Sentences with phrase «temperature observations at»

Before the ARGO floats were deployed starting in the early 2000s, the temperature observations at depth were so sparse that the data has to be taken with more than a grain of salt, especially when dealing with the data below 700 meters.

A reasonable interpretation of this result is that whatever urban influence exists on temperature observations at the Observatory Hill site (which is in a part of Sydney that was heavily built up) was already fully developed by 1910.

Nick, I can show you findings from a paper rejected for publication last week, showing that the temperature observations at Sydney Observatory and a dozen more Australian sites are explainable without any need to invoke global warming in Australia.

Using data collected by Environment Canada, several BC ministries, RioTinto Alcan, and BC Hydro, PCIC scientists have recently constructed monthly maps for departures in precipitation and temperature observations at weather stations throughout BC, for the period of 1972 to the present.

Not exact matches

Robert Goddard in 1920 was the first to describe what a heat shield was based upon observations of meteors and their core temperature however it took 31 more years for the heat shield to be developed by H. Julian Allen at the Ames Research Center.

The sad observation that, «All my starters might start different, but they all become alike» could be because when you keep them at the same temperature, nd you feed them the same flour the same way, the same set of organisms could well take over all your cultures.

For certain lots, he says, his scientific observations have led him to ferment at a lower temperature than he used to.

Experiments conducted in 1992 using NASA's Cosmic Background Explorer provided the first images of the temperature variations, and later observations from other instruments hinted at the presence of a peak.

Laboratory studies suggest that explosive development of ice crystals can occur in these conditions, at temperatures between -4 and -8 degrees Celsius, and this «rime - splintering» mechanism is often invoked to explain past observations of the rapid development of large numbers of ice crystals in cumuli.

The controversial observation could be explained by the mission's previous discovery of perchlorate salts in the soil, since the salts can keep water liquid at sub-zero temperatures.

The COS observations measured the temperature of the gas in the bubble at approximately 17,700 degrees Fahrenheit.

What is more, because Jupiter's microwave emissions vary in wavelength based on the pressure (as well as temperature) of the atmospheric layers where they originate, observations at multiple wavelengths allow researchers to create a cross-section through the atmosphere.

Polar satellites, which orbit the earth from pole to pole at an altitude of approximately 515 miles, give closer, more detailed observations of the temperature and humidity of different layers of the atmosphere.

Further observations by lead researcher Cheng - Jiun Ma provided the critical clue: The temperatures of the constituent gas clouds — whose collective mass far outweighs the galaxies — suggested that the researchers were looking at multiple clusters colliding.

It thrives at low temperatures — a trait that fit with Hicks's observation that only hibernating bats seemed to be affected by the disease, which came to be known as white - nose syndrome.

Materials known to exist at Pluto's surface from ground - based spectroscopic observations include highly volatile cryogenic ices of N2 and CO, along with somewhat less volatile CH4 ice, as well as H2O and C2H6 ices and more complex tholins that are inert at Pluto surface temperatures.

The researchers looked at real - world observations and confirmed that this temperature pattern does correspond with the double - peaked jet stream and waveguide patter associated with persistent extreme weather events in the late spring and summer such as droughts, floods and heat waves.

Using updated and corrected temperature observations taken at thousands of weather observing stations over land and as many commercial ships and buoys at sea, the researchers show that temperatures in the 21st century did not plateau, as thought.

This does not correlate with Dr. Dan Lunt's observations at Bristol University that 3 million years ago, the CO2 was 340 — 400 ppm and the temperature was 2 — 3 deg warmer.

Instrumental observations over the past 157 years show that temperatures at the surface have risen globally, with important regional variations.

The S&W temperature peaks at 0.3 K in 1960, and diverge significantly from the observations.

We argue that KELT - 18b's high temperature and low surface gravity, which yield an estimated ~ 600 km atmospheric scale height, combined with its hot, bright host make it an excellent candidate for observations aimed at atmospheric characterization.

Field observations of microbes recovered from deep drill cores, deep mines, and the ocean floor, coupled with laboratory investigations, reveal that microbial life can exist at conditions of extreme temperatures (to above 110ºC) and pressures (to > 10,000 atmospheres) previous thought impossible.

Most of the focus has been on the global mean temperature trend in the models and observations (it would certainly be worthwhile to look at some more subtle metrics — rainfall, latitudinal temperature gradients, Hadley circulation etc. but that's beyond the scope of this post).

Unlike the satellite temperature record, where only a few satellites are measuring temperatures at any given point of time, there is a large amount of redundancy in surface temperature observations, with multiple

However, we also specifically show how high - contrast AO and speckle imaging observations detect companions at larger separations ($ \ theta \ geq $ 0.02 - 0.05») that are missed by the spectroscopic technique, provide additional information for characterizing the companion and its potential contamination (e.g., PA, separation, $ \ Delta $ m), and cover a wider range of primary star effective temperatures.

