain is impaired due to a decrease in astrocytic production of permissive synaptogenic factors and an increase in astrocytic production of factors that destabilize synapses.