Guest essay by John Mauer One aspect of the science of global warming is the measurement of
temperature on a local basis.
Not exact matches
This one has a really great automatic schedule that will adjust itself
based on the season,
temperature, humidity, and
local forecast.
In this latest study, the team of researchers applied empirical and process -
based models, to analyze
local areas, as well as the global surface, and the effect of
temperature and water availability variations
on carbon exchange between the atmosphere and the terrestrial biosphere.
A number of recent studies indicate that effects of urbanisation and land use change
on the land -
based temperature record are negligible (0.006 ºC per decade) as far as hemispheric - and continental - scale averages are concerned because the very real but
local effects are avoided or accounted for in the data sets used.
s entire argument
based on local conditions in Greenland and Antarctica undermining past
temperature assessments using dO18 is wrong.
Year 4 Science Assessments Objectives covered: Recognise that living things can be grouped in a variety of ways Explore and use classification keys to help group, identify and name a variety of living things in their
local and wider environment Recognise that environments can change and that this can sometimes pose dangers to living things Describe the simple functions of the basic parts of the digestive system in humans Identify the different types of teeth in humans and their simple functions Construct and interpret a variety of food chains, identifying producers, predators and prey Compare and group materials together, according to whether they are solids, liquids or gases Observe that some materials change state when they are heated or cooled, and measure or research the
temperature at which this happens in degrees Celsius (°C) Identify the part played by evaporation and condensation in the water cycle and associate the rate of evaporation with
temperature Identify how sounds are made, associating some of them with something vibrating Recognise that vibrations from sounds travel through a medium to the ear Find patterns between the pitch of a sound and features of the object that produced it Find patterns between the volume of a sound and the strength of the vibrations that produced it Recognise that sounds get fainter as the distance from the sound source increases Identify common appliances that run
on electricity Construct a simple series electrical circuit, identifying and naming its basic parts, including cells, wires, bulbs, switches and buzzers Identify whether or not a lamp will light in a simple series circuit,
based on whether or not the lamp is part of a complete loop with a battery Recognise that a switch opens and closes a circuit and associate this with whether or not a lamp lights in a simple series circuit Recognise some common conductors and insulators, and associate metals with being good conductors
Honest
locals would warn you, however, that summer brings
temperatures in the 90's and 100's
on a regular
basis.
We should be doing these things anyway, as for explaining how we should adapt, that would be done
on a
local basis and ideas to alter the
temperature downward do not pass the smell test.
The latest record for global and annual mean was set 1998, but it may also be slightly different when looking at
local temperatures and
on a monthly
basis.
Really, with that overwhelming visual evidence, it is obvious the earth is warming, regardless of surface air
temperatures (which vary drastically and constantly
based on local conditions).
But
on larger scales (both in space and time) the earth is a planet of our
local star; the sun is our only source of (purely radiative) energy; we have an atmosphere which clearly operates to reduce diurnal variations in
temperature (which
on black body
basis would otherwise be huge,
on human scale) and the radiative budget must always be exactly in balance.
They
base their selection
on correlations with
local temperatures and have the plausibility to their side that the more extreme stands (in terms of elevation) give the best
temperature signal.
GISS describes the value as, «
Temperature change of a specified mean period over a specified time interval
based on local linear trends.»
Then there's another step: no thermometer actually measures northern hemisphere
temperature so people have to make various «best guesses» as to what that was
based on various
local temperature measurements.
In each of these countries it has been possible for
local scientists to compare the official
temperature record with the original data
on which it was supposedly
based.
The Pacific, and what happens in
local waters in its east and west is the focus of ENSO studies and these phenomena are commonly compared to the march in global
temperatures but its what happens in the global ocean that is really important for
temperature gain and loss
on a global
basis.
However, Vahrenholt's statement is
based on curve fitting applied to a finite time series of (
local)
temperatures.
Still, I
base these
on the notion that Arctic Ice will be a proxy for global
temperature, when I know that
local conditions often predominate.
BTW,
on both mathematical and physical grounds, there is even less
basis for expecting truly abrupt changes in global average
temperatures than in
local ones.
There is a graph 7.1 (c)
on page 202, which is a schematic (the y - axis has no numbers) by Hubert Lamb (1965) of Central England
temperatures based on «historical records» and Lamb's qualitative assesments of
local, not global
temperatures.
JEG, If there is true correlation of growth with
local instrument
temperature records, then it seems to me you can only rationally justify selecting tree series
on that
basis by testing if that selection method works as well when you do the selection
based on holding out half the instrumental data, and then seeing how well the trees correlate with the held out data.
In which case one needs to properly consider what happens at night (when there is no solar input) and what happens when there are
temperature inversions (which must be taking place somewhere
on this planet
on a reasonably regular
basis) which act as a safety valve venting any excess
temperature built up (see the article Frostbite Falls by E M Smith
on WUWT in which he givces an illustration where
local temperatures fell to -43 C, ie., 230K which is significantly below the calculated BB temp of the Earth without GHGs)
Climate Central calculated the number of nights below a specific
temperature threshold for dozens of U.S. cities
based on the
local climatology and current weather conditions.
Rosenzweig et al. (2005) found that climate change
based on downscaled general circulation model (GCM) projections would exacerbate the New York City UHI by increasing baseline
temperatures and reducing
local wind speeds.
(I added land use change, because it has a
local effect
on ground
based temperature leading to a warming bias, in addition to its global effect).