The parenting behaviors are assigned to nine subscales (with item examples in brackets): positive parental behavior («I make time to listen to my
child, when he / she wants to tell me something»), autonomy («I
teach my
child that he / she is responsible for his / her own behavior»), rules («I
teach my
child to obey rules»), monitoring («I keep track of the friends my
child is seeing»), discipline («When my
child has done something wrong, I punish him / her by taking away something nice [for instance, the
child can't watch TV,...]»), harsh punishment («I slap my
child when he / she has done something wrong»), ignoring unwanted behavior («When my
child does something that is not allowed, I only talk to him / her again when he / she behaves better»), inconsistent discipline («When I have punished my
child, it happens that I let my
child out of the punishment
early»), and material rewarding («I give my
child money or a small present when he / she has done something that I am happy
about»).