Sentences with phrase «temperature changes within»

The irregularity of the temperature changes within those main background trends can not have been anything to do with humanity and can adequately be catered for by varying oceanic effects on multidecadal time scales.

«Science has been telling us that what we predict for temperature changes within the Earth should agree with what the seismic waves are telling us.

A team of scientists using an innovative fiber - optic cable — based technology has measured temperature changes within and below the ice over 14 months.

Some fraction of that may (depending on the distribution of temperature change within the stratosphere and the optical thicknesses) be transferred to the TRPP forcing, reducing the TRPP forcing that the surface + troposphere must respond to.

That we face a future in which the carbon concentration rises above any plausibly safe level (it will, and quite soon) and must work to ensure that it subsequently peaks, and then drops back, far enough and fast enough to keep total global temperature change within manageable limits.

From the «contained mass», where pressure and temperature change within the fixed volume of a «pressure cooker», to the «free» atmospheric «parcel» that is lossy for mass!

Not exact matches

How is it that if the temperature of the planet changes a couple of degrees, still well within its recent historical range, it's a catastrophe.

As you get close to ovulating, your basal body temperature is likely to drop ever so slightly before sharply spiking upward - this change in temperature indicates that ovulation has occurred, and should happen within 12 hours of ovulation.

In turn, the MIT allows dramatic nonmagnetic control of the coercivity, which changes by several hundred percent within a narrow 10 K temperature range, unlike any other known magnetic material.

These events took place within millennia — fairly quickly, on a climatic time scale — and resulted in changes of up to 10 degrees Celsius in mean annual temperatures.

But within these long periods there have been abrupt climate changes, sometimes happening in the space of just a few decades, with variations of up to 10ºC in the average temperature in the polar regions caused by changes in the Atlantic ocean circulation.

Most of the hydrate should remain stable within the recorded temperature changes, Hutnak says, but if the hydrates are disrupted in another way, «it might be enough to push it them over the edge.»

Temperature changed rapidly, in some cases at the rate of 5 to 10 degrees Celsius (about 40 to 50 degrees Fahrenheit) within several decades.

These events are characterized by drastic temperature changes of up to 15 °C within a few decades in the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere.

Scientists believe they have discovered the reason behind mysterious changes to the climate that saw temperatures fluctuate by up to 15 °C within just a few decades during the ice age periods.

The same body temperature changes were observed in all participants within each trial regardless of sex.

He noted that the average global temperature compared with the early 1900s is now expected to increase by 1.5 degrees Celsius within the next 15 to 35 years, which he called «a tipping point» toward aggressive climate change.

By looking at the larger data sets, researchers working on this study could examine individual species and groups of species within a geographic region, the temperature range inhabited by each species or species group, and the impact of temperature changes over time.

Birch showed how the stiffness of rocks changes under the extreme conditions of pressure and temperature deep within planets, as well as with chemical composition.

The committee has prepared a report that, in my view, provides policy makers and the scientific community with a critical view of surface temperature reconstructions and how they are evolving over time, as well as a good sense of how important our understanding of the paleoclimate temperature record is within the overall state of scientific knowledge on global climate change.

An international deal to combat climate change is meant to be agreed in December but a meeting in Bonn, Germany, last week ended with little progress toward an agreement to keep average temperature rises within 2C.

Alexander F. Goncharov's analyzes materials under extreme conditions such as high pressure and temperature using optical spectroscopy and other techniques to understand how matter fundamentally changes, the chemical processes occurring deep within planets, including Earth, and to understand and...

The last instance of rapid climate change was 10,000 year ago at the end of the Younger Dryas, when the temperature in Greenland leapt by 20C within three years [Richard Alley, The Two Mile Time Machine] That is rapid climate change, and that is fact not a climate model.

Also about the ice - albedo feedback within 1K temperature oscillation the albedo will change of, let us say, 10 %, so for an increase of 1K the albedo will decrease from A = 0.3 to A = 0.27.

Since the IPCC contends that all emissions scenarios are equally likely, there should be equal likelihood that the rate of temperature change should fall within either of the two ranges I just defined.

