Sentences with phrase «temperature profiles as»

A. 2: (top) Percentage of global coverage of ocean temperature profiles as a function of depth in one degree latitude by one degree longitude by one - year bins (top panel) shown versus time

Solving those equations, as you can see in CO2 — Part Three, Four and Five — requires knowledge of the temperature profile as well as the concentration of the various gases that absorb longwave radiation.

Not exact matches

As to the question of why Earth has never experienced these changes, he said: «Mars is much smaller than Earth, with a different temperature profile and higher iron content of its silicate mantle.

For every hurricane in the North Atlantic Basin between 1997 and 2013, they pulled information such as mean sea - level pressure and temperature as well as vertical temperature and humidity profiles, and entered it into a thermodynamic hurricane model that treats each storm as a gigantic heat engine.

They also use it as a means of profiling air pressure, temperature, and moisture in the atmosphere.

That pattern projects onto the very temperature gradient profile that we identify as supporting atmospheric waveguide conditions.»

Otherwise, HD110432 and gamma Cas share similarly peculiar X-ray and optical characteristics such as high X-ray temperature, erratic X-ray variability on timescales of a few hours, optical emission lines, and submigrating features in optical line profiles.

ICARUS is gathering data on surface radiation, heat fluxes, and vertical profiles of the basic atmospheric state (temperature, humidity, and horizontal wind), as well as turbulence, aerosol properties, and cloud properties.

The profile would set seating position as well as temperature, lighting, radio, and navigation preferences, eliminating the need to fiddle with controls.

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411 SG Bolstrom, I am observing a particular trend unlike the recent past, whereas the Arctic air profiles are leaning more adiabatically during winter, this means a whole lot of confusion with respect to temperature trends, namely the high Upper Air should cool as the surface warms, and the reverse, the Upper air warms when heat from the lower atmosphere is transferred upwards.

(Even for a relatively simple example of a gray medium, calculating the equilibrium temperature profile within a homogeneous slab involves a singular Fredholm integral equation of the second kind as described by M. N. Ozisik in Radiative Transfer (1973).)

Being familiar with the area from doing both a bit of seismic reflection profiling there as well as recreation, I have to wonder whether Bristlecones at the tree line in the Whites and on the Eastern slope of the Sierra are more sensitive to moisture, or, temperature, in terms of their growth characteristics.

As the outer atmospheric layers above this point continue to get colder as the column optical depth of the slab is increased, the temperature profile within the slab will appear to «pivot» about the TAU = 1 poinAs the outer atmospheric layers above this point continue to get colder as the column optical depth of the slab is increased, the temperature profile within the slab will appear to «pivot» about the TAU = 1 poinas the column optical depth of the slab is increased, the temperature profile within the slab will appear to «pivot» about the TAU = 1 point.

UV absorbtion by O3 is irrelevant for this point (as is convection in the troposphere) although it is key in setting the actual temperature profile.

I particularly enjoyed the slides that, when combined (1) provided an overview of hotter and cooler CO2 molecules as it relates to how they are seen from outer space and from profile — because this will make it easier for me to explain this process to others; (2) walked through the volcanic and solar activity vs assigning importance to CO2 changes — because this another way to help make it clearer, too, but in another way; (3) discussed CO2 induced warming and ocean rise vs different choices we might make — because this helps point out why every day's delay matters; and (4) showed Figure 1 from William Nordhaus» «Strategies for Control of Carbon Dioxide» and then super-imposed upon that the global mean temperature in colors showing pre-paper and post-paper periods — because this helps to show just how far back it was possible to make reasoned projections without the aid of a more nuanced and modern understanding.

This is recognized by a feature found in temperature upper air profiles, where as the maxima in temperature shifts from the ground to several hundred meters above.

The 1999 event was still visible in CTD profiles [a sequence of measurements of water conductivity, temperature, depth] in 2007 along the Gakkel Ridge as a thin layer (50 - 200 m thick) with slightly warmer temperatures (~ 0.01 — 0.001 C warmer).

