In the past, this has tended to be overstated; on the basis of the fact that Jesus certainly taught in Aramaic, and on the assumption that when we had reached one step behind the tradition in
our synoptic sources we had reached the teaching of Jesus, it was sometimes assumed that an Aramaism represented the voice of Jesus.
Not exact matches
The evidence indicates that the written
sources of our
Synoptic Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John) are not later than c. AD 60; some of them have even been traced back to notes taken of our Lord's teaching while His words were actually being uttered... We have then in the
Synoptic Gospels, the latest of which was complete between 40 - 50 years after the death of Christ, material which took shape at a still earlier time, some of it even before His death, and which, besides being for the most part 1st hand evidence, was transmitted along independent and trustworthy lines.»
Any Freshman in Biblical Studies learns about the Q doc «umant which was a
source for all the
synoptics.
Critical scholarship in the 19th century distinguished between the «biographical» approach of the
synoptics and the «theological» approach of John, and began to disregard John as a historical
source.
So why are the three
synoptic Gospels so different rather than similar — particularly if they have a common
source?
In the article, Harrison discusses such «difficulties» in the text as problems with chronologies, differences in numbers, non-parallel accounts in the Gospels, the differences between John and the
synoptics, and presumed error in the
sources quoted (e. g.; Acts 7:4).
Such honest reporting shows that the
synoptic evangelists and their
sources did attach some value to history.
And equally important the anonymous authors of the gospels and the various known and unknown
sources of those documents like
synoptic «Q» and the «Signs Gospel» that some scholars believe is embedded in the fourth gospel.
The discovery of Thomas was paralleled by a new confidence that an early sayings
source could be identified behind the
synoptic Gospels.
Like the
sources and traditions back of them, the
Synoptic Gospels are largely composed of items handed down separately or in small collections and arranged by the evangelists according to their own individual purposes and interests.
18.6, the only place where the specifically Christian Greek construction pisteuein eis is found in the
synoptics and where the eis eme is clearly secondary, being absent in the
source, Mark 9.42.)
The only man whose work we can trace in the
synoptic tradition who ever concerns himself to remain reasonably true, in our sense of that word, to his
sources is Luke, and even he does not hesitate to make very considerable changes indeed when he has theological reasons for doing so.
This is a proposal to accept as authentic material which is attested in all, or most, of the
sources which can be discerned behind the
synoptic gospels.
We, at any rate, have no hesitation in basing our work on the two -
source hypothesis, with suitable recognition of the possibility of the continuing existence and influence of
synoptic - type tradition alongside the
synoptic gospels themselves all through the period that concerns us.
and particularly when we think in terms of strands and forms of tradition rather than in terms of
synoptic gospel
sources.
I and its parallels, and in view also of what we have claimed to be the success of the total contemporary approach to the
synoptic tradition in which these variations are accounted for on the assumption that they are due to, and a
source of knowledge of, the theology of the evangelist or redactor concerned, we claim that we are entirely justified in challenging Gerhardsson to produce an exegesis of some sets of parallel sayings as evidence for his hypothesis, as we are prepared to do as evidence for ours.
The major
source, the
synoptic gospels (Matthew, Mark and Luke), contains a great deal of teaching material ascribed to Jesus, and it turns out to be precisely that: teaching ascribed to Jesus and yet, in fact, stemming from the early Church.
The Jesus Seminar adopts the standard two -
source theory as a solution to the
synoptic problem: Mark is the earliest of the three
synoptic gospels; in composing their gospels, Matthew and Luke used Mark along with a hypothetical common
source Q (short for the German Quelle: «
source»), consisting primarily of sayings of Jesus.
Remember, Paul is one of many theologies we find in the New Testament; the authors or
sources, at least, of the
synoptics seem to have their own theologies and they differ in places.
These passages are all narratives of a
synoptic type and include the Miracle at Cana (2:1 - 11), the Cleansing of the Temple (2:14 - 16), the Healing of the Nobleman's Son (4:46 - 53)» the Anointing at Bethany (12:1 - 8) and the Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem (12:12 - 15); it is at least possible that the evangelist was here using a written
source or oral tradition that had become comparatively «fixed» in form.
The first quest of the historical Jesus foundered, however, when it became apparent that the
synoptic Gospels and their
sources were so thoroughly permeated by Christian theology that an uninterpreted Jesus could be glimpsed only here and there.
A small amount of non-Christian testimony is presented, but the major
sources are the Christian witnesses, the Gospel tradition, and the narrative sections of the
Synoptic gospels.
Hence everything in the
synoptics which for reasons of language or content can have originated only in Hellenistic Christianity must be excluded as a
source for the teaching of Jesus.
More significant
source - relations are involved in the three
synoptic gospels.