Sentences with phrase «temperatures at the surface»

The problem is that unless the core is properly contained, the change in pressure and temperature at the surface can cause it to explode, says Edwards.

«Satellites only measure temperature at the surface.

«Since oxygen concentrations in the ocean naturally vary depending on variations in winds and temperature at the surface, it's been challenging to attribute any deoxygenation to climate change.

Instrumental observations over the past 157 years show that temperatures at the surface have risen globally, with important regional variations.

The largest subglacial lake, Lake Vostok, lies beneath the coldest place on the planet, where the temperature at the surface often falls below minus 60 degrees Celsius.

Scientists are currently interested in why temperatures at the surface of the ocean have been rising slower than in previous decades, even though we're emitting greenhouse gases faster than ever.

Because variations in the ground surface temperature over time affect the distribution of temperature in the subsurface, scientists can carefully measure the temperature at depth within these holes and then use mathematical formulas to infer past temperatures at the surface.

On the subject of sensitivity of the SURFACE temperature to changes in CO2 concentration, there has been much talk of TOA imbalances forcing changes to temperature at the surface.

It pours out on the surface, fresher than full salinity sea water and super cooled with respect to the freezing temperature at the surface.

The temperature at the surface «Where we are» is controlled by the water cycle.

«Departures from the expected increase in temperature with depth (the geothermal gradient) can be interpreted in terms of changes in temperature at the surface in the past, which have slowly diffused downward, warming or cooling layers meters below the surface.»

Since water vapor contributes 95 % of the wrongly named «greenhouse effect» and since the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide has a logarithmic and declining effect, the variation in temperature at the surface must be vanishingly small.

Dust in the atmosphere reflects sunlight back to space, reducing temperatures at the surface as well as evaporation.

, then the system much adjust to balance this and so the temperature at the surface rises.

Although the temperature at surface of the sun is 5800K, by the time it has spread out across 93 million miles of space it is too diffuse.

Also, the current theory gives a large discontinuity between the surface temperature and the air temperature at the surface.

Temperatures at the surface, in the troposphere (the active weather layer extending up to about 5 to 10 miles above the ground), and in the oceans have all increased over recent decades (Figure 2.2).

But, it does not eliminate it... because the increase in the effective radiating level still occurs... and the temperature at the surface is determined by extrapolating down from this level using the lapse rate.

The record temperatures occurred despite a moderate occurrence of La Niña, a phenomenon over the Pacific Ocean that tends to lead to cooler temperatures at the surface, affecting the global mean.

Indeed, for anyone who denies the basic principle of the greenhouse effect, as the author seems to, there is a need to explain why the average temperature at the surface of the Earth (or Venus) is higher than it «should» be at the relevant distance from the Sun.

I have a basic knowledge of physics, but I simply can not understand the connection between change in radiation in the amosphere, and change in temperature at the surface.

Brine temperature at surface must be equal or infinitesimally less than that of ocean floor so that brine density at surface is equal or slightly greater than that of ocean floor.

Over the twentieth century, the methods used to measure the temperature at the surface of the ocean have changed.

And radiative balance at the surface won't be achieved by a change in temperature at the surface of 0.0005 K.

This will give higher temperature at the surface of ocean than below and as the consequence the net heat flow into the ocean.

Between 1850 and 1990 the global - mean temperature at the surface of the Earth warmed by approximately 0.5 °C (about 1 °F).

«Since oxygen concentrations in the ocean naturally vary depending on variations in winds and temperature at the surface, it's been challenging to attribute any deoxygenation to climate change.»

The temperature analysis conducted by NASA draws data from more than 1,000 meteorological stations worldwide, satellite observations of temperatures at the surface of the oceans, and measurements taken by Antarctic research stations.

Satellite data provide a bulk estimate of temperature in the height range of one to ten kilometres above the surface, and so are not directly comparable to temperatures at the surface.

The reverse is true during cool and wet summers, when the magnitude of cooler than normal temperatures at the surface is not matched in the upper air.

The fig leaf of chaos can not hide the ubiquitous discontinuities of model temperatures at the surface - atmosphere interface or global accumulations of energy (positive Lyapunov exponents) under steady - state inputs and invariant response characteristics.

However, if all else was equal except for the affect of so - caled «greenhouse gases» I am confident the mean temperature at the Surface would be about that much cooler.

I am trying to figure out why a doubling of atmospheric N2 would necessarily cause a dramatic increase in temperatures at the surface, as I have seen some propose.

Then, by using the lapse rate, you can get the temperature at the surface.

I also refuted the notion that the lapse rate «explains» the temperature at the surface.

Adding CO2 increases that level; hence the level in the atmosphere at which the temperature must be 255 K is now higher, meaning that the temperature at the surface is now higher.

Taking this into account raises the temperature at the surface.

You still need to set the value of the temperature at some point along that line in order to determine the temperature at the surface (or anywhere).

Since the mean temperature at the surface of the Earth is 288 Kelvins (+15 ºC which is 59ºF), that leaves 33 Kelvins (33ºC which is 58ºF) to be accounted for.

It does not by itself tell you what the temperature at the surface is.

-- The temperature at the surface and at height can be explained without recourse to radiative theory which to me means that the temperature is determined by the fact that we have an atmosphere not necessarily because we have an atmosphere with GHGs.

«However, the actual mean temperature at the Surface is closer to 288 K.

Notice that the Earth System mean temperature I had to use to provide 240 Watts / m ^ 2 of radiation to Space to balance the input absorbed from by the Earth System from the Sun was 255 K. However, the actual mean temperature at the Surface is closer to 288 K.

Radiative balance of the earth system then sets the temperature at this level in the atmosphere and the temperature at the surface basically follows from the lapse rate.

Ira said: «Notice that the Earth System mean temperature I had to use to provide 240 Watts / m ^ 2 of radiation to Space to balance the input absorbed from by the Earth System from the Sun was 255 K. However, the actual mean temperature at the Surface is closer to 288 K.

No, the lapse rate can be used to calculate the temperature at the surface after the altitude and temperature of the tropopause is known.

With a step change in temperature at the surface of the ice sheet, and assuming a constant thickness of 2 km, the time required for the mid-point of the ice sheet to reflect only 50 % absorption of the energy reflecting the temperature increase is... 159.5 years.

Actually there's a fair size IR «window» where it does look the temperature at the surface.

This actually turns out to be a negative feedback... i.e., the lapse rate is reduced slightly so the temperature at the surface does not have to rise quite as much as would be predicted by just considering the change in the effective radiating level and a fixed lapse rate.)

However, this alone does not determine the temperature at the surface.