Sentences with phrase «synaptic function as»
We will examine whether astrocytes play a role in loss of synaptic function as well as identifying the astrocyte - derived molecules that may regulate this process.
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Shatz hypothesized that MHCI molecules might function as a kind of «synaptic glue,» stabilizing contacts between neurons once appropriate connections had been established.
«This study provides the first synaptic mechanisms to explain the multiple functions of ACC neurons in pathological conditions such as chronic pain» says Dr. Zhuo.
In this publication, under the title of «Membrane - Derived Phospholipids Control Synaptic Neurotransmission and Plasticity», the Cadiz scientists have reflected the work of years that has led them to identify a molecule, Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), as a possible element implicated in the link between the metabolic state of an organism and its cerebral function.
The structure of synaptophysin suggests that the protein may function as a channel in the synaptic vesicle membrane, with the carboxyl terminus serving as a binding site for cellular factors.
However, later in life, the truncated version of Shank3 interfered with synaptic functions and connections in the brain's cortex, where executive functions such as thought and planning occur.
Closer inspection of neuronal activity did reveal that reducing BACE1 activity did not completely restore synaptic functions and the researchers do suggest that caution is still warranted as the enzyme does seem to be fundamental for optimal cognitive function.
Based on evidence from electrophysiological studies showing that both synaptic plasticity and strength of inputs to hippocampal region CA1 vary systematically with ongoing theta oscillations (Hyman et al., 2003; Brankack et al., 1993), it has been suggested that the theta rhythm functions to separate periods of encoding of current sensory stimuli and retrieval of episodic memory cued by current stimuli so as to avoid interference that would occur if encoding and retrieval were simultaneous.
Synaptic functions will be investigated in physiological and pathological context, using patient's autoantibodies as research tools, by focusing on NMDA receptor and key partners, VEGFR2, EphB2, CRMP2 and CRMP5.
A role of glutamine has been defined for normal synaptic function (J Neurochem 2008) as well as dendritic retrograde signaling (Cereb Cortex 2009c), and a potential target uncovered in Alzheimer's disease (Neurochem Res 2008).
Important aspects are how nerve endings provide glutamate for synaptic release and how they recover released glutamate for reuse, as well as how synapses provide energy for synaptic transmission and how astrocytes can modulate neuronal function.
For example, KBs were recently reported to act as neuroprotective agents by raising ATP levels and reducing the production of reactive oxygen species in neurological tissues, 80 together with increased mitochondrial biogenesis, which may help to enhance the regulation of synaptic function.80 Moreover, the increased synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids stimulated by a KD may have a role in the regulation of neuronal membrane excitability: it has been demonstrated, for example, that polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate the excitability of neurons by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels.81 Another possibility is that by reducing glucose metabolism, ketogenic diets may activate anticonvulsant mechanisms, as has been reported in a rat model.82 In addition, caloric restriction per se has been suggested to exert neuroprotective effects, including improved mitochondrial function, decreased oxidative stress and apoptosis, and inhibition of proinflammatory mediators, such as the cytokines tumour necrosis factor - α and interleukins.83 Although promising data have been collected (see below), at the present time the real clinical benefits of ketogenic diets in most neurological diseases remain largely speculative and uncertain, with the significant exception of its use in the treatment of convulsion diseases.
Taking a Synaptics - built fingerprint scanner and using the bottom of the AMOLED screen as a «beacon» of sorts, the home button functions as a swipe - based unlock and purchase mechanism.
Both hippocampal synaptic density and LTP as well as contextual fear conditioning and spatial learning vary as a function of maternal care in the rat [10], [15].