Sentences with phrase «synaptic release»

The molecular mechanisms by which midbrain dopamine neurons acquire the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA for synaptic release are revealed.

The observations that astrocytes and even non-neural cells (J Cell Sci 2004, J Lipid Res 2007) store and can release neurotransmitter amino acids in a way resembling synaptic release, and that oligodendrocytes have NMDA type glutamate receptors (Nature 2005), together with findings that glutamate and other neuroactive substances can be co-released from nerve endings (Eur J Neurosci 2003, Molec Neurosci 2004, Cereb Cortex 2009a), including at the neuromuscular junction (Neuroscience 2007b), suggest novel ways of intercellular communication and potential drug targets.

Role of metabolic precursors of glutamate, including glutamine, for keeping up synaptic release.

Important aspects are how nerve endings provide glutamate for synaptic release and how they recover released glutamate for reuse, as well as how synapses provide energy for synaptic transmission and how astrocytes can modulate neuronal function.

Optogenetic inhibition of synaptic release with chromophore - assisted light inactivation (CALI).

«We looked at the effects of propofol — one of the most common general anaesthetic drugs used during surgery — on synaptic release,» the UQ Queensland Brain Institute scientist said.

Not exact matches

Slow - acting neurotransmitters control the efficacy of fast synaptic transmission by regulating the efficiency of neurotransmitter release from presynaptic terminals and by regulating the efficiency with which fast - acting neurotransmitters produce their effects on postsynaptic receptors.

Toxins that cleave three different subunits of the vesicular fusion machinery reveal the detailed kinetics of synaptic vesicle release.

Voltage-gated calcium channels can not form properly when cacophony is mutated, preventing fusion of the synaptic vesicle with the plasma membrane and neurotransmitter release.

This allows synaptic vesicles filled with neurotransmitter to fuse with the plasma membrane and release the neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.

«Our second surprising discovery is that this transport process is dependent on synaptic activity,» says Kiebler: The intron - containing mRNA is transported from one synapse to the next — but will only be released for translation in the vicinity of synapses that are momentarily active.

This regulation is spectacularly apparent in the exquisite speed and precision of synaptic exocytosis, where synaptotagmin (the calcium - ion sensor for fusion) cooperates with complexin (the clamp activator) to control the precisely timed release of neurotransmitters that initiates synaptic transmission and underlies brain function.

Synaptic transmission Electricity signals the release of neurotransmitters, which exit the axon in packets of about 5,000 molecules (lower right).

Synaptic vesicles are chock - full with neurotransmitters and release them by fusing with the presynaptic plasma membrane.

We now know that each quantum, consisting of a collection of around 5000 transmitter molecules, is contained in a little round organelle in the presynaptic terminal that Sanford Palay and George Palade had earlier discovered and called the «synaptic vesicl.e» Neurotransmitter is released from these synaptic vesicles to the outside of the neuron in response to the influx of Ca2 + into the presynaptic terminal.

«Full» vesicles move toward the membrane of the nerve terminal, represented by the overall outline of the figure, where they attach and fuse into the terminal membrane, thereby releasing the transmitter into the space between neurons, the synaptic cleft.

Beginning in 1988 Scheller, then at Stanford, succeeded in characterizing several key proteins necessary for synaptic vesicle fusion with the presynaptic membrane, the prerequisite step for neurotransmitter release.

He found that these mice had selective loss of the fast Ca2 + - triggered synaptic vesicle release.

A vesicle is a container made of a lipid membrane from which a neurotransmitter is released into the synaptic cleft — the space between neurons.

The next major advance which moved this analysis from a cell physiological to a molecular level was accomplished by Scheller and Südhof who made overlapping contributions that characterized the proteins that controlled the two key steps of transmitter release: 1) They showed the mechanism by which the vesicle is mobilized to the release sites of the presynaptic terminal, where the synaptic vesicle first fuses with the membrane of the sending neuron and then leaves the cell, and 2) they also discovered how Ca2 + drives the vesicle to release its contents.

Transgenic expression of Glud1 (glutamate dehydrogenase 1) in neurons: in vivo model of enhanced glutamate release, altered synaptic plasticity, and selective neuronal vulnerability.

Since most neurons receive thousands of synaptic inputs, the neuronal membrane is a mosaic of specialized microdomains where neurotransmitter receptors cluster in register with the corresponding presynaptic neurotransmitter release sites.

