For the teachers that don't
teach a subject measured on the test, the state still uses the students verbal and math test scores.
Not exact matches
He is willing to accept what Christians have received from barbarians as long as Christians are willing to
subject their
teaching to «Greek proof,» i.e., to
measure it by Celsus» standards as to what is reasonable.
Supplements Epidemic Dysentery Controlling Cholera Diarrhoea and Drugs Persistent Diarrhoea Refugees and Displaced Communities Shigellosis
Teaching tools and techniques Breastfeeding Practical Hygiene Children's Poster Competition Weaning Water and Sanitation Immunisation Growth Monitoring Photographic Competition Results Oral Rehydration Therapy
Subject Index Aetiology Cholera Escherichia Coli Parasites Rotavirus Shigella Drug therapy Antimicrobials Epidemiology Health education and training Health education Training Immunisation Laboratory services Nutrition Breastfeeding Feeding and diarrhoea Growth monitoring Vitamin A Malnutrition and diarrhoea Weaning General Oral rehydration therapy Management of diarrhoea Infants Formula
Measuring ORS Sanitation and hygiene Handwashing Latrines Survey and evaluation methods Traditional remedies / local beliefs Urban health Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Behaviour Water supply Water purification Women
Two other studies — one involving 79 pairs of teachers in Los Angeles (which I wrote with Douglas Staiger) and the
Measures of Effective
Teaching study involving 1,591 teachers in six different school districts (which I wrote with Dan McCaffrey, Trey Miller and Douglas Staiger)-- randomly assigned teachers to different groups of students within a grade and
subject in a school.
Also, in middle school and high school, where the number of students
taught in a given
subject is larger, the stability of the
measures tends to be higher.
Right now we are using proxy
measures, such as whether a teacher has a major in the
subject he or she
teaches, but that does nt get at whether the students of that teacher are learning.
While this positive response is certainly dependent on the special nature of the objective - setting process in Denver — a process in which teachers collaborated directly with their principals to set goals based on individually
measured baselines for the students they
taught, in the
subject matter they
taught — this response still flies in the face of preconceptions that teachers fear pay for performance based on student growth because it will harm collegial relations.
But not for all the usual reasons that people raise concerns: the worry about whether we've got good
measures of teacher performance, especially for instructors in
subjects other than reading and math; the likelihood that tying achievement to evaluations will spur
teaching to the test in ways that warp instruction and curriculum; the futility of trying to «principal - proof» our schools by forcing formulaic, one - size - fits - all evaluation models upon all K — 12 campuses; the terrible timing of introducing new evaluation systems at the same time that educators are working to implement the Common Core.
Roughly one - quarter of K — 12 teachers typically
teach in grades and
subjects where obtaining such
measures is currently possible.
Because an accountability test that supports
teaching is focused on only a very limited number of challenging curricular aims, a student's mastery of each
subject can be meaningfully
measured, letting teachers determine how effective their instruction has been.
In essence, therefore, our two
measures of
teaching quality reflect, in the first case, value added (or «deep learning») that is transferrable to subsequent classes in the
subject, and, in the second case, inspiration, as indicated by the ability to convert students to a
subject that they had not previously planned on studying in depth.
[vi] What is needed are
measures of
teaching effectiveness that are not
subject to these types of biases.
[ix] We build on the work of other researchers [x] in examining the likelihood of taking additional courses in a
subject area as a
measure of
teaching excellence — the more likely a student is to continue studying in a particular discipline, the better the teacher is thought to have been.
Even though value - added
measures accurately gauge teachers» impacts on test scores, it could still be the case that high - VA teachers simply «
teach to the test,» either by narrowing the
subject matter in the curriculum or by having students learn test - taking strategies that consistently increase test scores but do not benefit students later in their lives.
As we, and others, get better at evaluating and
measuring the impact of what we do, more people will understand that outdoor learning can enrich
taught subjects back in the classroom.
For the majority of teachers, whose students don't take a state test on the
subject they
teach, gains would be
measured by students» gains from a spring or fall pre-test to a spring post-test in their
subject.
New teacher evaluation systems are the latest effort to
measure and improve the quality of the
teaching workforce, but these new systems have already raised concerns that they will be
subject to the same rating inflation by administrators that plagued previous systems.
If yes, welcome to a world of tests from gym to art — or worse, state test
measures in math and English applied to folks who don't
teach those two
subjects (try explaining that to teachers or, for that matter, your neighbor).
Acknowledging the «unfairness» of the evaluations, Walker said that a system should
measure the individual effectiveness of each teacher, but noted that the «FCAT VAM has been applied to teachers whose students are tested in a
subject that teacher does not
teach and to teachers who are
measured on students they have never
taught....
But only a third of teachers
teach grades or
subjects measured by state standardized tests, so administrators use different
measures to rate the rest.
It's not immediately apparent what
subjects each of these teachers
teach but 8 of the top 10 don't even
teach the courses that are
measured by the state's math and reading tests that were used to calculate the value added
measures.
The same concept applies to using differences in teachers»
measured performance across different sections (e.g. at the secondary level, where teachers often
teach multiple sections of the same
subject) to gauge the extent to which measurement error may lead to inaccurate assessments.
Since school spending per pupil has been relatively stable in real terms for the last seven years, allocating extra curriculum time and resources to
teaching EBacc
subjects may have often implied diverting them from non-EBacc
subjects that offer less benefit in terms of school performance, as evaluated by the new headline
measures.
States can reserve up to 3 percent of their Title II funds for investments in «teacher, principal, or other school leader certification, recertification licensing, or tenure systems or preparation program standards and approval processes to ensure that (i) teachers have the necessary
subject - matter knowledge and
teaching skills, as demonstrated through
measures determined by the State.»
For those who
teach subjects not tested by the state, the proposal would increase the weight of observations and locally developed
measures.
One of the most vexing problems that many education systems have faced is how to
measure student growth, or learning, for the vast majority of teachers who don't
teach in tested
subjects or grades.
First,
measuring a broad array of
subjects and skills encourages teachers to
teach them all and try to do it well.
Praxis I ®
measures basic academic skills; Praxis II ®
measures general and
subject - specific knowledge and
teaching skills; and Praxis III ® assesses classroom performance.
Including these
measures along with standardized testing would not only encourage teachers to
teach a wide range of
subjects well, but would also accomplish Presidents Obama's goal to make all children college ready.
With a mix of human capital reforms, such as rounding out the
teaching force with UCLA graduate students who have expertise in key
subjects, added student learning and enrichment programs in and out of classroom, and a new focus on developing a college - going culture of high expectations, UCLA is setting out to take what is, by most
measures, a struggling school and drastically improve academic outcomes for all students.
The Praxis II
Subject Assessments
measure knowledge of general and specific
subjects related to K - 12
teaching skills and classroom knowledge.
Value - added
measures are said to be confounded if they are
subject to change because of students» socio - economic backgrounds or other student - level characteristics, and also if teachers who are equally effective have persistently different value - added scores because of the types of students they
teach.
We also present qualitative evidence that loan - forgiveness recipients were of higher quality (as
measured by value added) than nonrecipients who
taught in the same
subject but were not certified and thus ineligible.
At those schools, principals assigned teachers to
teach what observations and statistical
measures suggested were their strongest
subjects.
And, just for fun, here's a more immediate example: Learning Goal: After reading this blog, teachers will understand that conative and cognitive skills can be
taught through
subject area knowledge, and goals and scales can be used to
measure student progress, and improve instruction.