The 4 W / m2 TOA forcing is the consequence of an imposed change in CO2 — all changes to LW absorption in the atmosphere as a consequence of that initial change (through water vapour, cloud or temperature profile responses) are feedbacks.

The peak upper level warming that occurs as optical thickness in a «new» band is increased should be larger for a wider band, as it can gain greater dominance over controlling the temperature profile at smaller optical thickness and will have a greater peak in it's influence.

Thus there is convection within the troposphere that (to a first approximation) tends to sustain some lapse rate profile within the layer — that itself can vary as a function of climate (and height, location, time), but given any relative temperature distribution within the layer (including horizontal and temporal variations and relationship to variable CSD contributors (water vapor, clouds)-RRB-, the temperature of the whole layer must shift to balance radiative fluxes into and out of the layer (in the global time averae, and in the approximation of zero global time average convection above the troposphere), producing a PRt2 (in the global time average) equal to RFt2.

I've also analyzed data (not conclusions, but raw data) relating to paleoclimate reconstructions such as tree rings, ice cores, and (my personal favorite) borehole temperature profiles.

As more optical thickness is added to a «new» band, it will gain greater control over the temperature profile, but eventually, the equilibrium for that band will shift towards a cold enough upper atmosphere and warm enough lower atmosphere and surface, such that farther increases will cool the upper atmosphere or just that portion near TOA while warming the lower atmosphere and surface — until the optical thickness is so large (relative to other bands) that the band loses influence (except at TOA) and has little farther effect (except at TOA).

The vertical temperature profile may also play a role, as warmer water is lighter, and thus the stability of the water column depends on how fast the temperature drops with depth — more stable water column is less prone to mixing.

Re 392 Chris Dudley — I don't understand what you mean by R ^ 2T ^ 4 — and there should be something about how optical depth is proportional to R, and also, if you're going a significant distance toward the center of such an object, there is the issue of spherical geometry; if the optical thickness is large enough across small changes in radius, then you don't need to account for the spherical geometry in the calculation of the flux per unit area as a function of the temperature profile and optical thickness; however, the flux per unit area outward will drop as an inverse square, except of course within the layers that are being heated through a different process (SW heating for a planet, radioactivity, latent and sensible heat loss associated with a cooling interior, gravitational potential energy conversion to enthalpy via compression (adiabatic warming) and settling of denser material under gravity (the later both leads to compression via increased pressure via increased gravity within the interior, and also is a source of kinetic energy which can be converted to heat)...

Are you asking whether the shape of the temperature profile between say the Oceanic Mixed Layer (above the main thermocline) and the troposphere will change significantly as a consequence of global warming?

If so I'd be inclined to answer «no» on the ground that (a) the surface of Venus is some 350 °C hotter than that of Earth, and yet (b) Venus's temperature profile is essentially the same shape as it would be if the surface of Venus were 350 °C cooler.

I also give a slide for the geographic density and distribution of Human population as at 1994 as if you also notice the slide of MEDIAN SURFACE temperature you WILL see that there is a 15 years DELAY form Land to Ocean surface, and that the Land surface rise is unerringly plotting a profile the SAME as that of Human Population.

In fact there is a gravitationally induced temperature gradient (aka lapse rate) in any planetary troposphere, and thermal energy absorbed from solar radiation in the upper troposphere can flow up that sloping thermal profile restoring thermodynamic equilibrium as it does so, and even entering the oceans.

These algorithms, developed for national and international operational and research satellite programs, convert sensor / instrument measurements into geophysical parameters such as vertical temperature / water vapor profiles, estimates of cloud amount, type and phase, and land / ocean parameters such as sea surface winds, net heat flux, and forest fire intensity / extent.

For he details of vertical profiles accurate data of both temperature and salinity are perhaps more important as buoyancy differentials are sensitive to both, and determining them accurately is valuable for learning more on the oceans themselves.