«We have shown for the first time that increasing synaptic connectivity within engram cell circuits can be used to treat memory loss in mouse models of early Alzheimer's disease,» said lead author Dheeraj Roy in a release.

There, it fuses with the membrane, creating a conduit for the release of the neurotransmitters into the so - called synaptic cleft between nerve cells.

While neurotransmitters are created in the interior of the cell, they are pumped, in large quantity, into synaptic vesicles tucked into the wall of a nerve cell's so - called «terminal,» the launch pad from which chemical messages are released from the cell.

During an action potential, calcium influx into the presynaptic terminal triggers the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane, leading to the release of transmitter through the process of exocytosis.

«You wouldn't have time in the speed required for synaptic transmission to make the vesicles, load them up, and put them in the active zone ready to release them.

Combined with the intracellular location of the GluA2 - ABP / GRIP complex (Daw et al 2000, Braithwaite et al 2002), this allows for a mechanism for GluA2 to be released from GRIP and made available for insertion into the synaptic membrane and for internalised receptors to be captured.

In 2007, we showed that astrocytes release adenosine to modulate glutamatergic synaptic transmission during hypoxia.

Astrocytes, triggered by e.g. purinergic receptors (Eur J Neurosci 2007), release glutamate from VGLUT containing vesicles to enhance synaptic efficacy (Nature Neurosci 2004, 2007, Neuroscience 2009a).

Review of the literature underlines a role for vesicular release of glutamate from astrocytes in synaptic transmission (Neuroscience 2009a).

Hypothalamic explants were then used to assess the intracellular localization of PRCP and its release at the synaptic levels.

It activates serotonin and protein release that build up the (synaptic) pathways between spaces in the brain.

When you are happy you release the happy hormone SEROTONIN, serotonin makes connections, it helps the brain cells to conduct messages across the synaptic gap.

To achieve this, it is essential to understand the synaptic response that neuropedagogy provide for us, because the altruistic help actions to our neighbor activates the same biochemical processes of cerebral reward which release the inside genuine happiness neurotransmitters (such as dopamine, serotonin and acetylcholine).

However, it has also been proposed that 4 - AP might lead to clinical improvement by an increase in neurotransmitter release or an increase in the number of activated synaptic terminals [47].

Synaptics has clearly made significant improvements since then otherwise Vivo wouldn't be releasing a smartphone with an unreliable component and it soon might not be the only company that beat Samsung to the market with this technology.

In January, biometric suppliers, such as Synaptics expected devices in released in late 2017 to include the feature.

In one line of its press release, Synaptics said that its Clear ID technology has been «designed for smartphones with infinity displays.»

It was believed that Samsung, working with Synaptics, will be able to implement in - display fingerprint authentication on the Galaxy Note 8 by its expected release in the second half of the year.

As already mentioned, it was not mentioned what phone exactly will sport Synaptics» new fingerprint scanner, but it could be the company's next - in - line OPPO R - series smartphone, though it's also possible that OPPO may release a top - of - the - line device next year, with high - end specifications, and include such a fingerprint scanner in that package instead, as the company's R series of devices is quite compelling, but those are all mid-range phones.

In a press release sent out on Tuesday, Synaptics announced that the third generation of their Natural ID sensors meant for small devices like smartphones and tablets is in testing and sampling.

Companies like Synaptics now have fingerprint sensor solutions that can be embedded under a phone or tablet's display glass, «capable of high - resolution scanning through 1 mm of full cover glass and enables clean, button - free industrial designs,» the company said in a press release.

Synaptics will release the ClearPad 3700, a pressure - sensitive display controller that runs on ClearForce technology, in 2016.

Using Synaptics» new optical tech, this mysterious smartphone vendor will release a smartphone with a fingerprint scanner embedded beneath the phone's display.

The Synaptics announcement comes at the same time as rumors are swirling about the iPhone and Galaxy slated for release in 2017.

«Synaptics Incorporated, the leading developer of human interface solutions, today announced mass production with a top five OEM of its new Clear ID ™ FS9500 family of optical in - display fingerprint sensors,» the company said in the press release.

The press release from Synaptics says the industry is «quickly shifting to bezel - free OLED infinity displays,» and unfortunately, Samsung and Apple aren't the only ones using such displays.

The press release says Synaptics is already mass - producing the component, called Clear ID ™ FS9500, with a top five smartphone manufacturer.

This Tuesday, Synaptics issued a press release, announcing its stellar invention of a display - embedded fingerprint reader for mobile phones.