Sentences with phrase «temperatures over sea»

Frank showed that ground based and satellite based temperatures over sea are very similar, while ground based measurements have a significantly higher trend over land.

They applied a new method that fills in missing temperatures over sea ice by combining satellite data for missing areas with a method known as «kriging,» which calculates missing data by checking nearby temperature station readings.

And air temperatures over exposed land surfaces should warm differently than air temperatures over sea ice, especially when open ocean separates them.

I was very fortunate to be able to attend this meeting, and talking to the experts there was critical to understanding the behaviour of air temperatures over sea ice - this led to section 5 in the paper and our more recent update.

You almost assuredly saw at least one story about how the potent storm that triggered deadly tornado outbreaks and flooding across the South and Midwest in recent days carried so much warm air to the North Pole that temperatures over the sea ice, normally well below zero through the dark boreal winter, briefly hitting 33 degrees Fahrenheit today.

An analysis of data pertaining to the period 1861 — 1986 reveals that (1) a 1 °C rise in the mean annual air temperature of the British Isles has historically been associated with a 35 % drop in the percentage of days that the United Kingdom has experienced cyclonic flow, and (2) a 2 °C increase in the mean annual air temperature over the sea to the north has typically been matched by a 60 % drop in the percentage of days that the isles have experienced cyclonic flow originating from that source region.

Also, the air temperature over sea ice question isn't closed.

b Trends surface temperature from the GOGA CAM3 simulations (background colorscale; air temperature over sea ice and SST elsewhere) along with the Z850 trend produced by the model simulations (black contours; negative dashed and positive solid; interval of 3 m / decade) and the simulated convective precipitation trends (positive green contours, negative red contours, contoured at − 0.7, − 0.3, − 0.1, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.7 mm / day / decade, shown only for 45 ° S — 45 ° N. (c) As in (b) but for the TOGA CAM3 simulations.

In both GOGA and TOGA simulations, the surface temperature over sea ice can respond to both prescribed sea ice and simulated atmospheric circulation changes, which explains differences with observations

In this case upscaling is not carried out since the GCM uncertainty has already been taken into account in the original literature; h — cases where sea surface temperature is the important variable, hence upscaling has been carried out using the maps from Meehl et al. (2007), using Figures 10.5 and 10.8, taking the increases in local annual mean (or where appropriate seasonal, from Figure 10.9) surface air temperature over the sea as equal to the local increases in annual mean or seasonal sea surface temperature.

Not exact matches

«For sea surface temperature change, you would have to do it over a very large area and you would have to do it quickly,» he said.

Warm sea surface temperature anomalies persist off to W and SW of San Diego, but are smaller than in previous weeks over the past month.

1) Pre-heat oven to 300 deg Fahrenheit (150 deg cel) 2) Line one large baking sheet (0r two medium baking sheets) with parchment paper 3) In a large bowl, combine the oats, chia seeds, flax seeds, raisins, almonds and other nuts, and mix well 4) In a smaller bowl, whisk together the honey, light brown sugar, melted butter and cinnamon until smooth and sugar has dissolved 5) Pour the honey mixture over the dry ingredients and stir well until you get a homogeneous mixture 6) Pour the mixture over the baking sheets and spread evenly with a spatula, then season lightly with sea salt 7) Bake for 15 minutes, then stir the granola gently (to make sure all sides are cooked) 8) At this point, you may need to switch the baking sheets (if you are using 2) so the granola cooks evenly 9) Bake for another 15 minutes, then stir again, before cooking for a final 15 minutes or until golden brown 10) Remove granola from the oven and place on cooking racks until completely cool and crisp 11) Store granola in air - tight containers at room temperature.

Shipping containers used to ship the coconut oil to the US by sea from the tropics can reach temperatures of over 130 degrees F.

The sediments contain extremely rich information about the climate over millions of years — including sea surface temperature.

Using different calibration and filtering processes, the two researchers succeeded in combining a wide variety of available data from temperature measurements and climate archives in such a way that they were able to compare the reconstructed sea surface temperature variations at different locations around the globe on different time scales over a period of 7,000 years.

The findings were not a total surprise, with future projections showing that even with moderate climate warming, air temperatures over the higher altitudes increase even more than at sea level, and that, on average, fewer winter storm systems will impact the state.

They include higher sea surface temperatures over the Indian Ocean, which can lead to greater rainfall over the sea rather than on land.

Studies of sea level and temperatures over the past million years suggest that each 1 °C rise in the global mean temperature eventually leads to a 20 - metre rise in sea level.

New data on the relationship among carbon dioxide, sea level and temperature over the last 20,000 years was the basis for looking forward 10,000 years.

The other global flu pandemics over the past century — in 1957, 1968 and 2009 — also followed cooler sea surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean.

Researchers from the University of Southampton, the National Oceanography Centre and the Australian National University developed a new method for determining sea - level and deep - sea temperature variability over the past 5.3 million years.

And a third found that climate - induced sea - surface temperature anomalies over the northeast Pacific were driving storms (and moisture) away from California, but the warming also caused increased humidity — two competing factors that may produce no net effect.

King penguins are in fact picky animals: in order to form a colony where they can mate, lay eggs and rear chicks over a year, they need tolerable temperature all year round, no winter sea ice around the island, and smooth beach of sand or pebbles.

