Sentences with phrase «synaptic processes»

Second, synaptic processes occur on a millisecond time scale.

Although protein phosphorylation is known to be important for many synaptic processes and in disease, little is known about global phosphorylation of synaptic proteins.

The neuronal cytoskeleton regulates the architecture and dynamics of synaptic processes by providing structural support and the tracks for motor protein - based synaptic transport.

Here the experience is not guided by anything objective: Unless the dreamer is a prophet, the dreaming happens «inside» his brain without correlating or shadowing anything external to his synaptic processes.

This unique window of opportunity with the synaptic process in the brain has been researched and given a name: it is called the process of memory reconsolidation.

Not exact matches

The synaptic connections in motor and sensory areas are firmly established and the process of elimination synapses (pruning) in these areas has begun.

The synaptic vesicle protein that mediates membrane fusion during exocytosis also regulates the rate and extent of this process by controlling vesicle tethering.

When new information needs processing, the nerve cells can develop new synaptic contacts with their neighbouring cells or strengthen existing synapses.

Using data gathered from the sessions, Grassi's team discovered increased synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, a region of the brain critical to memory processing and storage.

Each cell type is defined by its chemical constituents, neuronal morphology, synaptic architecture and input - output processing.

In this new dendritic learning process, there are a few adaptive parameters per neuron, in comparison to thousands of tiny and sensitive ones in the synaptic learning scenario,» said Prof. Kanter, whose research team includes Shira Sardi, Roni Vardi, Anton Sheinin, Amir Goldental and Herut Uzan.

A potential bridge is a process called long - term potentiation (LTP), a type of synaptic strengthening that has been scrutinized in slices of rodent hippocampus and is widely considered a likely physiological basis for memory.

A healthy optic nerve has axons transmitting information from the eye to the brain along the nerve after considerable information processing and synaptic transmission between various cell types within the retina.

For instance, every time we learn something, the new information is transformed into memory through synaptic plasticity, a process in which synapses are strengthened and become more responsive to different stimuli or environmental cues.

This opposing regulation of synaptic plasticity supports optimal information processing and storage and highlights the unique role this region plays in learning processes and memory formation.

In this sense, LPA could be a key mediator in these cases of modulation of synaptic activity in learning and memory processes, and this explains the relevance of the work we have carried out,» highlights the professor from the UCA.

The artificial synaptic TFT consisted of indium zinc oxide (IZO), as both a channel and a gate electrode, separated by a 550 - nanometre - thick film of nanogranular silicon dioxide electrolyte, which was fabricated using a process known as chemical vapour deposition.

«Our second surprising discovery is that this transport process is dependent on synaptic activity,» says Kiebler: The intron - containing mRNA is transported from one synapse to the next — but will only be released for translation in the vicinity of synapses that are momentarily active.

After conducting studies in both humans and mice, the researchers said this new schizophrenia risk gene, called C4, appears to be involved in eliminating the connections between neurons — a process called «synaptic pruning,» which, in humans, happens naturally in the teen years.

The correct positioning of the process of a postembryonic sensory neuron, the touch cell AVM of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, at its synaptic targets requires the presence of a pair of embryonic interneurons, the BDU cells.

Instead, the molecular processes triggered by memory formation and recall could reflect the stabilization of previously altered or recently retrieved synaptic connections.

«We don't have evidence that [such proteins are] driving the whole process but we think it's an early part, and if you knock it out or manipulate it, you could have the promise of an early impact and protecting at least the synaptic part of the story.»

Synapse elimination, or «synaptic pruning,» is a normal process that occurs during development — and one that Stevens has been fascinated by for years.

What develops the brain is stimulation — the process of synaptic architecture depends on stimuli — it strengthens the connections needed and prunes those not needed.

Instead, our brains are continually adapting through processes, such as synaptic modifications.

The basic process by which signals pass through the brain involves neurotransmitters, which are carried inside the synaptic vesicles, being passed across synapses — the junctions between neurons.

Dinu Florin Albeanu Neuronal circuits; sensory coding and synaptic plasticity; neuronal correlates of behavior; olfactory processing

The FlyEM reconstruction process handles large - scale volumes through a technique called focused proofreading, leveraging synaptic connectivity as a prior for semi-automated tracing while embracing crowd - sourcing.

Homeostatic control of synaptic function has been demonstrated in diverse organisms, including flies, rodents, and humans, yet the genes and molecular mechanisms governing these processes remain unclear.

Egr proteins play a role in the regulation of synaptic plasticity, learning and memory [76, 77] and Egr3 in particular is very important for the processing of both short term and long term hippocampal dependent memory [78].

