Sentences with phrase «temperature estimates used»

Specifically, the global temperature estimates used by the IPCC did suggest that there had been a 10 - 15 year «pause» in global warming, and the climate models used by the IPCC had not predicted that!

Our «Urbanization Bias» papers show that the global temperature estimates used by the IPCC are strongly biased by urbanization, particularly since the mid-20th century (summary here).

The global temperature estimates used for the IPCC WG1 5th Assessment Report.

Not exact matches

Even the most optimistic estimates of the effects of contemporary fossil fuel use suggest that mean global temperature will rise by a minimum of 2 °C before the end of this century and that CO2 emissions will affect climate for tens of thousands of years.

IPCC estimates, using the best and longest record available, show that the difference between the 1986 - 2005 global average temperature value used in most of the Panel's projections, and pre-industrial global average temperature, is 0.61 °C (0.55 - 0.67).

The World Bank estimates that over the next 15 years, the global economy will require $ 89 trillion in infrastructure investments across cities, energy and land - use systems, and $ 4.1 trillion in incremental investment for the low - carbon transition to keep within the internationally agreed limit of a 2 - degree - Celsius temperature rise.

Using temperature loggers to estimate metabolic rates, he has seen only a gradual decline in metabolic rates in summer as food gets tougher to find.

So using both land - use and temperature information from satellites, Xiao and his team could track the spread of the flu by estimating where the birds would be.

The team used real - time seasonal rainfall, temperature and El Niño forecasts, issued at the start of the year, combined with data from active surveillance studies, in a probabilistic model of dengue epidemics to produce robust dengue risk estimates for the entire year.

Since climate in a specific region is affected by the rest of Earth, atmospheric conditions such as temperature and moisture at the region's boundary are estimated by using other sources such as GCMs or reanalysis data.

To assess how future heat waves might affect air travel, researchers used climate models to estimate hour - by - hour temperatures throughout the year at 19 particularly busy airports in the United States, Europe, the Middle East, China, and South Asia for the period between 2060 and 2080.

For nighttime estimates, they used midnight, when temperatures are coolest.

They range from LANDSAT images of land use in the Chesapeake Basin, to fish catches off California since the 1920s, to 400,000 years of global temperature estimates from antarctic ice cores.

To estimate the temperature at various depths (from 3,500 m to 9,500 m depth) the researchers have used the heat flow and temperatures at 1,000 m and 2,000 m provided in the Atlas of Geothermal Resources in Europe, as well as thermal data of the land surface available from NASA.

She discovered that, when grouped, fish are able to estimate subtle nuances, such as changes in water temperature, salinity or concentration and use such metrics to decide, together, on the best path.

In his new paper, Lovejoy applies the same approach to the 15 - year period after 1998, during which globally averaged temperatures remained high by historical standards, but were somewhat below most predictions generated by the complex computer models used by scientists to estimate the effects of greenhouse - gas emissions.

Estimates of data like temperature and wind velocity also had to be used in some border areas, which were under control of FARC (the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia) and were not easily accessible for measurements, he adds.

The study establishes a method for estimating UHI intensities using PRISM — Parameter - elevation Relationships on Independent Slopes Model — climate data, an analytical model that creates gridded estimates by incorporating climatic variables (temperature and precipitation), expert knowledge of climatic events (rain shadows, temperature inversions and coastal regimes) and digital elevation.

Using infrared in near darkness through very little atmosphere, the team received data enabling it for the first time to estimate the surface temperatures over the planet's night side.

Rather than using complex computer models to estimate the effects of greenhouse - gas emissions, Lovejoy examines historical data to assess the competing hypothesis: that warming over the past century is due to natural long - term variations in temperature.

Executive Summary The Berkeley Earth Surface Temperature project was created to make the best possible estimate of global temperature change using as complete a record of measurements as possible and by applying novel methods for the estimation and elimination of systemaTemperature project was created to make the best possible estimate of global temperature change using as complete a record of measurements as possible and by applying novel methods for the estimation and elimination of systematemperature change using as complete a record of measurements as possible and by applying novel methods for the estimation and elimination of systematic biases.

By using all the data and new statistical approaches that can handle short records, and by using novel approaches to estimation and avoidance of systematic biases, we expect to improve on the accuracy of the estimate of the Earth's temperature change.

