Sentences with phrase «telomere function»

«Findings to date reveal that inflammation causes DNA damage through the disruption of telomere function.

Julia's lab studies chromosome organization and the maintenance of genome integrity, with mechanisms of telomere function as a springboard.

Gottschling and his graduate student Miriam Singer devised a way to hunt for mutations in genes that must somehow be involved with telomere function in yeast.

ADP - ribosylation of TRF1 diminished its ability to bind to telomeric DNA in vitro, suggesting that telomere function in human cells is regulated by poly (ADP - ribosyl) ation.

O'Sullivan came to the Karlseder lab seven years ago to explore whether histone / DNA interactions in nucleosomes altered telomere function.

In Cooper's lab, Godinho Ferreira worked to understand why telomeres function differently than deleterious chromosome ends generated by the abnormal breaking of chromosomes.

«Telomeres function a bit like the plastic caps at the ends of shoelaces and protect the coding DNA from loss during cell division.

Not exact matches

Like a candle that burns an inch each hour and thus functions as a clock, can the length of our telomeres tell us how much longer we have to live?

A research group discovered a new function of the chromosomal terminus, which may lead to the clarification of the mechanism for developing abnormal telomere structure such as multiple malformation and mental retardation.

Besides, the function of subtelomere, the telomere - adjacent region, has not yet been clarified although abnormal telomere structure such as multiple malformation and mental retardation exists.

It is believed that telomeres have a function in the ageing process.

By using this technique, we demonstrated that the telomere G - tail length of leukocytes is significantly correlated with endothelial function and severity of ARWMCs,» said Professor Hidetoshi Tahara, a principal investigator of this study at the Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hiroshima University.

Viral integration into telomeres can disrupt chromosome function and spark a plethora of complications, including cancers, says Steven Jacobson, chief of viral immunology at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, who was not involved in the work.

Nevertheless, it provides initial evidence for the association of telomere G - tail length with aging, endothelial function, and ARWMCs in patients with vascular risk factors.

And without knowing tankyrase's exact function, it's «too early to tell whether [the enzyme] is a good target for drug discovery,» cautions telomere expert Calvin Harley of Geron Corp. in Menlo Park, California.

Previous studies have linked telomeres to the function of mitochondria (essential cell organelles that act as cellular power plants) and vice versa.

If we introduced stem cells with nice, long telomeres in the first place, we could let them wind down and eventually be lost to apoptosis, senescence, or other sources of damage — and just top our tissues up with more stem cells before enough of those cells were lost to begin to impair tissue function.

So we might just be able to deal with cell loss if we had a sufficiently sophisticated program of stem cell replenishment — using cells engineered to lack the one linchpin function for cancer, namely telomere elongation.

«There is no reason to suppose any connection between centromeres and telomeres in function, in time of action, or in sequence,» he says.

Each time a cell divides, the telomere gets shorter, but its function had long been unclear.

This continuous reduction of telomere length functions as a «molecular clock» that counts down to the end of cell growth.

By specifically targeting the pause signal that prevents restarting DNA repeat synthesis, telomerase enzymatic function can be supercharged to better stave off telomere length reduction, with the potential to rejuvenate aging human adult stem cells.

James Christiansen, professor of biology at Drake University in DesMoines, is studying how telomeres, the simple, non-genetic DNAsequences that sheathe the ends of chromosomes, function in reptiles.Each time a healthy human cell divides, it loses a little bit of thetelomere, until the strands are too short to protect the chromosomes.At that point the DNA in a cell begins to break down, which triggerssenescence and death.

In order to study the relationship between telomeres and liver damage, the researchers generated a mouse line deficient in TRF1 protein in the liver, thus leaving the telomeres in hepatic cells unprotected and compromising their function.

This was a key finding, as telomeres serve important functions in cell division and protecting mammalian chromosomes.

Telomere dysfunction — alterations in the structure and / or functioning of telomeres — is one of the molecular mechanisms underlying a number of age - related diseases but, to date, little is known about its possible role in pathologies of the liver such as cirrhosis, hepatitis and liver cancer.

