Sentences with phrase «temperature and salinity»

Argo is a network of over 3000 floats scattered across the globe that measure temperature and salinity of the upper ocean.

Meridional Overturning Circulation includes the action of wind, as well as density changes through differences in temperature and salinity in order to drive the ocean currents.

Marine biologist Mikael Sejr from Aarhus University measures temperature and salinity in Young Sound, Northeast Greenland, for the GEM database.

By next year, the Argo project will have installed 3,000 floating sensors across all the oceans, offering a daily snapshot of global patterns of water temperature and salinity — crucial for predicting the nature and pace of climate change.

A recent study, published in Geophysical Research Letters, combined sea level and gravity from satellites with ocean temperature and salinity data to spatially extrapolate heat and freshwater transport anomalies at the RAPID array and examine their source.

In Australia's Great Barrier Reef (GBF), the 1998 El Nino induced above average sea surface temperatures and salinity changes for 2 months triggering massive coral losses in the reef's upper 20 meters.

These advances include the near - global three - dimensional sampling by the Argo array of temperature and salinity profiling floats and spaceborne measurements of sea surface salinity using the European Space Agency's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) spacecraft and NASA's Aquarius mission aboard the Argentine SAC - D spacecraft (which ceased operations in June 2015).

Because the ocean is made up of many layers of water that are dependent on temperature and salinity, water moves easily along horizontal or «isopycnal» layers, but mixes only slowly across the layers, known as «diapycnal» mixing.

density differences in water masses caused by temperature and salinity variations....

Long continuous records of temperature and salinity at Ocean Weather Station M in the Norwegian Sea indicate that the deep water has also warmed noticeably.

These currents are driven by winds, ocean temperature and salinity differences, and are efficient at distributing heat and carbon around the globe.

In a bid to improve information about ocean warming trends, scientists have deployed robot floats — part of the international Argo measuring system — that record temperatures and salinity to depths of 2,000 metres.

Moreover, warm ocean features, mainly anticyclonic rings and eddies, are characterized by a deepening of the isotherms towards their centers with a markedly different temperature and salinity structure than the surrounding waters.

If all future Argo floats were of the Deep Argo variety, in five or ten years we would know as much about the deep ocean's temperature and salinity structure as we currently know about the surface.

Eugene Domack of Hamilton College and his colleagues studied six sediment cores collected from the area around the ice shelf as well as other data, such as temperature and salinity measurements of the Weddell Sea.

The result of this program is a massive amount of high - quality, high - resolution data for temperature and salinity in the surface and intermediate ocean.

A single profile of temperature and salinity from an ice - tethered profile (ITP - 74) off Siberia in July 2014.

The water within an eddy usually has different temperature and salinity characteristics compared with the water outside of the eddy.

The marine temperature and salinity record at Utö Deep dates back to 1900, being one of the longest in the whole Baltic Sea.

Expansion of the existing observing system to better capture the deep ocean and to better quantify the role of deep temperature and salinity signals in contributing to AMOC variability continues to be a priority.

Knowledge of BP is also useful in estimating deep - ocean HC changes when upper - ocean temperature and salinity fields (e.g., from Argo floats) are available.

Preparing for this all friday (Mar. - 24), we deploy 22 sensors on a kevlar line of which 20 record internally and must be recovered while 2 connect via cables to the weather station to report ocean temperature and salinity along with winds and air temperatures.

The Arctic Ocean's surface temperature and salinity vary seasonally as the ice cover melts and freezes; [4] its salinity is the lowest on average of the five major oceans, due to low evaporation, heavy fresh water inflow from rivers and streams, and limited connection and outflow to surrounding oceanic waters with higher salinities.

Better characterize the deep ocean to quantify the role of deep temperature and salinity signals that contribute to AMOC variability through enhancements to the observing system that directly measure deep ocean properties (temperature, salinity, and velocity) such as Deep Argo, Deep gliders, and moored instrumentation.

OVERVIEW Before the ARGO floats were deployed, there were so few temperature and salinity observations at depths below 700 meters that the NODC does not present ocean heat content data during that period for depths of 0 - 2000 meters on an annual basis.

As such it is the principal route for propagation and diffusion of temperature and salinity anomalies in the ocean.

Subsurface temperature and salinity measurements are the only possibility to describe the internal distribution of density.

The combined changes in temperature and salinity increased the solubility of CO2, causing a depletion in atmospheric CO2 of perhaps 30 ppm.

The combination of the water's temperature and salinity determines whether it rises to the surface, sinks to the bottom, or stays at some intermediate depth.

The small thermal energy extractions that occur in the OTEC plant are neglected so temperature and salinity characteristics in the effluent are determined from simple mixing models.

The main scientific challenges concern the estimate of the gas transfer velocity parameter (derivation, uncertainties, sensitivity) and the quantification of the impact of biological slicks, rainfall, sea surface temperature and salinity variability on the air - sea CO2 flux.

A new analysis of sea surface temperature and salinity over several decades seeks to settle the debate on which of two mechanisms underlies the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation.

The scientists extracted data about temperature and salinity data — factors that influence ocean current strength — from ocean - dwelling microorganisms called foraminifera preserved in the sediments.

«And the question we decided to ask was what can those reconstructions of temperature and salinity tell us about the greater Atlantic Ocean surface circulation.»

Unfortunately, the water's temperature and salinity provide a perfect incubator for cholera bacteria, and a disease never recorded before in Haiti has now attacked 700,000 people and killed 8500.

Currently, the floats are primarily used to collect temperature and salinity data, but the technology exists to test oxygen levels and acidity as well, he said.

On the 10th day it sinks to 2,000 meters and then rises straight up, sensing temperature and salinity along its ascent.

«Larvae often accumulate in small - scale features such as ocean fronts, where temperature and salinity vary at small distances.

In addition, this trawl net, known as SUIT (Surface and Under Ice Trawl) is equipped with a camera and various other equipment for measuring ice thickness, temperature and salinity beneath the ice.

«This program has probably contributed more oceanographic temperature and salinity profiles from remote reaches of the Southern Ocean than ever before,» Fedak says.

The new findings of successful multi-year drought / fire predictions are based on a series of computer modeling experiments, using the state - of - the - art earth system model, the most detailed data on current ocean temperature and salinity conditions, and the climate responses to natural and human - linked radiative forcing.

Invasions are also more likely if the start point is in warm water, which usually contains more species, and if the water at both ports is of similar temperature and salinity.

If a layer of warm, salty water lies above a layer of colder, fresher water, the heat and salt will tend to diffuse (spread out) downwards to make a single layer with intermediate temperature and salinity values.

These density changes give rise to specific water masses, which have well - defined temperature and salinity characteristics, and which can be traced for long distances in the ocean.

This understanding is likely to grow dramatically: since 2000 or so, scientists have deployed some 3,500 autonomous Argo floats, which measure ocean temperature and salinity automatically and continuously — a much more reliable set of records than you can get from ships.

The diversity of organisms is lower in the inner shelf lagoon which is characterized by slightly murky, sluggish water that is susceptible to considerable seasonal temperature and salinity changes, and a muddier bottom supporting seagrass beds but rarely any corals or calcareous algae.