The project, called Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO), uses observational data — including ocean surface topography, surface wind stress, temperature, salinity profiles and velocity data — collected between June 2005 and December 2007.

They estimated that land - use changes in the continental United States since the 1960s have resulted in a rise in the mean surface temperature of 0.25 degree Fahrenheit, a figure Kalnay says «is at least twice as high as previous estimates based on urbanization alone.»

Thomas estimated that the average time spent in the water for most of the New Year's Day attendees is 2 or 3 minutes, although Polar Bear Club members who are more used to the cold stay in for about 10 minutes, «regardless of the temperature,» he said.

Global surface temperatures in 2016 averaged 14.8 degrees Celsius (58.64 °F), or 1.3 C (2.3 F) higher than estimated before the Industrial Revolution ushered in wide use of fossil fuels, the EU body said.

Researchers can also estimate temperature and precipitation in that ancestor's habitat, using evolutionary models.

As a baseline for estimating temperature - related deaths, they used the 1980s, when an estimated 370 Manhattanites died from overheating, and 340 died from cold.

A global team of scientists, led by those at the University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, used two different simulation methods and one statistical method to predict the impact of rising temperatures on global wheat production, and all came to similar estimates.

Currently, the most common practices for estimating sex ratios from nesting beaches use nest temperature, beach temperatures, or incubation duration and empirically derived relationships from laboratory data.

Starting in the late 1990s, scientists began using sophisticated methods to combine proxy evidence from many different locations in an effort to estimate surface temperature changes during the last few hundred to few thousand years.

Using methods that allow them to estimate the average stellar illumination and temperatures on their surfaces, scientists have already identified dozens of locations where life could potentially exist.

The authors used a new methodology to combine data from a number of sources to estimate temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere for the last six centuries and later for the last 1,000 years.

Using detailed production data from a half - million Chinese manufacturing plants in the period 1998 - 2007, the research team estimated the effects of temperature on firm - level productivity, factor inputs and output.

That study addressed a puzzle, namely that recent studies using the observed changes in Earth's surface temperature suggested climate sensitivity is likely towards the lower end of the estimated range.

They used some crude estimates of «climate sensitivity» and estimates of Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) to calculate temperature signal (in form of anomalies).

Milloy and Monckton (whoever they are) have used the S - B formula to provide a decent «back of the envelope» estimate to the temperature increase in response to more CO2.

[Response: The study quoted uses the difference between the weather models and the mostly independent surface temperature record to estimate a residual trend.

In it they extend the idea mentioned above of using wind shear as a check on the temperature trends and come up with a another new estimate of the changes.

By using mutual climatic range methods, the thermal climate of the early phase of the Eemian Interglacial has been estimated quantitatively, showing that mean July temperatures were about 4Â °C above those of southern England today.

GISS produces two estimates — the met station index (which does not cover a lot of the oceans), and a land - ocean index (which uses satellite ocean temperature changes in addition to the met stations).

We measure equivalent widths of spectral features, derive calibration relations using stars with interferometric measurements, and estimate stellar radii, effective temperatures, masses, and luminosities for the K2 planet hosts.

To account for changes in observation times, the RSS group used a number of different approaches and models to try and estimate what the temperature would have been if the measurement time remained constant.

Some studies have attempted to estimate the statistical relationship between temperature and global sea level seen in the period for which tide gauge records exist (the last 2 - 3 centuries) and then, using geological reconstructions of past temperature changes, extrapolate backward («hindcast») past sea - level changes.

This involves a combination of satellite observations (when different satellites captured temperatures in both morning and evening), the use of climate models to estimate how temperatures change in the atmosphere over the course of the day, and using reanalysis data that incorporates readings from surface observations, weather balloons and other instruments.

-- He then uses really low estimates of Solar Cycle 24 and 25 to «predict» future world temperatures.

Here we use basin - scale climate indices and regional surface temperatures to estimate loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) nesting at a variety of spatial and temporal scales.

He estimates the heat capacity of the global climate system, and uses historical temperature data to estimate the «characteristic timescale» of temperature change.

To estimate how hot conditions felt, the researchers used a metric called wet bulb globe temperature.

Gregory et al. (2002) used observed interior - ocean temperature changes, surface temperature changes measured since 1860, and estimates of anthropogenic and natural radiative forcing of the climate system to estimate its climate sensitivity.