Model simulations indicate that the snow - ice interface temperature or alternatively the 6 GHz brightness temperature is a closer proxy for the 50 GHz effective
temperature than the snow surface or air temperature
Not exact matches
Stormy with freezing rain, heavy
snow or just glacial with sub-zero
temperatures — long story short, we are more often
than not staying indoors, except for the necessary grocery trips.
Rain,
snow, hail, extreme
temperatures, changes in humidity and even sunshine can all make vintage railcars deteriorate much more quickly
than they would if protected from these natural hazards...
A combination of favorable
temperatures and a new snowmaking system which underwent $ 30 million in upgrades, will allow Mount
Snow to open with the most terrain in the East at more
than 100 acres.
While the odds of flooding are lower
than last week, when heavy rain fell and
snow melted in 60 degree
temperatures, the potential for ice jam flooding remains elevated.
Temperatures across New York and New England hit sub-zero levels Tuesday morning, a day after a storm dumped more
than a foot of
snow from Buffalo to the Hudson Valley.
When the
temperature beneath a layer of
snow crystals is significantly higher
than the
temperature above, ice from crystals lower in the snowpack sublimes — that is, vaporizes directly without melting — and then refreezes onto overlying crystals.
What little
snow did fall melted away quickly when warmer -
than - average
temperatures hit the state in March and April, said Tim Mowry, public information officer for the Alaska Division of Forestry.
The warmer
temperatures are melting 60 times more
snow from Mt. Hunter today
than the amount of
snow that melted during the summer before the start of the industrial period 150 years ago, according to the study.
He and his colleagues used more
than a dozen climate models to determine the
temperature and likely
snow duration in the study area for 2050 and 2099.
Although the creatures would have experienced periods of winter darkness and possibly
snow,
temperatures in the region were warmer
than they are today, averaging in the low 40s.
Streamflow reduced by 19 percent in the east watershed and 23 percent in the west, suggesting that warmer
temperatures may have more impact on streams
than a transition from
snow to rain.
In urban areas during the winter when
snow cover is less pervasive,
temperatures are higher
than rural areas in the daytime by an average of 2 °F.
For some winter activities, you need more
than simply
temperatures below freezing — you need
snow.
For example, the global - mean near - surface air
temperature was more
than 1 K lower
than in the experiment assuming spherical
snow grains.
The ice sheet's thickness makes its
temperature much more resistant to change
than the six inches of
snow that might fall on your driveway during a winter snowstorm.
It's not even December and we've already had some
snow with
temperatures dropping faster
than you can say hello.
Depending on the level of service to which an organisation subscribes, it will provide regular pdf updates, sent to a phone if required, showing forecast data for RST (road surface
temperature — much more relevant
than air
temperature when deciding when to grit), rainfall, falling
snow and road state.
As the
snow continues to fall and
temperatures drop in Chicago there is no better place to take the kids
than Family Day at the auto show!
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Sure, you can set it to
snow mode, but if the
temperatures are below 40F, if the windshield wipers are on, or if the car even sniffs wheel slip, the Challenger is already in AWD, rather
than its default to rear - wheel drive.
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Likewise, short - legged dogs that scrape their bellies on the
snow and cold ground are going to lose
temperature more quickly
than larger dogs.
Being an Arctic dog, all Siberian Huskies have a thick coat (thicker
than what most other breeds have) with a dense undercoat and a long topcoat, which both protect the dog against most powerful
snow blizzard at
temperatures falling as much as -40 degrees Celsius and beyond.
This winter, colder -
than - average
temperatures have dominated a large portion of the country, resulting in an abundance of
snow.
What's more, the abundance of
snow cannons assures the pistes are always covered in
snow, even if winter
temperatures are warmer
than expected.
Rainfall can occur at any time of year although in winter, eastern Germany, where
temperatures are generally lower
than in the west of the country, is more likely to experience
snow.
In others,
temperatures are warming up and rain storms are far more common
than snow.
[1] CO2 absorbs IR, is the main GHG, human emissions are increasing its concentration in the atmosphere, raising
temperatures globally; the second GHG, water vapor, exists in equilibrium with water / ice, would precipitate out if not for the CO2, so acts as a feedback; since the oceans cover so much of the planet, water is a large positive feedback; melting
snow and ice as the atmosphere warms decreases albedo, another positive feedback, biased toward the poles, which gives larger polar warming
than the global average; decreasing the
temperature gradient from the equator to the poles is reducing the driving forces for the jetstream; the jetstream's meanders are increasing in amplitude and slowing, just like the lower Missippi River where its driving gradient decreases; the larger slower meanders increase the amplitude and duration of blocking highs, increasing drought and extreme
temperatures — and 30,000 + Europeans and 5,000 plus Russians die, and the US corn crop, Russian wheat crop, and Aussie wildland fire protection fails — or extreme rainfall floods the US, France, Pakistan, Thailand (driving up prices for disk drives — hows that for unexpected adverse impacts from AGW?)
