Teaching and learning with computers in schools: The development of instructional
technology pedagogical content knowledge.
According to Neiss (2005), TPACK (or
technology pedagogical content knowledge, as she referred to it at that time)
Preparing teachers to teach science and mathematics with technology: Developing
a technology pedagogical content knowledge.
The challenge for mathematics teacher educators is to identify teacher preparation and professional development programs that lead toward the development of
technology pedagogical content knowledge (TPCK).
But for technology to become an integral component or tool for learning the subject, teachers must also develop «an overarching conception of their subject matter with respect to technology and what it means to teach with technology —
technology pedagogical content knowledge (TPCK)» (Niess, 2005, p. 510).
Not exact matches
The TPACK (Technological
Pedagogical Content Knowledge) framework lays out the knowledge that educators need in order to successfully integrate
technology into their teaching.
While the Technological
Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework, new for the 5th edition, provides teachers with the knowledge and skills to overcome obstacles when integrating technology into their curriculum — across the content
Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework, new for the 5th edition, provides teachers with the knowledge and skills to overcome obstacles when integrating
technology into their curriculum — across the
contentcontent areas.
Preservice elementary teachers as information and communication
technology designers: an instructional systems design model based on an expanded view of
pedagogical content knowledge
Combining knowledge from multiple subdomains to effectively integrate
technology while guiding students to increase specific
content knowledge and skills using appropriate
pedagogical approaches.
Teachers need to select and utilize effective
pedagogical strategies and
technologies that are appropriate for the
content and context.
The TPACK model emphasizes the importance of complex interactions among three domains — technological (TK),
pedagogical (PK), and
content knowledge (CK)-- needed by teachers to successfully integrate
technology into instruction (Koehler et al., 2013).
TPACK can be described as teachers» knowledge of when, where, and how to use
technology, while guiding students to increase their knowledge and skills in particular
content areas using appropriate
pedagogical approaches (Brantley - Dias & Ertmer, 2013; Niess, 2011).
In education coursework and field experiences, you will learn the foundation of professionalism and reflection, human development and diversity, integration of teaching experiences and assessment,
technology,
content and related
pedagogical content knowledge, and professional collaboration.
They used their knowledge of these effective
pedagogical practices, while using
technology, to identify and address gaps in the students»
content knowledge.
We also posit that teachers», including Jake's and Isabell's, understanding of the interactions of
content knowledge, technological knowledge, and
pedagogical knowledge resulted in integration of the
technology in ways that did not always enhance the science
content learning.
Classroom
technology is integrated into
content and
pedagogical practices at the teacher's discretion; not all teachers will integrate
technology into their practice, and those who do use
technology adopt the
technology in varying degrees of integration.
If
technology is truly to impact both
pedagogical competence, as well as increase
content knowledge in the social studies, the apex of the instructional delivery system — the instructor — must be the continual focus of these beliefs.
The concept of technological
pedagogical content knowledge (or
technology, pedagogy, and
content knowledge [TPACK]-RRB- provides a theoretical frame for doing just that (Mishra & Koehler, 2006)-- as long as TPACK is not used by teacher educators and researchers as a simple static and myopic evaluative lens that fails to pay attention to the range of contexts that teachers work within.
Any decision to use a
technology is
pedagogical in nature and will both reflect and impact how
content is engaged in the classroom.
Educators» TPACK, or
technology integration knowledge, is operationalized when they identify an effective combination of curriculum
content, a particular
pedagogical approach, and a use of a
technology tool or resource to support the learning experience.
This finding demonstrates a need for teacher professional development at every educational level (e.g., preservice and in - service) to not only model best practices that employ
technology but also seek ways to develop teachers» technological
pedagogical content knowledge (TPCK, or
technology, pedagogy, and
content knowledge [TPACK]-RRB-.
It requires an understanding of the representation of concepts using
technologies;
pedagogical techniques that use
technologies in constructive ways to teach
content; knowledge of what makes concepts difficult or easy to learn and how
technology can help redress some of the problems that students face; knowledge of students» prior knowledge and theories of epistemology; and knowledge of how
technologies can be used to build on existing knowledge and to develop new epistemologies or strengthen old ones.
The researchers determined that the strongest influences on how the teachers used the digital primary sources and
technology centered on their own beliefs, the «purpose for teaching» (p. 159), and their level of «
pedagogical content knowledge» (p. 163).
The teacher candidates noted that they also benefited from seeing how such a learning environment could be structured so that student learners are allowed control over their learning (technological
content knowledge), the use of acronyms to guide procedural knowledge development (technological
pedagogical knowledge), and the level of technical skills required to teach with
technology (technological knowledge)-- all of which increased their own teacher knowledge about teaching with
technology (Figg & Burson, 2009).
Lastly, the need to work effectively with
technology as English teachers supports efforts to develop preservice teachers» technological
pedagogical content knowledge during university preparation.
Teachers» technological
pedagogical content knowledge: Curriculum - based
technology integration reframed.
