Sentences with phrase «telomere dna»
A portion of the telomere DNA is lost during cell division.
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In a related development in 2008, a group of psychologists concluded in a research paper that a sense of purpose and direction prolongs life and we can see evidence of this in our DNA — specifically our telomeres.
Doing so keeps the telomeres found on the ends of your DNA strands long and able to protect chromosomes from deterioration.
Telomeres are repetitive stretches of DNA that cap natural chromosome ends to protect them from being damaged or fused together during DNA replication.
Researchers from several institutions, including, UCLA, Boston University, Stanford University and the Institute for Aging Research at Hebrew SeniorLife, analyzed blood samples from nearly 10,000 people to find that genetic markers in the gene responsible for keeping telomeres (tips of chromosomes) youthfully longer, did not translate into a younger biologic age as measured by changes in proteins coating the DNA.
Telomeres provide protection to chromosomes during the replication process to prevent the loss of DNA strands.
Blackburn and Szostak determined that it was a specific DNA sequence in the telomeres that kept chromosomes from fraying whenever they were copied when a cell splits in two.
The parts affected are the telomeres — stretches of DNA that cap the ends of chromosomes.
Telomere proteins from ciliated protozoa bind to the single - stranded G - rich DNA extensions at the ends of macronuclear chromosomes.
The boosted genes had three main beneficial effects: improving the efficiency of mitochondria, the powerhouse of cells; boosting insulin production, which improves control of blood sugar; and preventing the depletion of telomeres, caps on chromosomes that help to keep DNA stable and so prevent cells wearing out and ageing.
Because of a quirk in the way the DNA is replicated, the ends are not completely copied, and that information would gradually be lost if not for the telomeres.
Cech was collaborating with the younger professor on research involving telomeres, the DNA - and - protein caps that guard chromosome tips.
Austad recalls one conversation in which Muller made an insightful connection about telomeres, the DNA - and - protein caps at the ends of chromosomes that shorten with every cell division, eventually pushing cells into a nondividing state called senescence.
«The mean difference in leukocyte telomere length between the most active and least active subjects was 200 nucleotides (chemical structural units of DNA and RNA), which means that the most active subjects had telomeres the same length as sedentary individuals up to 10 years younger, on average.»
12 Telomeres, sequences of DNA at the tips of chromosomes, get shorter every time a cell divides; when they get too short, the cell dies.
Chromosomes are capped by telomeres, tightly wound strands of DNA.
They specifically studied the length of telomeres (repeated DNA sequences) on the ends of chromosomes in leukocytes (white blood cells); the protective caps are believed to be markers of biological aging, because they shrink over time.
Greider and Hackett wondered whether short telomeres might render chromosomes vulnerable to a type of enzyme called an exonuclease, which degrades DNA.
Every time linear chromosomes are replicated during late S phase, the DNA polymerase complex is incapable of replicating all the way to the end of the chromosome; if it were not for telomeres, this would quickly result in the loss of vital genetic information, which is needed to sustain a cell's activities.
The enzyme telomerase slows this degradation by adding new DNA to the ends of telomeres.
The telomere prevents this problem by employing a different mechanism to synthesize DNA at this point, thereby preserving the sequence at the terminal of the chromosome.
Telomeres are protective caps of DNA that prevent damage to the ends of chromosomes.
The key to cancer cell immortality are the cell's telomeres, repetitive stretches of DNA at the ends of chromosomes that may protect the chromosomes when they divide.
This top view of a G - quadruplex shows its structure in the DNA of a human telomere, where they frequently form.
Telomeres are pieces of DNA that protect the ends of chromosomes.
Telomeres, the caps of DNA which protect the ends of chromosomes, shorten every time cells divide.
Telomeres are composed of double - stranded DNA with terminal 3» single - stranded G - rich overhangs called telomere G - tails.
Individuals carrying the variant had shorter telomeres, stretches of DNA at the ends of chromosomes that protect them from daily wear — and also aging
Some of the sequence matched repetitive DNA in telomeres, the caps of chromosomes, which often shorten each time a cell divides and play an important role in aging.
Telomeres are bits of DNA that protect the ends of chromosomes from unraveling or degrading.
Telomeres are the protective tips found at the end of each DNA strand and are indicative of cellular aging.
Telomeres are tiny fragments of DNA at the end of each chromosome.
These tiny strips of DNA, called telomeres, cap the end of chromosomes.
«Cells do not repair damage to DNA during mitosis because telomeres could fuse together.»
This revealed telomeres as dangerous structures during mitosis, because the cells momentarily lost the ability to distinguish between damaged DNA strands and normal telomeres.
They took DNA samples from Nicoya residents who were older than 60 to measure the length of their telomeres.
To evaluate whether the experimental treatment is safe and whether it might be able to reduce frailty, Maharaj plans to run a battery of baseline testing on each clinical trial participant before they get their first infusion of young plasma and then monitor their changes for two years: That means cognitive exams, questionnaires about their quality of life and their indicators of frailty, and tests to measure biomarkers he believes are linked with aging, such as telomere lengths and DNA methylation.
«In other words, at that moment of cell division, the cell miss - identified its own telomeres as damaged DNA, which it then «repaired,» Dr. Orthwein says.
When imposing repair on broken DNA strands during mitosis, some telomeres are seen to fuse together (one dot).
Klingelhutz and his team immortalized immature precursor fat cells by adding in two genes from HPV (the virus that causes cervical cancer) along with a gene for part of an enzyme that controls the length of cells» telomeres — the pieces of DNA that protect chromosome tips from deterioration.
The protein produced by this gene protects the chromosome ends of the DNA from damage, and controls telomere maintenance by the telomerase enzyme.
The shortening of telomeres is a process that occurs naturally in the body each time that a cell divides: during cell division the DNA, which is tightly packaged into chromosomes, must be duplicated but the DNA - copying machinery design itself, prevents the full replication of the ends of the chromosomes.
Fossel believes the first viable antiaging therapy will target telomeres, which are repeating DNA sequences at the ends of chromosomes.
Telomerase is an enzyme that replicates the ends of chromosomes (sections of DNA called telomeres), replacing the DNA lost when chromosomes are copied before cell division and, therefore, maintaining the stability of the genome.
Biological age, Samani says, is related to the length of telomeres — stretches of DNA at the ends of chromosomes, which protect these precious packages of genes from daily wear and tear.
O'Sullivan came to the Karlseder lab seven years ago to explore whether histone / DNA interactions in nucleosomes altered telomere function.
Telomerase offsets cellular aging by lengthening the telomeres, adding back lost DNA repeats to add time onto the molecular clock countdown, effectively extending the lifespan of the cell.
By specifically targeting the pause signal that prevents restarting DNA repeat synthesis, telomerase enzymatic function can be supercharged to better stave off telomere length reduction, with the potential to rejuvenate aging human adult stem cells.
These DNA repeats are part of the protective capping structures, termed «telomeres,» which safeguard the ends of chromosomes from unwanted and unwarranted DNA rearrangements that destabilize the genome.
The offshore bird's secret, revealed for the first time in May by zoologists at Iowa State University, is in the storm petrel's telomeres, repetitive bits of DNA that sit on the ends of the chromosomes in each cell like protective caps.