For example, the challenging fourth - and eighth - grade language arts and mathematics tests have had a positive impact
on teacher expectations and instruction.
Some research has identified obstacles that retention creates for student learning: loss of self - esteem, embarrassment at being older than classmates, and lower
teacher expectations for the child.
To what extent does the gap
in teacher expectations reflect real differences in the objective probability of college completion?
Students might perceive and emotionally react to low or
high teacher expectations, which could benefit or damage the quality of their work.
Policies that would put black students on the same footing as white students in terms of
how teacher expectations are formed could narrow attainment gaps.
Perhaps subjective factors inside each school, such
as teacher expectations for black students, or how students are tracked into advanced classes, are critical.
To begin to understand the extent to which
teacher expectations matter, we first compare the college completion rates of students whose teachers have lower and higher expectations for their educational attainment.
This evidence suggests that to raise student attainment, particularly among students of color,
elevating teacher expectations, eliminating racial bias, and hiring a more diverse teaching force are worthy goals.
When students feel able to meet parent expectations, they are less likely to be worried and stressed about their schoolwork and less likely to suffer from physical symptoms of stress and Students are more motivated and engaged in school, and are more likely to persevere when they feel supported by their teachers
That's why so many young people graduate from high school having
met teacher expectations, taken required courses, attained a decent GPA, and reached a respectable class rank, only to find themselves shunted into remedial courses at college.
There are also articles about obstacles to greater progress: a study reveals that
teacher expectations impact students» likelihood of completing college and are often lower for black students than for their white counterparts, even after accounting for students» academic and demographic backgrounds; and a look at how allowing laptop use in the classroom actually distracts from student learning.
More than that, Hattie (2009, 2012) notes that one of the most important parameters for the influence of student success was
not teacher expectations, but student expectations.
For example, education researchers in the Netherlands found that biased
teacher expectations at the end of primary school predicted secondary school outcomes.
The ELS has a longitudinal design, which allows researchers to
link teacher expectations to individual student data collected up to 10 years later.
However the point is taken that opportunities to
reinforce teachers expectations both in an out of the classroom either on the way to class or the staff room, moving from site to site around the school and the nature of playground duty, does provide lots of opportunites to reinforce and reward expectations around behaviour.
«
Increasing Teacher Expectations for Student Achievement: An Evaluation» by Denise C. Gottfredson, Elizabeth Marciniak, Ann T. Birdseye, and Gary D. Gottfredson, CDS Report No. 25 (November 1991).
Having two contemporaneous expectations per student facilitates within - student comparisons of
multiple teacher expectations formed at the same time.
Each of these possibilities creates feedback loops that trigger self - fulfilling prophecies: intentionally or not,
teacher expectations cause student outcomes to converge on what were initially incorrect expectations.
When I started as principal of John Stanford International School, we had a committee — including teachers — that
defined teacher expectations.
In addition to better
communicating teacher expectations, levels of performance permit the teacher to more consistently and objectively distinguish between good and bad performance, or between superior, mediocre and poor performance, when evaluating student work.
Analysis of their posts and comments illuminated
preservice teacher expectations for science teaching roles and how preservice teachers applied their expectations when commenting on their peers.
Programs
like Teacher Expectations and Student Achievement emphasize the importance of the subtle ways in which teachers can communicate their interest in students (Kerman, Kimball, & Martin, 1980).