The rapid expansion of available technological tools has prompted scholarly discourse about how Shulman's (1987) construct of
pedagogical content knowledge might be built upon to help describe the sort of knowledge teachers need for teaching with
technology.
Recently, the phrase «technological
pedagogical content knowledge» (or
technology, pedagogy, and
content knowledge; TPACK) has been used to describe «an understanding that emerges from an interaction of
content, pedagogy, and
technology knowledge» (Koehler & Mishra, 2008, p. 17).
Preservice teachers have the chance to develop technological
pedagogical content knowledge, in part, through reflection on the elements of and connections between
technology, pedagogy and
content.
This approach takes into account that many school districts provide classroom teachers with limited face - to - face professional development time to learn new
content knowledge and
pedagogical approaches for teaching with geospatial
technologies.
Using reflection to consider specific issues critically — such as the rapid rate of technological change, the design of
technology for educational purposes or the use of specific forms of
technology to support the situated nature of learning (Mishra & Koehler, 2006)-- provides preservice teachers with the opportunity to develop their technological
pedagogical content knowledge while engaging in meaningful reflective practice.
Technological
pedagogical knowledge (TPK), or the use of specific
pedagogical strategies or techniques to teach with
technology so that
content knowledge is enhanced.
Through their projects they construct theoretical knowledge of multiliteracies as they become digital storytellers of their own identities, and they construct technological
pedagogical content knowledge (TPCK) about how to integrate such digital video
technology in their future classrooms.
As Hammond and Manfra (2009) described in their discussion of TPACK in social studies education, TPACK is a conceptual framework in teacher education that «provides a common language to discuss the integration of
technology into instruction and builds upon the concepts of
pedagogical content knowledge, [as well as] teacher as curricular gatekeeper» (p. 160).
As technological tools become more ubiquitous in classroom settings, teachers must expand their
pedagogical content knowledge to include a critical stance about
technology use.
Thus, teacher educators need to work with existing
pedagogical beliefs,
content and
technology knowledge and skills, and prior knowledge and experiences and seek ways in which more innovative instructional practices become commonplace and the appropriate and effective utilization of
technology to support innovative instructional practices is ensured.
Importantly, addressing geospatial
technology in teacher education also engages teacher candidates» development of technological
pedagogical content knowledge, also known as
technology, pedagogy, and
content knowledge (TPACK).
Therefore, the preservice teacher in this example must be taught (a) to identify individual students» learning styles, (b)
content specific
pedagogical practices that account for student differences, and (c) ways to use
technology to scaffold and facilitate student learning.
In this way, experimenting with geospatial
technologies during teacher education addresses the development of teacher candidates»
pedagogical content knowledge (Shulman, 1987) by contributing to their «understanding of how particular topics, problems, or issues are organized, represented, and adapted to the diverse interests and abilities of learners, and presented for instruction» (p. 8).
Our enhanced model is designed to promote inclusive
pedagogical perspectives at the nexus points between
content,
technology, and pedagogy.
As suggested by many authors in the Handbook of Technological
Pedagogical Content Knowledge (AACTE Committee on Innovation and
Technology, 2008), more research needs to examine the role of teacher preparation programs teachers» beliefs (Niess, 2008), and specific student and school contexts (McCrory, 2008) regarding the nature and development of TPACK.
Using the principles we offer above, we suggest that English language arts methods classes can infuse
technology in a way that does not interfere with the
content pedagogy but supports it in a way that actively involves students and prepares them with the technical and
pedagogical skills for creating the new learning - centered classroom.
Teachers» technological
pedagogical content knowledge and learning activity types: Curriculum - based
technology integration reframed.
The purpose of this task was not only to require the teachers to learn new technological practices, but also have them adjust their current information
technology use and integrate these new practices into their existing
pedagogical and
content knowledge practices.
TPACK or
technology integration knowledge is operationalized when educators identify an effective combination of curriculum
content, a particular
pedagogical approach, and a
technology tool or resource that supports the learning experience.
A change to the conceptual framework on a programmatic level is necessary to instill the necessary technological
pedagogical content knowledge (or
technology, pedagogy, and
content knowledge, known as TPACK) that allows future teachers to integrate
technology in a manner consistent with national standards (Wetzel, Foulger, & Williams, 2009).
We understand that educational
technology courses may teach computer skills — but
technology applications really can and should also be introduced and reinforced in methods courses — modeled in and applied to specific
pedagogical constructs within the
content areas.
This TPACK is a blending of
pedagogical knowledge,
content knowledge, and technological knowledge that is unique to the idea of teaching
content with
technology.
Analysis of the professional development sessions revealed the need for more professional development focused on enhancing teachers» ability to connect mathematical ideas using
technology and on their
pedagogical and
content skills to work with multiple representations of mathematical ideas.
With the advent of computer
technology, both the
pedagogical skills and technological
content knowledge of the teacher play a role whenever computer
technology is used in the classroom (Mishra & Koehler, 2006).