If
temperatures are at or below freezing (which is true even during this warmer -
than - average winter in Colorado), that moisture will precipitate as
snow, not rain.
I would expect the albedo effect presented by clouds to be weak over the mostly
snow / ice covered Antarctica, but Svensmark argues that the clouds here warm rather
than cool the
temperature.
In Cohen et al. 2009, we showed a statistically significant link between increasing
snow cover extent in Siberia and colder Northern Hemisphere
temperatures, so there is more to my article
than thinking out loud.
The same meridional blocking pattern hit North America this March, keeping the East at record high
temperatures and the West colder
than normal such that it
snowed in Northern California and also rained much more
than normal.
I understand it is because in the last few years the
temperature of the Earth has actually cooled so, rather
than lose the momentum they had gained to make political inroads to underwrite global measures to control societies» behaviors when it comes to things like use of fossil fuels, proponents decided to cut their losses and change the term so they wouldn't be obviously wrong to the masses as it
snowed on various global warming rallies.
Global average
temperature is lower during glacial periods for two primary reasons: 1) there was only about 190 ppm CO2 in the atmosphere, and other major greenhouse gases (CH4 and N2O) were also lower 2) the earth surface was more reflective, due to the presence of lots of ice and
snow on land, and lots more sea ice
than today (that is, the albedo was higher).
We don't really know the magnitude of that lag as well as Barton implies we do, because it is very challenging to put CO2 records from ice cores on the same timescale as
temperature records from those same ice cores, due to the time delay in trapping the atmosphere as the
snow is compressed into ice (the ice at any time will always be younger older
than the gas bubbles it encloses, and the age difference is inherently uncertain).
The other argument might be that the FREEZING point of heavy water is also higher
than regular water, so more of it would
snow out of the air before it gets to Greenland, so the
temperature of Greenland matters.
If you've ever wondered why you're buried in
snow but keep hearing about how we've experienced «officially, the second warmest year on record» (when we're not being told it could be the warmest year on record), know that «officially» relates to the pronouncements of officials, and «official
temperature records» have been «systematically «adjusted» to show the Earth as having warmed much more
than the actual data justified.»
That being said, Chicago's
temperatures will drop below zero without a
snow cover, but probably not lower
than about minus 10.
The ice sheet's thickness makes its
temperature much more resistant to change
than the six inches of
snow that might fall on your driveway during a winter snowstorm.
He fails to recognize that the incremental power reflected away from clouds is greater
than the surface power trapped by them, or at least this is the case when the
temperature is greater
than 0C and the ground is
snow / ice free.
Furthermore, slightly warmer
than normal
temperatures increase atmospheric moisture content, elevating potential
snow amounts where they occur.»
Fall
snow cover in Northern Hemisphere was most extensive on record, even with
temperatures at high mark December 4 In 46 years of records, more
snow covered the Northern Hemisphere this fall
than any other time.
Furthermore, the Arctic has warmed more
than twice as fast as the global average, a phenomenon known as Arctic amplification, and stimulated by the combined increasing Arctic
temperatures and rapid loss of sea ice in all seasons along with declining
snow cover in the spring and early summer.
That has led to autumn
temperatures in the last several years that are six to 10 degrees warmer
than they were in the 1980s, said research scientist Julienne Stroeve at the National
Snow and Ice Data Center in Boulder, Colo..»
But the forecast also indicates
temperatures will be warmer
than normal, which could mean most of that precipitation falls as rain, not
snow.
Declines in snowpack are projected to continue as
temperatures warm and more winter precipitation falls as rain rather
than snow throughout the Pacific Northwest.
(4) Yet as it turns out, UF6 freezes via a gas - > solid transition at lower -
than - room
temperatures (just as packets of moist air, lifted high into a thunderstorm's anvil cloud, and thus cooled adiabatically by the pressure drop, condense their H20 vapor as hail and
snow).
These stem from a diversity of site - specific conditions, including, but not limited to: local vegetation; presence of building structures and contributions made by such structures involving energy use, heating and air conditioning, etc; exposure to winds, the wind velocities determined by climatic factors and also whether certain wind directions are more favored
than others by terrain or the presence or absence thereof to bodies of water; proximity to grass, asphalt, concrete or other material surfaces; the physical conditions of the CRS itself which include: the exact location of the
temperature sensors within it, the degree of unimpeded flow of external air through the CRS, the character of the paint used; the exact height of the instrument above the external surface (noting that when the ground is covered by 3 feet of
snow, the
temperature instrument is about 60 % closer to, or less
than 2 feet, above an excellent radiating surface, much closer
than it would be under
snow - free conditions).
Now in its 10th year, the Arctic Report Card provides the latest Arctic observations from an international team of more
than 70 scientists in 10 countries about changes in Arctic air and sea
temperatures,
snow,...