Sentences with phrase «temperatures over land in»

Average air temperatures over land in the Arctic have increased by 3 °C since the beginning of the 20th century.

The very strong correlation between observed dryness and high temperatures over land in the tropics during summer highlights the important role moisture plays in moderating climate.

The SST was largely irrelevant in these scenarios, as the small change in ocean temperature pales in comparison to the large change in atmospheric temperature over the land in the central US.

Not exact matches

As a result, avian temperature responses generally involve moving up or down in elevation rather than stretching or shrinking their ranges over land.

The World Bank estimates that over the next 15 years, the global economy will require $ 89 trillion in infrastructure investments across cities, energy and land - use systems, and $ 4.1 trillion in incremental investment for the low - carbon transition to keep within the internationally agreed limit of a 2 - degree - Celsius temperature rise.

Land - use changes over the past 250 years in Europe have been huge, yet, they only caused a relatively small temperature increase, equal to roughly 6 % of the warming produced by global fossil fuel burning, Naudts noted.

While Earth's landmass has warmed by about 1 degree Celsius (about 2 degrees Fahrenheit) over the past century, on average, land temperatures in the Arctic have risen almost 2 C (3.6 F).

According to NOAA scientists, the globally averaged temperature over land and ocean surfaces for August 2014 was the highest for August since record keeping began in 1880.

Pielke, who said one issue ignored in the paper is that land surface temperature measurements over time show bigger warming trends than measurements from higher up in a part of the atmosphere called the lower troposphere, and that still needs more explanation.

In addition, the data density and geographic extent of this study is far greater than most previous studies because over 16,000 stream temperature sites were used with thousands of biological survey locations to provide precise information at scales relevant to land managers and conservationists.

The experiments showed that, if Antarctica's land height is reduced, temperatures in the region respond more strongly to a rise in the concentration of greenhouse gases over the continent.

They found that AP increased faster than air temperature (AT) over land in the past few decades, especially in the low latitude areas, and the rise is expected to continue in the future.

Using updated and corrected temperature observations taken at thousands of weather observing stations over land and as many commercial ships and buoys at sea, the researchers show that temperatures in the 21st century did not plateau, as thought.

This translates into an average temperature rise of 4.3 C over land in the northern hemisphere where most of the world's population lives, and even more in urban areas.

However, for the globe as a whole, surface air temperatures over land have risen at about double the ocean rate after 1979 (more than 0.27 °C per decade vs. 0.13 °C per decade), with the greatest warming during winter (December to February) and spring (March to May) in the Northern Hemisphere.

Surface specific humidity has generally increased after 1976 in close association with higher temperatures over both land and ocean.

Pierre, could you comment on what, exactly, is new in the recent Philipona paper, compared with the two similar papers they published last year («Greenhouse forcing outweighs decreasing solar radiation driving rapid temperature rise over land», «Radiative forcing — measured at Earth's surface — corroborate the increasing greenhouse effect»)?

In addition to the surface data described above, measurements of temperature above the surface have been made with weather balloons, with reasonable coverage over land since 1958, and from satellite data since 1979.

The Nature article comes as climate scientists published what they said today was the «best ever» collection of evidence for global warming, including temperature over land, at sea and in the higher atmosphere, along with records of humidity, sea - level rise, and melting ice.

Warming has occurred in both land and ocean domains, and in both sea surface temperature (SST) and nighttime marine air temperature over the oceans.

Global mean temperatures averaged over land and ocean surfaces, from three different estimates, each of which has been independently adjusted for various homogeneity issues, are consistent within uncertainty estimates over the period 1901 to 2005 and show similar rates of increase in recent decades.

The forcing over the last 150 years is around 1.6 W / m2 (including cooling effects from aerosols and land use change) but the climate is not (yet) in equilibirum, and so the full temperature response has not been acheived.

Land surface temperatures (LSTs) in January 2014 over Australia monitored by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA's Terra satellite.

And finally, current theories based on greenhouse gas increases, changes in solar, volcanic, ozone, land use and aerosol forcing do a pretty good job of explaining the temperature changes over the 20th Century.

The globally averaged temperature over land and ocean surfaces for 2015 was the highest among all years since record keeping began in 1880.

The climate in most places has undergone minor changes over the past 200 years, and the land - based surface temperature record of the past 100 years exhibits warming trends in many places.

«We show that at the present - day warming of 0.85 °C about 18 % of the moderate daily precipitation extremes over land are attributable to the observed temperature increase since pre-industrial times, which in turn primarily results from human influence,» the research team said.

The «bounce» seen in November 2010 was driven by record - warm temperature anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere, particularly over land.

