Sentences with phrase «temperature over land changes»

My problem is that whilst the surface temperature over land changes considerably between day and night the temperature I would have thought that at higher altitudes it would be more constant.

Remember that the Arctic is an ocean surrounded by land, and temperatures over land change relatively quickly in response to a radiative forcing.

Not exact matches

Land - use changes over the past 250 years in Europe have been huge, yet, they only caused a relatively small temperature increase, equal to roughly 6 % of the warming produced by global fossil fuel burning, Naudts noted.

They found that the business - as - usual scenario comes with large climate changes the world over and would create entirely new patterns of temperature and precipitation for 12 to 39 percent of Earth's land area.

The biggest temperature changes were projected to occur over needleleaf forests, tundra and agricultural land used to grow crops.

The forcing over the last 150 years is around 1.6 W / m2 (including cooling effects from aerosols and land use change) but the climate is not (yet) in equilibirum, and so the full temperature response has not been acheived.

Temperature changes relative to the corresponding average for 1901 - 1950 (°C) from decade to decade from 1906 to 2005 over the Earth's continents, as well as the entire globe, global land area and the global ocean (lower graphs).

And finally, current theories based on greenhouse gas increases, changes in solar, volcanic, ozone, land use and aerosol forcing do a pretty good job of explaining the temperature changes over the 20th Century.

There are some various proposed mechanisms to explain this that involve the surface energy balance (e.g., less coupling between the ground temperature and lower air temperature over land because of less potential for evaporation), and also lapse rate differences over ocean and land (see Joshi et al 2008, Climate Dynamics), as well as vegetation or cloud changes.

The climate in most places has undergone minor changes over the past 200 years, and the land - based surface temperature record of the past 100 years exhibits warming trends in many places.

In addition, since the global surface temperature records are a measure that responds to albedo changes (volcanic aerosols, cloud cover, land use, snow and ice cover) solar output, and differences in partition of various forcings into the oceans / atmosphere / land / cryosphere, teasing out just the effect of CO2 + water vapor over the short term is difficult to impossible.

All of the discussion about accelerating increases in temperature that I've read over the last couple of years pin the effect on feedbacks.Particularly changes in the land.

Thus, small changes of global average air temperature are associated with very large changes in some regions, particularly over land, at mid - to high latitudes, in mountain regions.

The paper in Nature Climate Change, «Temperature and vegetation seasonality diminishment over northern lands,» pulls together a wide array of research, including the work by Bruce Forbes of the University of Lapland last year, on what I called «pop - up forests» — patches of rapidly - growing tundra shrubs.

«One of the most significant signals in the thermometer - observed temperature record since 1900 is the decrease in the diurnal temperature range over land, largely due to warming of the minimum temperatures... Climate models have in general not replicated the change in diurnal temperature range well.

Temperature change from climate models, including that reported in 1988 (12), usually refers to temperature of surface air over both landTemperature change from climate models, including that reported in 1988 (12), usually refers to temperature of surface air over both landtemperature of surface air over both land and ocean.

By comparing modelled and observed changes in such indices, which include the global mean surface temperature, the land - ocean temperature contrast, the temperature contrast between the NH and SH, the mean magnitude of the annual cycle in temperature over land and the mean meridional temperature gradient in the NH mid-latitudes, Braganza et al. (2004) estimate that anthropogenic forcing accounts for almost all of the warming observed between 1946 and 1995 whereas warming between 1896 and 1945 is explained by a combination of anthropogenic and natural forcing and internal variability.

Diurnal temperature range (DTR) has decreased over land by about 0.4 °C over the last 50 years, with most of that change occurring prior to 1980 (Section 3.2.2.1).

Figure 1 shows the change in the world's air temperature averaged over all the land and ocean between 1975 and 2008.

The 2009 State of the Climate Report of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) tells us that climate change is real because of rising surface air temperatures since 1880 over land and the ocean, ocean acidification, sea level rise, glaciers melting, rising specific humidity, ocean heat content increasing, sea ice retreating, glaciers diminishing, Northern Hemisphere snow cover decreasing, and so many other lines of evidence.

That land changes over this period may have slightly increased temperature, and has had regional affects upon climate, and multitude undefined possible effects.

MM04 failed to acknowledge other independent data supporting the instrumental thermometer - based land surface temperature observations, such as satellite - derived temperature trend estimates over land areas in the Northern Hemisphere (Intergovernmental Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Third Assessment Report, Chapter 2, Box 2.1, p. 106) that can not conceivably be subject to the non-climatic sources of bias considered by them.

Running 60 - month averages of European air temperature at a height of two metres over land (left - hand axis) according to different datasets: ERA - Interim (Copernicus Climate Change Service, ECMWF); GISTEMP (NASA); HadCRUT4 (Met Office Hadley Centre), NOAAGlobalTemp (NOAA); and JRA - 55 (JMA).

-- Increased urbanization and land use changes since WWII as a possible partial cause of warming of global surface temperature over land.