Telomeres are essential for chromosome stability, but their functions at specific cell - cycle stages are unknown.

Studies in the last two decades revealed that telomeres and telomerase have dual functions in suppressing and facilitating tumorigenesis: In the adult human, the activity of telomerase is mostly restricted to the stem cells and is absent from the vast majority of human cells.

They also measured HDL cholesterol, cardiorespiratory fitness, lung function and the length of the telomeres — protective caps at the end of chromosomes that have been found to shorten with age.

In this context, telomerase activity can have unfavorable effects: «We found that this enzyme allows cells with aneuploidy to bypass the protective function of telomeres.

How does telomerase manage to bypass the protective function of telomeres?

However, cells with too short telomeres can lose capping function leading to a cellular catastrophe and genetic instability: the origin of many cancer types.

«This suggests different functions of RITS proteins at centromeres vs telomeres,» says Joshua - Tor.

«RITS might be exerting its effect at centromeres through Ago1 and the RNAi machinery, but might enforcing its function at the telomeres through Chp1 and its PIN domain.»

U. Biswas, M. Stevense, and R. Jessberger SMC1α Substitutes for Many Meiotic Functions of SMC1β but Can not Protect Telomeres from Damage.

TRF2 (Telomerase Repeat binding Factor - 2), an important shelterin component, not only protects the telomere [5, 6] but also exhibits extra-telomeric functions [7, 8].

Adjunct Director at the Institute of Molecular Biology will continue to investigate the structure and function of telomeres...

We also identified a «meditation effect» within the regular meditator group, characterized by a distinct network of genes with cellular functions that may be relevant to healthy aging, and this network was associated with increased expression of a number of telomere maintenance pathway genes and an increase in measured telomerase enzymatic activity.

Accelerated telomere erosion is associated with a declining immune function of caregivers of Alzheimer's disease patients.

Impaired functioning of telomeres can lead to genomic instability, and so to cancer, as well as accelerate the aging process.

The method by which telomerase and associated regulatory factors physically interact and function with each other to maintain appropriate telomere length is poorly understood.

Linkage on cp26 of a gene such as ospC, which is needed only during a brief phase of the infectious cycle, with a gene encoding a presumably essential housekeeping function, such as telomere resolution, assures retention of a critical trait during extended periods in which it confers no selective advantage.

Further understanding of the DNA damage checkpoints induced by telomere dysfunction during aging will lend support to develop therapeutic approaches to slow down aging process and improve old organ functions.

This exhaustion of proliferative potential, called senescence, can be triggered when telomeres — the ends of linear chromosomes - can not fulfil their normal protective functions.

Telomere dysfunction induces environmental alterations limiting hematopoietic stem cell function and engraftment.

Although these structures function in important biological processes (e.g. transcriptional regulation, telomere maintenance etc.), they have also been shown to induce DNA mutations.

Telomere shortening induces cell intrinsic DNA damage checkpoints and cell extrinsic alterations that impair the stem cell function and maintenance during aging of telomere dysfunctionTelomere shortening induces cell intrinsic DNA damage checkpoints and cell extrinsic alterations that impair the stem cell function and maintenance during aging of telomere dysfunctiontelomere dysfunctional mice.

Telomere dysfunction induces environmental defects limiting hematopoietic stem cell function and engraftment.

This little - heralded, meticulous investigation into the effects of ablation of the telomerase catalytic subunit in mice with human - like telomeres provides us with strong reassurance that, should it prove to be the preferred approach for implementing the OncoSENS strategy, the effects of knocking out TERT would be limited to those dictated by the loss of telomere - lengthening per se, and would not lead to an unintentional loss of some essential but hitherto - unknown phsyiological function.

The strongest challenge to this approach, granting the periodic replenishment of somatic stem - cell pools with autologous but OncoSENS - ready stem cells, has been the possible existence of functions of TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase — the catalytic subunit of telomerase), other than the lengthening of telomeres itself.