Images in ultraviolet, blue, and visual light were combined for this picture, so that the colors roughly correspond to the surface
temperatures of stars in M15.
The temperature of a star will be conveyed through either the left or right ear.
Cole Miller of the University of Maryland in College Park finds this reasoning convincing, but points out that both groups of astronomers relied on particularly complex models to estimate
the temperature of a star from its brightness, rather than measuring the temperature directly.
The strikingly different colours of NGC 2014 and NGC 2020 are the result of both the different chemical makeup of the surrounding gas and
the temperatures of the stars that are causing the clouds to glow.
The temperature of a star determines its spectral type, because the energy modifies the physical properties of the plasma in the photosphere.
The series of radio observations measured
the temperature of the star's atmosphere at different heights.
To make this comparison, astronomers use a diagram (the colour - magnitude diagram) that plots
the temperatures of the stars against their luminosities.
This number corresponds to
the temperature of the star and approximately follows the temperature scale used for class M giants.
Main - sequence stars vary in surface temperature from approximately 2,000 to 50,000 K, whereas more - evolved stars can have temperatures above 100,000 K. Physically, the classes indicate
the temperature of the star's atmosphere and are normally listed from hottest to coldest.