Sentences with phrase «target gene transcription»

In the absence of Wnt signaling, we found that Tcf factors associate with proteins of the Groucho family of transcriptional repressors to repress target gene transcription.

Not exact matches

In all the pathways so far investigated, the final result is a gradient of morphogen that functions principally as a transcription factor, initiating or suppressing the transcription of one or more target genes in a concentration - dependent manner.

They tested their system on a pair of yeast transcription factors and used the data to predict which yeast genes the proteins would target, they report in this week's Science.

These are the same T cell genes inhibited by digoxin, and since replication of integrated HIV - 1 requires transcription of nearby genes, this provides an explanation for why wild type HIV - 1 is more susceptible to digoxin: digoxin represses the genes that the virus more frequently targets for integration.

The Rutgers scientists show that the transcription activator protein functions by binding to a specific DNA sequence preceding the target gene and making adhesive, Velcro - like interactions with RNA polymerase that stabilize contacts by RNA polymerase with adjacent DNA sequences.

Transcription factors, the tiny proteins that switch genes on or off in the nucleus of cells, are considered unreachable molecular targets for drugs attempting to treat medical conditions.

Similarly, Bernaudin et al. [43] found increased expression of 18 genes in the neonatal rat brain following hypoxia (8 % O2 for 3 h) including several known hypoxia inducible genes such as MAP kinase phosphatase - 1 (MKP - 1), several HIF - 1 target genes including VEGF and GLUT - 1, genes implicated in apoptosis, signal transduction molecules, and transcription factors.

PPARs form heterodimers with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) and regulate transcription of their target genes and gene networks.

Andy Peters and Ursula Storb show that the initiation of Ig gene transcription targets Ig gene somatic hypermutation (SHM), by duplicating the variable (V) region promoter upstream of the constant (C) region and showing that a second wave of mutations occurs over the C region.

The complex then migrates into the cell nucleus, and activates the transcription of specific target genes which are involved in physiological and pathological bone formation (Chen, Deng & Li, 2012; Katagiri & Tsukamoto, 2013; Miyazawa et al., 2002).

Activated E2F leading to transcription of several target genes including cyclin E in late G1 phase which form active complex with CDK2 drives progression from G1 to S phase [7].

This is believed to be true given the results of previous RNA - seq experiments (1, 4, 5) along with a belief that the odds are very low that Cas9 would have an off - target that lands in the promoter of another gene, thereby driving aberrant transcription.

The Wnt target gene encoding the transcription factor Achaete scute - like 2 controls the fate of the intestinal stem cell (26).

The proteins, called transcription factors, can combine in nearly limitless ways to target different genes, generating a rich regulatory syntax.

During periods of oxidative stress, as levels of reactive electrophilic metabolites increase, the ability of Keap1 to target Nrf2 for ubiquitin - dependent degradation is disrupted, thereby increasing Nrf2 protein levels and its transport into the nucleus, resulting in transcription of antioxidant response genes [5], [6], [8], [10], [11].

As shown in Fig. 6, the binding of IFNα to its cognate receptors activates the classic JAK - STAT pathway, which is required to initiate the transcription of a set of primary target genes, such as IRF - 1.

However, it is unclear whether this enhanced interaction selectively facilitates transcription of specific p53 target genes, including sestrins, or whether p53 serine18 phosphorylation also regulates specific target genes by altering interactions of p53 with other coactivators such as chromatin modifying enzymes.

Also relevant are studies of the upstream mechanisms that regulate levels and function of those gene products, for example: how a transcription factor regulates multiple targets or how factors can regulate translation or post-translational modification of multiple proteins.

Approximately 50 % of PTCL are unclassifiable and categorized as PTCL, not otherwise specified (PTCL - NOS).1 Using gene expression profiling, PTCL - NOS lymphocytes can be distinguished from normal T lymphocytes, with deregulation of genes involved in apoptosis, proliferation, cell adhesion, and transcription regulation.2 Two subgroups of PTCL - NOS have been identified, which are characterized by high expression of either GATA3 or TBX21 / T - bet transcription factors and downstream target genes.3 However, actionable biomarkers closely related to the pathogenic mechanism need to be further investigated and may become potential therapeutic targets of PTCL - NOS. 4, 5

2018-03-06 - New publication Characterization of the human RFX transcription factor family by regulatory and target gene analysis.