In addition, since the global surface temperature records are a measure that responds to albedo changes (volcanic aerosols, cloud cover, land use, snow and ice cover) solar output, and differences in partition of various forcings into the oceans / atmosphere / land / cryosphere, teasing out just the effect of CO2 + water vapor over the short term is difficult to impossiblIn addition, since the global surface temperature records are a measure that responds to albedo changes (volcanic aerosols, cloud cover, land use, snow and ice cover) solar output, and differences in partition of various forcings into the oceans / atmosphere / land / cryosphere, teasing out just the effect of CO2 + water vapor over the short term is difficult to impossiblin partition of various forcings into the oceans / atmosphere / land / cryosphere, teasing out just the effect of CO2 + water vapor over the short term is difficult to impossible.

With the anthropogenic perturbation likely to be around 2C and maybe more in the next 100 years (that's a global average, it will be much more over northern hemisphere land where we actually live), there are simply no comparable sources of natural variability, and the historical record shows that such temperatures have not been approached in the last 2000 years.

All of the discussion about accelerating increases in temperature that I've read over the last couple of years pin the effect on feedbacks.Particularly changes in the land.

Thus, small changes of global average air temperature are associated with very large changes in some regions, particularly over land, at mid - to high latitudes, in mountain regions.

The paper in Nature Climate Change, «Temperature and vegetation seasonality diminishment over northern lands,» pulls together a wide array of research, including the work by Bruce Forbes of the University of Lapland last year, on what I called «pop - up forests» — patches of rapidly - growing tundra shrubs.

Seems to me the debate about AGHG global warming and increasing TC frequency / intensity / duration boils down to the fact that as sea surface temperatures, as well as deeper water temperatures rise, the wallop of any TC over warmer seas without mitigating circumstances like wind sheer and dry air off land masses entrained in the cyclone will likely be much more devastating.

And at last they have found a new one: they suggest that the difference in the temperature increase over land and the oceans during the last decades might be due to contaminations of the land temperature record — They call it an anomalous behaviour — ignoring that it corresponds fully to what is physically expected.

«One of the most significant signals in the thermometer - observed temperature record since 1900 is the decrease in the diurnal temperature range over land, largely due to warming of the minimum temperatures... Climate models have in general not replicated the change in diurnal temperature range well.

As far as I am aware, temperatures of the atmosphere close to the surface, rather than the actual surface, are usually measured over land, unless measured remotely by satellites, in which case the temperature of the material overlaying the Earth's surface is measured, rarely the surface itself.

In the summer months, land temperatures are higher than sea temperatures and the heaviest showers occur over eastern England.

Temperatures over land and ocean have gone up 0.8 ° Celsius (1.4 ° Fahrenheit), on average, in that span:

Notably, by studying the clouds over a limited region of the atmosphere over the eastern Pacific Ocean, as well as over nearby land masses, the team at the university's International Pacific Research Centre have declared themselves firmly in the latter camp, warning that, as temperatures continue to creep steadily upwards over the next 100 years, cloud cover will become thinner and more - sparse, thereby serving to exacerbate the problem.

Surface temperatures over land regions have warmed at a faster rate than over the oceans in both hemispheres.

Temperature change from climate models, including that reported in 1988 (12), usually refers to temperature of surface air over both landTemperature change from climate models, including that reported in 1988 (12), usually refers to temperature of surface air over both landtemperature of surface air over both land and ocean.

Similarly, if there is an increase in the difference between land and ocean temperatures, the rising air over land draws in moist air from the ocean and lifts it, leading to monsoons.

Spring drying of the land surface over Europe was an important factor in the occurrence of the extreme 2003 temperatures.

By comparing modelled and observed changes in such indices, which include the global mean surface temperature, the land - ocean temperature contrast, the temperature contrast between the NH and SH, the mean magnitude of the annual cycle in temperature over land and the mean meridional temperature gradient in the NH mid-latitudes, Braganza et al. (2004) estimate that anthropogenic forcing accounts for almost all of the warming observed between 1946 and 1995 whereas warming between 1896 and 1945 is explained by a combination of anthropogenic and natural forcing and internal variability.

The combined average temperature over global land and ocean surfaces for April 2016 was 1.98 °F above the 20th century average — the highest temperature departure for April since global records began in 1880.

This warming can be seen in measurements of troposphere temperatures measured by weather balloons and satellites, in measurements of ocean heat content, sea surface temperature (measured in situ and by satellites), air temperatures over the ocean, air temperature over land.

Figure 1 shows the change in the world's air temperature averaged over all the land and ocean between 1975 and 2008.

[Response: I guess you missed the part about them only showing correlation with short - term fluctuations — nothing at all to do with any «70 - yr cycle» — in temperature over land only.

So for us people with some engineering experience, that gives us an intuitive feel for why temperatures are hotter over land than what is in the average SST data.