27: Diepenbroek M, Casadei N, Esmer H, Saido TC, Takano J, Kahle PJ, Nixon RA, Rao MV, Melki R, Pieri L, Helling S, Marcus K, Krueger R, Masliah E, Riess O, Nuber S. Overexpression of the calpain - specific inhibitor calpastatin reduces human alpha - Synuclein processing, aggregation and synaptic impairment in [A30P] αSyn transgenic mice.

When ASD astrocytes (red) are cultured with ASD neurons (red) neuronal development is impaired; the neuron has a smaller cell body, extends less dendritic processes which are thick and stunted, and receives less synaptic connections.

During an action potential, calcium influx into the presynaptic terminal triggers the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane, leading to the release of transmitter through the process of exocytosis.

By the 1980s, it was well established that nerve cells communicate through the process of chemical synaptic transmission at specialized contacts called synapses.

The latter discovered significant alterations in synaptic structure and activity in excitatory neuronal networks of the hippocampus, a region of the brain that plays a major role in cognitive processes.

In the late 1990s, he and Reinhard Jahn, now at the Max Planck Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, determined the structures of some of the key proteins and complexes involved in the process of synaptic vesicle fusion.

AVs were uncommon in brains devoid of AD pathology but were abundant in AD brains particularly, within neuritic processes, including synaptic terminals.

The freezing process is far too slow to stop such dynamic processes as action potentials and synaptic transmission; short - term memory, however, is suspected to involve chemical modification of the neurons, and long - term memory is believed to involve the growth and modification of neuronal structures, particularly synapses (15).

That process, in turn, may generate «synaptic plasticity» allowing the junctions between nerve cells to strengthen and weaken more easily.

Competitive pathway analysis implicated the biological processes of neurogenesis and synaptic regulation, as well as the gene targets of two pharmacologic agents: cinnarizine, a T - type calcium channel blocker, and LY97241, a potassium channel inhibitor.

We will examine whether astrocytes play a role in loss of synaptic function as well as identifying the astrocyte - derived molecules that may regulate this process.

NR2B particles face astrocytic processes (ast) that contain synaptic - like microvesicles (SLMVs, arrowheads in inset) in close proximity.

To examine this hypothesis we will identify the molecular changes to astrocytes during the aging process and then determine how these changes in aging affect the synaptic connections between neurons.

In 2005, we demonstrated that astrocytes integrate and process synaptic information and confirmed that astrocytes modulate neuronal electrical activity through activation of NMDA receptors (Perea and Araque, J Neurosci, 2005).

Enhanced amyloidogenic processing of APP by the ß - site APP cleaving enzyme (BACE) and the γ - secretase complex and reduced clearance lead to increased intracellular levels of soluble oligomeric Aß, resulting in cellular dysfunction comprising e.g., synaptic failure, mitochondrial dysfunction, enhanced oxidative stress, neurotransmitter and neurotrophin depletion, inflammation, and apoptosis which is reflected in patients as clinical symptoms such as cognitive deficits [2, 3].

It is likely that a combination of several factors (e.g. age - related changes at the level of gene expression, infectious agents, toxic compounds, and head trauma) affects the neuronal milieu and initiates neuropathological processes leading to the formation of toxic tau and amyloid β species, reduction of synaptic plasticity, and neuronal loss resulting in development of sporadic AD.»

Studies show that nitric oxide signaling and the blood flow increases it stimulates play a central role in nerve cell maintenance, growth and repair.,, Most pertinent to anyone looking to enhance their aptitude for learning, nitric oxide - induced blood flow also makes forming new memories physically possible as it plays a key role in what neurologists call long - term potentiation, a process required for assembling and reinforcing new synaptic connections throughout the entire cerebral cortex, striatum, and hippocampus.

Most pertinent to anyone looking to enhance their aptitude for learning, nitric oxide - induced blood flow also makes forming new memories physically possible as it plays a key role in what neurologists call long - term potentiation, a process required for assembling and reinforcing new synaptic connections throughout the entire cerebral cortex, striatum

Depression is linked to a broad array of pathological processes, including inflammation of the peripheral nervous system structures, such as lymph nodes, as well as abnormalities in synaptic plasticity, which is the communication between nerve cells.

To achieve this, it is essential to understand the synaptic response that neuropedagogy provide for us, because the altruistic help actions to our neighbor activates the same biochemical processes of cerebral reward which release the inside genuine happiness neurotransmitters (such as dopamine, serotonin and acetylcholine).