Abbreviations: Aβ, amyloid β - peptide; AD, Alzheimer's disease; ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Ambra1, activating molecule in Beclin -1-regulated autophagy; AMPK, AMP - activated protein kinase; APP, amyloid precursor protein; AR, androgen receptor; Atg, autophagy - related; AV, autophagic vacuole; Bcl, B - cell lymphoma; BH3, Bcl - 2 homology 3; CaMKKβ, Ca2 + - dependent protein kinase kinase β; CHMP2B, charged multivesicular body protein 2B; CMA, chaperone - mediated autophagy; 2 ′ 5 ′ ddA, 2 ′, 5 ′ - dideoxyadenosine; deptor, DEP - domain containing mTOR - interacting protein; DRPLA, dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy; 4E - BP1, translation initiation factor 4E - binding protein - 1; Epac, exchange protein directly activated by cAMP; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; ERK1 / 2, extracellular - signal - regulated kinase 1/2; ESCRT, endosomal sorting complex required for transport; FAD, familial AD; FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; FIP200, focal adhesion kinase family - interacting protein of 200 kDa; FoxO3, forkhead box O3; FTD, frontotemporal dementia; FTD3, FTD linked to chromosome 3; GAP, GTPase - activating protein; GR, guanidine retinoid; GSK3, glycogen synthase kinase 3; HD, Huntington's disease; hiPSC, human induced pluripotent stem cell; hVps, mammalian vacuolar protein sorting homologue; IKK, inhibitor of nuclear factor κB kinase; IMPase, inositol monophosphatase; IP3R, Ins (1,4,5) P3 receptor; I1R, imidazoline - 1 receptor; JNK1, c - Jun N - terminal kinase 1; LC3, light chain 3; LD, Lafora disease; L - NAME, NG - nitro - L - arginine methyl ester; LRRK2, leucine - rich repeat kinase 2; MIPS, myo - inositol -1-phosphate synthase; mLST8, mammalian lethal with SEC13 protein 8; MND, motor neuron disease; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; mTORC, mTOR complex; MVB, multivesicular body; NAC, N - acetylcysteine; NBR1, neighbour of BRCA1 gene 1; NOS, nitric oxide synthase; p70S6K, ribosomal protein S6 kinase - 1; PD, Parkinson's disease; PDK1, phosphoinositide - dependent kinase 1; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3 - kinase; PI3KC1a, class Ia PI3K; PI3KC3, class III PI3K; PI3KK, PI3K - related protein kinase; PINK1, PTEN - induced kinase 1; PKA, protein kinase A; PLC, phospholipase C; polyQ, polyglutamine; PS, presenilin; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted from chromosome 10; Rag, Ras - related GTP - binding protein; raptor, regulatory - associated protein of mTOR; Rheb, Ras homologue enriched in brain; rictor, rapamycin - insensitive companion of mTOR; SBMA, spinobulbar muscular atrophy; SCA, spinocerebellar ataxia; SLC, solute carrier; SMER, small - molecule enhancer of rapamycin; SMIR, small - molecule inhibitor of rapamycin; SNARE, N - ethylmaleimide - sensitive factor - attachment protein receptor; SOD1, copper / zinc superoxide dismutase 1; TFEB, transcription factor EB; TOR, target of rapamycin; TSC, tuberous sclerosis complex; ULK1, UNC -51-like kinase 1; UVRAG, UV irradiation resistance - associated gene; VAMP, vesicle - associated membrane protein; v - ATPase, vacuolar H + - ATPase; Vps, vacuolar protein sorting

What's more, one transcription factor typically targets thousands of genomic locations in the cell and changes gene expression at each location.

In response to cellular stress such as DNA damage, oncogene activation, transcriptional inhibition, and hypoxia, tumor suppressor p53 is activated and expressed, and acts as a transcription factor to induce its target genes [1], thereby playing a central role in the regulation of DNA repair, cell cycle, apoptosis, senescence, and angiogenesis [2 - 4].

For example, our studies identified transcription factors, RNA binding proteins, and signaling genes as critical miRNA targets during contexts such as development of peripheral sensory organs, wing, eye, and CNS, or during behavioral contexts such as egg - laying, rhythmic behavior, and locomotor activity (Figure 2).

268/4: 45 Identifying the transcription factors mediating enhancer — target gene regulation in the human genome.

These laboratories are complemented by several additional laboratories: one that is focused on computational structure prediction and design (Phil Bradley), one that conducts solution - based protein mapping studies of large complexes involved in gene transcription (Steve Hahn) and a third that conducts drug target validation and drug screening studies (Julian Simon).

As all of these Oct4 homodimer and heterodimer conformations bind distinct DNA motifs, a signaling - based mechanism could potentially control the transcription of distinct subsets of Oct4 target genes.

A patent application has been filed and testing is underway on the protein — called HT - TALENs (short for HIV - targeted transcription activator - like effector nucleases)-- which uses a newly developed gene - editing technique to rid the body's cells of the immunodeficiency virus before it has a chance to multiply and possibly develop into AIDS.

Previous whole - genome chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses have identified a wide set of Oct4 target genes [6], [28], as well as describing co-occupancy of Oct4 and other transcription factors at many of these genes [6].

Among the other 42 gene targets tested, representing genes located within the chromosome, linear plasmids and circular plasmids, gene transcription was detected in both duplicate samples of 22 gene targets in saline - treated mice, particularly in heart base samples.

Mercury directly targets the cysteine that comprises the DNA - binding sites on most gene transcription factors.