The phrase
"telomerase gene" refers to a specific gene responsible for producing an enzyme called telomerase. Telomerase helps maintain and extend the protective caps at the ends of chromosomes called telomeres. This gene plays a crucial role in cell division and has implications in aging, cancer, and various genetic diseases.
Full definition
As in the former case, after being treated with
telomerase gene therapy «the telomeres in the peripheral blood in these mice also lengthened and the number of blood cells increased considerably,» write the authors.
To find out, the researchers injected a cloned
telomerase gene into cultured cells from retina, skin, and blood vessels, all of which are associated with degenerative, aging - related diseases.
Representative bone marrow images of aplastic anemia (left) and cured anemia
upon telomerase gene therapy (right).
Dendritic cells reconstituted with
human telomerase gene induce potent cytotoxic T - cell response against different types of tumors.
Hockemeyer says that it's unlikely to be another mutation, but rather an epigenetic change that affects expression of
the telomerase gene, or a change in the expression of a transcription factor or other regulatory proteins that binds to the promoter upstream of the telomerase gene.
Though most cancers seem to require telomerase to become immortal, only some 10 to 20 percent of cancers are known to have a single - nucleotide change in the promoter upstream of
the telomerase gene.
That mutation is in a promoter, a region upstream of
the telomerase gene — referred to as TERT — that regulates how much telomerase is produced.
So the molecular cause is exactly the same base pair change in
a telomerase gene.
In order to achieve this, researchers rely on gene therapy: using a virus as a taxi, they introduce
the telomerase gene into the bone marrow cells, which can then repair the telomeres and continue generating blood cells.
After a few weeks, they treat the animals with
the telomerase gene therapy.
The researchers used mice in which
the telomerase gene was eliminated; specifically in bone marrow cells.
In embryos where
the telomerase gene was deleted, the telomeres of all embryos became shorter than normal.
The screen returned a number of mutations in
the telomerase genes.
«We now have 35 chemicals sitting in our lab that turn on
the telomerase gene,» says CEO Bill Andrews.
Looking at treatments possible in the next 5 years, I think that a treatment for senile systemic amyloidosis,
telomerase gene therapy, and thymus rejuvenation, in addition to the anti-aging therapies that are already available, would be able to allow some of the supercentenarians (110 +) to be able to make it past 122.
This work, published in «Blood», was carried out by the CNIO Telomeres and Telomerase Group The treatment is based on the transport of
the telomerase gene to the bone marrow cells using gene therapy, a completely new strategy in the treatment of aplastic anaemia
Representative bone marrow images of aplastic anaemia (left) and cured anaemia upon
the telomerase gene therapy (right).