Changes in current direction or temperature within the water column, for example, may correlate to changes in biological productivity or weather paChanges in current direction or temperature within the water column, for example, may correlate to changes in biological productivity or weather pachanges in biological productivity or weather patterns.

For example, with changes in temperature and precipitation, ecosystems within Montana may shift to drier conditions resulting in changes to vegetation types.

For the world to reach the necessary ambition to achieve our climate commitments under the Paris Agreement, which would keep average global temperature rises well below 2 °C and even 1.5 °C, the EU, led by the European Commission, must start supporting efforts to tackle vested interests within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).

Based on regional studies, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimated that 20 — 30 % of the world's species are likely to be at increasingly high risk of extinction from climate change impacts within this century if global mean temperatures exceed 2 — 3 °C above pre-industrial levels [6], while Thomas et al. [5] predicted that 15 — 37 % of species could be «committed to extinction» due to climate change byChange (IPCC) estimated that 20 — 30 % of the world's species are likely to be at increasingly high risk of extinction from climate change impacts within this century if global mean temperatures exceed 2 — 3 °C above pre-industrial levels [6], while Thomas et al. [5] predicted that 15 — 37 % of species could be «committed to extinction» due to climate change bychange impacts within this century if global mean temperatures exceed 2 — 3 °C above pre-industrial levels [6], while Thomas et al. [5] predicted that 15 — 37 % of species could be «committed to extinction» due to climate change bychange by 2050.

Some things are changing faster (Arctic ice, greenland & Antarctic melt, wildfires and heat waves perhaps), some things are within what was expected (temperatures, rainfall), and a few things might not have changed as quickly as expected (though I can't think of any).

Mike Wallace's talk was about the «National Research Council Report on the «Hockey Stick Controversy»... The charge to the committee, was «to summarize current information on the temperature records for the past millennium, describe the main areas of uncertainty and how significant they are, describe the principal methodologies used and any problems with these approaches, and explain how central is the debate over the paleoclimate record within the overall state of knowledge on global climate change.»

With fall changing the colors of the leaves and dropping the temperatures, it was time for me to make some clean and refreshing changes within my space as well.

Allowing the engine to idle lets the engine «warm down» thus controlling the rate at which temperature change happens within the engine.

Fish are more stressed and susceptible to disease when exposed to a higher or lower than usual temperature for an extended period of time, or when exposed to a temperature change greater than 2 to 3 degrees within a 24 - hour period.

The seasonal sea temperature changes caused by the summer Monsoon and rich marine food supplies (Sardines & Euphasids) enables both breeding and feeding within the same body of water.

However, there are various other plausible explanations, for example: — changes in US temperatures since the 1930s / 1940s show regional variation within the overall warming trend at those latitudes; — actually I'm struggling to think of any others, apart from inaccuracies in the US temperature record but these have tended to point the other way.

Since the IPCC contends that all emissions scenarios are equally likely, there should be equal likelihood that the rate of temperature change should fall within either of the two ranges I just defined.

The last instance of rapid climate change was 10,000 year ago at the end of the Younger Dryas, when the temperature in Greenland leapt by 20C within three years [Richard Alley, The Two Mile Time Machine] That is rapid climate change, and that is fact not a climate model.

A lot of reseach energy is being devoted to the study of Methane Clathrates — a huge source of greenhouse gases which could be released from the ocean if the thermocline (the buoyant stable layer of warm water which overlies the near - freezing deep ocean) dropped in depth considerably (due to GHG warming), or especially if the deep ocean waters were warmed by very, very extreme changes from the current climate, such that deep water temperatures no longer hovered within 4C of freezing, but warmed to something like 18C.

See the GISP2 Ice core charts of temperature for the last 10,000 years -LRB-- data available at WDC) where it shows that the normal cooling and warming mode is for a rapid temperature change of 1.5 to 2 degrees within a few hundred years.

That you would win if temperature changes were 1.6 (twice his estimate, but within the IPCC range) seems a little perverse.