Deriving a reliable global temperature from the instrument data is not easy because the instruments are not evenly distributed across the planet, the hardware and observing locations have changed over the years, and there has been extensive land use change (such as urbanization) around some of the sites.

The climate in most places has undergone minor changes over the past 200 years, and the land - based surface temperature record of the past 100 years exhibits warming trends in many places.

Drought changes the balance between latent and sensible heat over land surfaces — increasing temperature readings.

The authors offered an example of the challenges faced in this undertaking: though changes to the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation can be predicted, this did not necessarily translate to predictable temperature changes over land.

But matters are greatly complicated by atmospheric circulation patterns, cyclic changes in temperatures over the oceans, and the shapes of land masses.

Of course it's that huge heat capacity that lets the oceans hold the heat, but the biggest temperature changes are over land.

The earth's average temperature has jumped by approximately 0.8 degrees Celsius (1.4 degrees Fahrenheit) over the last century due to burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and other land - use changes that emit greenhouse gases.

Low clouds are normally closely coupled to the surface and over land can be significantly changed by modifications of surface temperature or moisture resulting from changes in land properties.

This is close to the warming of 1.09 °C (0.86 — 1.31 °C) observed in global mean land temperatures over the period 1951 — 2010, which, in contrast to China's recorded temperature change, is only weakly affected by urban warming influences.

Over millennia, marine life have endured and responded to CO2 levels well beyond anything projected, and temperature changes that put coral reefs and tropical plants closer to the poles or had much of our land covered by ice more than a mile thick.

Along with increasing temperatures over all regions of the U.S., the pattern of precipitation change is one of general increases at higher northern latitudes and drying in the tropics and subtropics over land.

Finds that average daytime surface temperature in the Jambi province increased by 1.05 °C over the last 16 years, which followed the trend of observed land cover changes and exceeded the effects of climate warming

The Sedlacek and Knutti paper is only about oceanic temperatures, not the land record, it shows that the models do a poor job matching observed oceanic changes over the 20th century when relying only on natural forcing, and that if the natural - only runs are scaled to have an overall trend that matches the observations, the models predict a more heterogeneous distribution of trends than was observed.

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We conclude that the most valid model of the spatial pattern of trends in land surface temperature records over 1979 — 2002 requires a combination of the processes represented in some GCMs and certain socioeconomic measures that capture data quality variations and changes to the land surface.

Wardle and Smith (2004) argued that the upward rainfall trend is consistent with the upward trend in land surface temperatures that has been observed in the south of the continent, independent of changes over the oceans.

Finds that the feedback for which the evidence of ongoing changes is most compelling is the surface albedo - temperature feedback, which is amplifying temperature changes over land (primarily in spring) and ocean (primarily in autumn — winter)

See, the first thing to do is do determine what the temperature trend during the recent thermometer period (1850 — 2011) actually is, and what patterns or trends represent «data» in those trends (what the earth's temperature / climate really was during this period), and what represents random «noise» (day - to - day, year - to - random changes in the «weather» that do NOT represent «climate change»), and what represents experimental error in the plots (UHI increases in the temperatures, thermometer loss and loss of USSR data, «metadata» «M» (minus) records getting skipped that inflate winter temperatures, differences in sea records from different measuring techniques, sea records vice land records, extrapolated land records over hundreds of km, surface temperature errors from lousy stations and lousy maintenance of surface records and stations, false and malicious time - of - observation bias changes in the information.)

Projected changes for the 21st century over land and in mid and high latitudes will be larger than the projected change in the global average temperature, so again, past experience will provide little guidance for the future.

Empirical data and climate models also concur that surface temperature change is amplified over land areas, which tends to make temperature change at the site of deep water an underestimate of the global temperature.

Over the ocean, surface temperature, which varies slowly, is a major controlling factor, while over land, coupled effects of surface temperature and available soil moisture, which can change relatively quickly, are importOver the ocean, surface temperature, which varies slowly, is a major controlling factor, while over land, coupled effects of surface temperature and available soil moisture, which can change relatively quickly, are importover land, coupled effects of surface temperature and available soil moisture, which can change relatively quickly, are important.

In the final analysis we are arguing about a temperature record made by volunteers with little oversight over many generations on continents where a truly massive amount of land use change due to industrialization and agriculture and where said land mass is but a small fraction of the globe's surface one might wonder why we bother with it.

In general, the pattern of change in return values for 20 - year extreme temperature events from an equilibrium simulation for doubled CO2 with a global atmospheric model coupled to a non-dynamic slab ocean shows moderate increases over oceans and larger increases over land masses (Zwiers and Kharin, 1998; Figure 9.29).

The same should be true for climate change we should evaluate the changes in temperature (not anomalies) over time at the same stations and present the data as a spaghetti graph showing any differing trends and not assume that regional or climates in gridded areas are the same — which they are not as is obvious from the climate zones that exist or microclimates due to changes in precipitation, land use etc..

A similar magnitude forcing only over land would produce much lower temperature change.

Weathering may depend on properties like temperature, pCO2, land ice abrasion, and sea level change but has been suggested to be stable over glacial − interglacial cycles (54).