The government dataset, called the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature version 4, increased the sea surface temperature trend estimate over the last 18 years from 0.07 ° Celsius per decade to 0.12 ° Celsius per decade, partly because of adjustments for different types of measuring instrumenSea Surface Temperature version 4, increased the sea surface temperature trend estimate over the last 18 years from 0.07 ° Celsius per decade to 0.12 ° Celsius per decade, partly because of adjustments for different types of measuring iTemperature version 4, increased the sea surface temperature trend estimate over the last 18 years from 0.07 ° Celsius per decade to 0.12 ° Celsius per decade, partly because of adjustments for different types of measuring instrumensea surface temperature trend estimate over the last 18 years from 0.07 ° Celsius per decade to 0.12 ° Celsius per decade, partly because of adjustments for different types of measuring itemperature trend estimate over the last 18 years from 0.07 ° Celsius per decade to 0.12 ° Celsius per decade, partly because of adjustments for different types of measuring instruments.

Analyzing data collected over a 20 - month period, scientists from NASA's Goddard Space Flight center in Greenbelt, Md., and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology found that the number of cirrus clouds above the Pacific Ocean declines with warmer sea surface temperatures.

«Sea surface temperatures are getting warmer over the North Atlantic, and are known to fluctuate every 60 to 80 years,» says Majeed.

El Niño thus leaves its mark on the Quelccaya ice cap as a chemical signature (especially in oxygen isotopes) indicating sea surface temperatures in the equatorial Pacific Ocean over much of the past 1,800 years.

A group of climatologists at Georgia Tech claim that a rise in sea surface temperatures over the last 30 years is «directly linked» to increases in the number of intense hurricanes.

This would still lead to substantial climate change, with the temperature rising by 2 °C to 5 °C and the sea level rising by 0.3 to 0.8 metres by 2100, and by 7 to 13 metres over the next millennium.

Kevin Trenbeth, a climate scientist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colo., said the study didn't account for changes in sea surface temperatures, which are the main drivers of changes in the position of the rain belts (as is seen during an El Nino event, when Pacific warming pushes the subtropical jet over the Western U.S. southward).

The extreme high pressure over the Barents Sea also led to a decrease in the air temperature.

Arctic sea ice melt fueled by ever - rising global temperatures is also opening the already fragile region to increased shipping traffic and may be affecting weather patterns over Europe, Asia and North America.

Researchers from the University of California Irvine have shown that a phenomenon known as the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO)-- a natural pattern of variation in North Atlantic sea surface temperatures that switches between a positive and negative phase every 60 - 70 years — can affect an atmospheric circulation pattern, known as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), that influences the temperature and precipitation over the Northern Hemisphere in winter.

When the AMO is in its positive phase and the sea surface temperatures are warmer, the study has shown that the main effect in winter is to promote the negative phase of the NAO which leads to «blocking» episodes over the North Atlantic sector, allowing cold weather systems to exist over the eastern US and Europe.

El Niño is a weather pattern characterized by a periodic fluctuation in sea surface temperature and air pressure in the Pacific Ocean, which causes climate variability over the course of years, sometimes even decades.

One, again, is changing wind patterns; in July, NSIDC noted that a strong - low pressure pattern over the Amundsen Sea during June had brought lower - than - usual temperatures.

Scientists now think that massive volcanic activity, in a Large Igneous Province called the Siberian Traps, raised air and sea temperatures and released toxic amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere over a very short period of time.

In late 2010 and early 2011, the continent Down Under received about twice its normal complement of rain, thanks in large part to unusually warm sea - surface temperatures just north of Australia and a particularly strong La Niña — in essence, combining a source of warm humid air with the weather patterns that steered the moisture over the continent where it condensed and fell as precipitation.

Changes in the temperature of the sea surface in the Indian and Atlantic Oceans are linked to the pattern of rainfall over parts of the surrounding continents.

The new method has already been used to examine climatic records of sea surface temperature at 65,000 points around the world over a period of 28 years and provided scientists with a clear understanding of when and where temperature fluctuations occur.

Using updated and corrected temperature observations taken at thousands of weather observing stations over land and as many commercial ships and buoys at sea, the researchers show that temperatures in the 21st century did not plateau, as thought.

Note, the low Arctic sea - ice extent over the last summers are independent evidence of high Arctic temperatures.

From studies of changes in temperature and sea level over the last million years, we know that the climate system has tipping points.

Whilst it's natural to start with air temperatures, a more thorough examination should be as inclusive as possible; snow cover, ice melt, air temperatures over land and sea, even the sea temperatures themselves.

The increase in sea surface temperature over the central and eastern equatorial Pacific known as El Niño, and the corresponding decrease known as La Niña, contribute to seasonal climate and weather fluctuations in many regions of the globe.

The most important bias globally was the modification in measured sea surface temperatures associated with the change from ships throwing a bucket over the side, bringing some ocean water on deck, and putting a thermometer in it, to reading the thermometer in the engine coolant water intake.

In the Eastern Pacific, sea - surface temperatures are about two degrees colder than normal over an area the size of the United States.

Here, we report on local and global changes in MHW characteristics over time as recorded by satellite and in situ measurements of sea surface temperature (SST) and defined using a quantitative MHW framework, which allows for comparisons across regions and events1.

The Nature article comes as climate scientists published what they said today was the «best ever» collection of evidence for global warming, including temperature over land, at sea and in the higher atmosphere, along with records of humidity, sea - level rise, and melting ice.