Within the troposphere and between that and the surface, convection (and at the surface, conduction and molecular mass diffusion) are also important — these also respond to changes in temperature so that an imbalance causes a temperature change that causes the imbalance to decay.

Temperature tends to respond so that, depending on optical properties, LW emission will tend to reduce the vertical differential heating by cooling warmer parts more than cooler parts (for the surface and atmosphere); also (not significant within the atmosphere and ocean in general, but significant at the interface betwen the surface and the air, and also significant (in part due to the small heat fluxes involved, viscosity in the crust and somewhat in the mantle (where there are thick boundary layers with superadiabatic lapse rates) and thermal conductivity of the core) in parts of the Earth's interior) temperature changes will cause conduction / diffusion of heat that partly balances the differentiTemperature tends to respond so that, depending on optical properties, LW emission will tend to reduce the vertical differential heating by cooling warmer parts more than cooler parts (for the surface and atmosphere); also (not significant within the atmosphere and ocean in general, but significant at the interface betwen the surface and the air, and also significant (in part due to the small heat fluxes involved, viscosity in the crust and somewhat in the mantle (where there are thick boundary layers with superadiabatic lapse rates) and thermal conductivity of the core) in parts of the Earth's interior) temperature changes will cause conduction / diffusion of heat that partly balances the differentitemperature changes will cause conduction / diffusion of heat that partly balances the differential heating.

(Within the range where water vapor feedback is runaway, zero change in external forcing»cause s» a large change in climate; the equilibrium surface temperature, graphed over some measure of external forcing, takes a step at some particular value.)

Many different models have now demonstrated that our understanding of current forcings, long - term observations of the land surface and ocean temperature changes and the canonical estimates of climate forcing are all consistent within the uncertainties.

Keeping within a sufficiently small range of wavelengths that the effects discussed in 438 can be set aside, What such band widenning would do, without a surface temperature increase, is simply increase the range of wavelengths at which the same temperature variation accomplishes the same spectral fluxes through the band, thus not changing OLR within the band — the warming that results from such band - widenning should thus tend to increase the OLR within the band.

The lapse rate within the troposphere is largely determined by convection, which redistributes any changes in radiative heating or cooling within the troposphere + surface so that all levels tend to shift temperature similarly (with some regional / latitudinal, diurnal, and seasonal exceptions, and some exceptions for various transient weather events).

The ability of a band to shape the temperature profile of the whole atmosphere should tend to be maximum at intermediate optical thicknesses (for a given band width), because at small optical thicknesses, the amounts of emission and absorption within any layer will be small relative to what happens in other bands, while at large optical thicknesses, the net fluxes will tend to go to zero (except near TOA and, absent convection, the surface) and will be insensitive to changes in the temperature profile (except near TOA), thus allowing other bands greater control over the temperature profile (depending on wavelength — greater influence for bands with larger bandwidths at wavelengths closer to the peak wavelength — which will depend on temperature and thus vary with height.

(The PR from a layer will tend to be more evenly distributed between going out the top and out the bottom if either the change in temperature is evenly distributed within the layer, or if the layer has significant but not large optical thickness over a portion of the spectrum (weighted by the Planck function (s) for the temperature (s) involved) considerably greater than any portion where the optical thickness is large.)

Re 392 Chris Dudley — I don't understand what you mean by R ^ 2T ^ 4 — and there should be something about how optical depth is proportional to R, and also, if you're going a significant distance toward the center of such an object, there is the issue of spherical geometry; if the optical thickness is large enough across small changes in radius, then you don't need to account for the spherical geometry in the calculation of the flux per unit area as a function of the temperature profile and optical thickness; however, the flux per unit area outward will drop as an inverse square, except of course within the layers that are being heated through a different process (SW heating for a planet, radioactivity, latent and sensible heat loss associated with a cooling interior, gravitational potential energy conversion to enthalpy via compression (adiabatic warming) and settling of denser material under gravity (the later both leads to compression via increased pressure via increased gravity within the interior, and also is a source of kinetic energy which can be converted to heat)...