Sentences with phrase «temperature over the interval»

And yet, when you do trends of global data you are averaging air temperatures over intervals where the heat content is not continuous, and thus the trend that is the average temperature does not show the actual trend of the heat content.

I wish to make it clear that my own preference for estimating TCR is the approach of Otto et al., i.e. comparing temperatures over an interval at a time when human influence was only a small fraction of the present with the recent data.

The most efficient estimate of the trend is the simplistic one of the change in the temperature over the interval divided by the number of periods in the interval.

Not exact matches

The temperature trends in Antarctica depend on the time interval and season one looks at, because certain forcings, such as ozone depletion, are particularly important over restricted past time intervals and during particular seasons.

Global sea level underwent a statistically robust fall of 8 ± 8 cm (95 % probability interval) over 1000 - 1400 CE, coincident with a decline in global temperature of ~ 0.2 °C.

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For example, they show that the modern instrumental record averaged only over their 14 sites captures the full Northern Hemisphere mean temperature variations remarkably well over the available (approximately 150 years) interval.

This permits us to apportion surface temperature change over long intervals on the basis of OHC change.

In the approach to this limit, when optical thickness is sufficiently large, a linear approximation can be made (remember what was said earlier about small intervals), wherein each doubling results in half the change of the last doubling (that's based on an approximately linear change in temperature relative to optical distances, and an approximately linear change in the Planck function over temperature — applicable for the small distances and small temperature variations implied).

It is, however, possible to select two intervals over which the average total solar irradiance is the same but not so for the temperature.

B. Over the same time interval there have been periods during which the reported «Annual Temperature of the Earth (TOE)» has increased, others during which it decreased, and yet others, like the most recent 15 - 20 years over which it has remained statistically fOver the same time interval there have been periods during which the reported «Annual Temperature of the Earth (TOE)» has increased, others during which it decreased, and yet others, like the most recent 15 - 20 years over which it has remained statistically fover which it has remained statistically flat.

If the raw temperature data arranged over a time interval does not accurately reflect temperature trends over that interval, how is it possible to verify that the adjustments you make to that raw data DO accurately reflect temperature trends over that interval?

The spatial mean and dispersion of surface temperatures over the last 1200 years: warm intervals are also variable intervals by Martin P. Tingley and Peter Huybers, both of Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard.

«annual temperatures up to AD 2000 over extra-tropical NH land areas have probably exceeded by about 0.3 °C the warmest previous interval over the past 1162 years»

The steps to convert heat flux over a depth interval to temperature change over that interval involves integration of Fourier's equation of heat conduction.»

Diurnal temperature variation exceeds the 0.74 C twentieth century warming trend by orders of magnitude, but these variations obviously even out over long intervals.

Variability in foraminifer δ18O [ocean temperature] over the past 200 years is below the detection limit [a change in ocean heat can not be detected in the past 200 years], but δ18O [ocean temperature] signatures from two mid-Holocene intervals indicate temperature swings > 2 °C within 200 years.»

GISS describes the value as, «Temperature change of a specified mean period over a specified time interval based on local linear trends.»

«The authors write that «the Mediterranean region is one of the world's most vulnerable areas with respect to global warming,»... they thus consider it to be extremely important to determine what impact further temperature increases might have on the storminess of the region... produced a high - resolution record of paleostorm events along the French Mediterranean coast over the past 7000 years... from the sediment bed of Pierre Blanche Lagoon [near Montpellier, France]... nine French scientists, as they describe it, «recorded seven periods of increased storm activity at 6300 - 6100, 5650 - 5400, 4400 - 4050, 3650 - 3200, 2800 - 2600, 1950 - 1400, and 400 - 50 cal yr BP,» the latter of which intervals they associate with the Little Ice Age.

You shouldn't ignore this quote: «Over the interval 1979 to 2009, model - projected temperature trends are two to four times larger than observed trends in both the lower and mid-troposphere and the differences are statistically significant at the 99 % level.»

The authors compared temperature trends over four different time intervals, the 1900s, the first and second halves of the 1900s, and the last 30 years of the 1900s.

Although 484 (40 %) pass the temperature screening process over the full (1850 — 1995) calibration interval, one would expect that no more than 150 (13 %) of the proxy series would pass the screening procedure described above by chance alone.