This newsletter discusses the publishing of rivers climate change indicators for the British Columbia (BC) Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy, engineering design values for Island Health, progress on the development of the Climate Tool for Engineers, new partnerships with the Blueberry Council of BC and the Comox Valley Regional District, a paper on projected changes to summer mean wet bulb globe temperatures led by Chao Li, a Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society article on extreme wildfire risk in the Fort McMurray area by Megan Kirchmeier - Young, a staff profile on Dr. Gildas Dayon, the PCIC Climate Seminar Series, a welcome to doctoral student Yaheng Tan, the release of PCIC's 2016 - 2017 Corporate Report, the release of a Science Brief on snowmelt and drought, the publishing of Climate Change Projections for the Cowichan Valley Regional District and State of the Physical, Biological and Selected Fishery Resources of Pacific Canadian Marine Ecosystems in 2016, as well as peer - reviewed publications since the last newsletter.

Perhaps this owes to weak stratospheric absorption, which allows the lower atmosphere's temperature to get more of a «running start» — as distinct from Titan's profile.

-- Shape of profile: To reach steady - state, the temperature at the new higher photosphere must attain the same temperature as was formerly at the old photosphere.

As described, the whole temperature profile gives rise to the radiative transport, which gives rise to the heating at ground level, which gradually raises the whole temperature profile (via convection) until radiative balance is achieved.

It measures the vertical profile of pressure, temperature and humidity (PTU) as the balloon ascends through the atmosphere.

Forecasters often view the data in a graphical format, plotted on thermodynamic diagrams such as Skew - T log - P diagrams, Tephigrams, and or Stüve diagrams, all useful for the interpretation of the atmosphere's vertical thermodynamics profile of temperature and moisture as well as kinematics of vertical wind profile.

All the maps were reprocessed using a new algorithm based on the linear regression between the depth of the isotherms from 26 °C to 28 °C, as obtained from temperature profiles, and the dynamic topography estimated from altimetry by AVISO.

The total air column mass is constant, and given the adiabatic control volume as shown neither heated or cooled by surroundings nor by radiation (GHG - free) or by interaction with adjacent air or ground; we need to find the equilibrium temperature profile of this gas column and we need only 2 laws: the 1st and 2nd thermo laws.

As a result, local anthropogenic thermal dissipation related effects on the realized surface temperature and boundary layer thermal profile are exacerbated.

On average, just as many molecules move up, with exactly the same velocity / kinetic energy profile, as move down, with zero energy transport, zero mass transport, and zero alteration of the MB profiles above and below, only when the two slices have the same temperature.

If instead the vertical integral of the potential temperature is kept fixed — as argued by several authors to be appropriate in the case of convective mixing — an isentropic profile results.

The thermopause, defined as the level of transition to a more or less isothermal temperature profile at the top of the thermosphere, occurs at heights of around 250 km (150 miles) during quiet Sun periods and almost 500 km (300 miles) when the Sun is active.

People seem to have interpreted this as automatically implying non-isothermal temperature profiles in thermodynamic equilibrium.

profile will settle in to have the bottom temperature the warmest and the coldest at top as the maximum entropy condition.

However, the temperature profile for a cold day actually has temperature increasing from 0 to 1 km, then levelling off up to 4 km, before beginning a decline as in the standard atmosphere.

Of course, the energy has to be transported up through the atmosphere and does so in a number of different ways but, the precise transport mechanism doesn't significantly influence the lapse rate as the temperature profile will always tend back towards the hydrodynamically stable value.

Doc essentially provided good boomerang material, as the Mauna Loa CO2 data fits that temperature profile remarkably well.

The models do alright on some climate characteristics such as the latitudinal profile of zonal temperature means but fail miserably on the climate characteristic of cloudiness.

It is perplexing that the models do so poorly at replicating the current cloudiness characteristics yet they are supposed to be more accurate at replicating the latitude profile of temperature as shown in the following graph.