The series of radio observations measured the temperature of the star's atmosphere at different heights.

In a modern context I quantify to what degree far - field observations constrain ocean diagnostics of interest, such as the subsurface temperature at Greenland's outlet glaciers.

However, a slight offset between the periods of the temperature and LED modulations lends to the possibility that the effect is a chance observation of the two sinusoids at an unfortunate point in their beat cycle.

This method tries to maximize using pure observations to find the temperature change and the forcing (you might need a model to constrain some of the forcings, but there's a lot of uncertainty about how the surface and atmospheric albedo changed during glacial times... a lot of studies only look at dust and not other aerosols, there is a lot of uncertainty about vegetation change, etc).

The observations made possible by the band 9 receivers allow astronomers to study molecular clouds — the dense regions of gas and dust where new stars are being born — at higher temperatures and densities, and with higher angular resolution, thus complementing the longer wavelength bands.

This recommendation is based on the observation that most fish oil capsules are stored at room temperature and the oil may go rancid without you knowing it.

Think about what you already know about weather, look at weather forecasts and video your own school weather forecasts; do weather observations and make collages about the seasons; have fun with shadows; make a class weather station that can measure rainfall, wind direction and temperature.

You can also account for possible errors in the amplitudes of the external forcing and the model response by scaling the signal patterns to best match the observations without influencing the attribution from fingerprinting methods, and this provides a more robust framework for attributing signals than simply looking at the time history of global temperature in models and obs and seeing if they match up or not.

The study starts with observations of eroding ice sheets spreading, cooler freshwater at both ends of the planet and geological hints of tempestuous conditions toward the end of the Eemian, that last interval between ice ages when global temperatures and seas were higher than now.

In some cases, reviewers and / or editors supportive of mainstream views totally block important papers from being published; McKitrick, McIntyre and Herman had to completely rewrite their recent paper — showing that high tropical tropospheric temperature trends for the last three decades produced by climate models are inconsistent with observations — as a study of applying statistical methods developed in econometrics, and submit it to a journal with a more open - minded editor, in order to get it published at all.

The reanalyses are closely tied to the measurements at most locations where observations — such as 2 - meter temperature, T (2m), or surface pressure — are provided and used in the data assimilation.

This is due at least in part to a lack of surface temperature observations in large parts of the Arctic where warming is occurring most rapidly.

Observations show a general increase in permafrost temperatures during the last several decades in Alaska, northwest Canada, Siberia and Northern Europe, with a significant acceleration in the warming of permafrost at many Arctic coastal locations during the last five years.

Most of the focus has been on the global mean temperature trend in the models and observations (it would certainly be worthwhile to look at some more subtle metrics — rainfall, latitudinal temperature gradients, Hadley circulation etc. but that's beyond the scope of this post).

And still not seeing your undersea volcano nonsense violates observations of vertical temperature profile, heat capacity, gas measurements whereas hurricanes (and cyclones worldwide) are quite adequately explained in conventional climate theory — which you seem to flatly refuse to look at.

The second observation relates to the apparent difference in the wet / dry adiabatic altitude at temperatures in the range of -30 Deg C. Apparently, the British Arctic Survey Team operating out of Northern Canada in 2006 seemed to suggest that the formation of ice / snow in the upper atmospheric region of around 250mb seems to be remaining as super cooled water drops.

To conclude, a projection from 1981 for rising temperatures in a major science journal, at a time that the temperature rise was not yet obvious in the observations, has been found to agree well with the observations since then, underestimating the observed trend by about 30 %, and easily beating naive predictions of no - change or a linear continuation of trends.

Only an amateur with no concept of the material (Stokes) derivative and time - series aliasing would conclude that lack of serial observations, such as provided by land - station data, of diurnally varying temperature at fixed oceanic locations is «not a problem.»

Forest et al. 2006 compares observations of multiple surface, upper air and deep - ocean temperature changes with simulations thereof by the MIT 2D climate model run at many climate parameter settings.

If the temperature is below 0 °C, special care needs to be taken because the «wet - bulb» will probably be dry at the time of observation.

So, in looking at the chart, I note that the orange line (HadISST) is based on sea - surface temperature observations, while the three other lines are (various GISS - E2 - R runs) are land - and - sea model outputs.

A main control on atmospheric CO2 appears to be the ocean surface temperature, and remains a possibility that a significant part of the overall increase of atmospheric CO2 since at least 1958 (start of Mauna Loa observations) simply relflects the gradual warming of the oceans as a result of the prolonged period of high solar activity since 1920 (Solanki et al., 2004).

The problems arise for previous periods, but then we depend on other observations than the continuous measurements of temperature by satellites and CO2 at MLO or other base stations.

Maybe Trenberth thought our observations lacked a few data points, for example at the time he wrote that email, the observational evidence for seawater temperatures below 700 meters was, shall we say scant.