Differences between the regression slope and the true feedback parameter are significantly reduced when 1) a more realistic value for the ocean mixed layer depth is used, 2) a corrected standard deviation of outgoing radiation is used, and 3) the model temperature variability is computed over the same time interval as the observations.

C&W's temperature change over the last 15 years is +0.17 C (trend * interval), +0.29 C for the last 20 years.

Latimer Fixing yours took a bit more work: there may be no discernible, or otherwise misleading, trends in temperature (up or down) over ten or so year spans where they are too short to have a significant confidence interval.

Still other scientists insist that their data do not show appreciable changes in average temperature anywhere over the course of the interval.

there may be no discernible, or otherwise misleading, trends in temperature (up or down) over ten or so year spans where they are too short to have a significant confidence interval.

Attempts to relate net temperature changes to forcing over an extended time interval would represent a different study, and one that is beset with problems in correctly quantifying the forcings unless the interval is very long (and even then there are problems).

Because you are fitting to look for a trend * after * selecting the data that looks flat, the real 95 % confidence interval of the trend in temperature (or ocean heat content) over any of these intervals is much larger than what you are presumably calculating.

If you review it, including Figure 1, you will see that what I said was correct — its conclusions are based on the fluctuations over time and not the net temperature change over the entire interval.

Subsequently, however, based on statistical models that employ semi-empirical relationships between past and predicted future increases in global temperature, Vermeer and Rahmsdorf (2009), Jevrejeva et al. (2010) and Grinsted et al. (2010) derived much greater increases on the order of 60 to 190 cm over the same time interval.

b Trends surface temperature from the GOGA CAM3 simulations (background colorscale; air temperature over sea ice and SST elsewhere) along with the Z850 trend produced by the model simulations (black contours; negative dashed and positive solid; interval of 3 m / decade) and the simulated convective precipitation trends (positive green contours, negative red contours, contoured at − 0.7, − 0.3, − 0.1, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.7 mm / day / decade, shown only for 45 ° S — 45 ° N. (c) As in (b) but for the TOGA CAM3 simulations.

However, the Prudent Path authors fail to reference a recent paper (Kaufmann et al. 2009) which analyzed Arctic temperature changes over a 2000 year period (0 to 1999 AD) and concluded that «the most recent 10 - year interval (1999 - 2008) was the warmest of the past 200 decades» and that «4/5 of the warmest decades occurred during the last century».

The coldest temperatures of the Little Ice Age are observed over the interval 1400 to 1700 C.E., with greatest cooling over the extratropical Northern Hemisphere continents.

The current warming trend 1998 - 2005, has no precedent in recent Arctic memory, there were a few unique occasions when open water was seen during mid-winter over Barrow Strait, but this was at roughly 10 year intervals, now the intervals are totally irregular, but between Islands ice cover is not the best indication of warming, monthly temperature readings for the past 4 years or so, have been mostly above normal by 1 to the occasional 4 to 5 degrees.

Energy that migrates inside the membrane must equal energy that migrates outside the membrane over very long time intervals, otherwise the temperature would ramp until all the rocks melted or everything froze.

For example, the 95 percent confidence intervals, when combined over the time of the reconstruction, do not form an envelope that has 95 percent probability of containing the true temperature series.

The reality was that it actually gave the correct answer for GISS climate sensitivity over the temperature interval tested.

Variability in foraminifer δ18O over the past 200 years is below the detection limit [a change in ocean heat can not be detected in the past 200 years], but δ18O signatures from two mid-Holocene intervals indicate temperature swings > 2 °C within 200 years.

«The partial correlation with CO2 indeed dominates over that of solar irradiance for the most recent 200 - year interval, as increases in temperature and CO2 simultaneously accelerate through to the end of 1995, while solar irradiance levels off after the mid-twentieth century.

As opposed to saying that, if measured over equal length intervals, many temperature increases in the past are very similar to more recent termperature increases??

If we then start in 1881 with this structure, and construct a confidence interval for the temperature level reached in 2008, on the basis of the variance - covariance structure displayed by the data over the period 1880 - 1935, we find that it fits perfectly in the picture.

What I wonder now is if it is justified to average the temperature of 1 site over a year, and if so with which confidence intervals?