Sentences with phrase «temperatures over the ocean over»

Not exact matches

While this is bad news for the planet, it's good news for climate change scientists who have — for the last two decades — puzzled over warming trends in ocean surface temperatures for nearly 20 years.

Bacteria thrive virtually everywhere on Earth — from sub-zero temperatures to over 750 degrees F (in hydrothermal vents at the bottom of the ocean), and in widely varying oxygen, pressure and nutrient conditions.

The researchers studied temperature measurements over the last 150 years, ice core data from Greenland from the interglacial period 12,000 years ago, for the ice age 120,000 years ago, ice core data from Antarctica, which goes back 800,000 years, as well as data from ocean sediment cores going back 5 million years.

Based on modeling results by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), which predicted that Pacific Ocean temperatures would rise by 1 degree Celsius (2 degrees Fahrenheit) over the next 50 years, a Canadian and U.S. team of scientists examined the distributional changes of 28 species of fish including salmon, herring, certain species of sharks, anchovies, sardines and more northern fish like pollock.

They include higher sea surface temperatures over the Indian Ocean, which can lead to greater rainfall over the sea rather than on land.

The other global flu pandemics over the past century — in 1957, 1968 and 2009 — also followed cooler sea surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean.

Comparing layers in the ice - core samples and ocean sediments has allowed researchers to deduce e.g. how the average temperature on Earth has changed over time, and also how great the variability was.

The exceptional strengthening of a high - pressure area in Siberia, which brought freezing temperatures to Finland in late February and early March, may be partly the result of atmospheric warming over the Arctic Ocean.

Terrestrial ecosystems have encountered substantial warming over the past century, with temperatures increasing about twice as rapidly over land as over the oceans.

«Mars for example is in the sun's habitable zone, but it has no oceans — causing air temperatures to swing over a range of 100OC.

Southern Ocean seafloor water temperatures are projected to warm by an average of 0.4 °C over this century with some areas possibly increasing by as much as 2 °C.

Analyzing data collected over a 20 - month period, scientists from NASA's Goddard Space Flight center in Greenbelt, Md., and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology found that the number of cirrus clouds above the Pacific Ocean declines with warmer sea surface temperatures.

Ranging from the magnesium levels in microscopic seashells pulled from ocean sediment cores to pollen counts in layers of muck from lakebeds, the proxies delivered thousands of temperature readings over the period.

Land and Ocean Combined: The combined average temperature over global land and ocean surfaces for August 2014 was the record highest for the month, at 61.45 °F (16.35 °C), or 1.35 °F (0.75 °C) above the 20th century average of 60.1 °F (15.6Ocean Combined: The combined average temperature over global land and ocean surfaces for August 2014 was the record highest for the month, at 61.45 °F (16.35 °C), or 1.35 °F (0.75 °C) above the 20th century average of 60.1 °F (15.6ocean surfaces for August 2014 was the record highest for the month, at 61.45 °F (16.35 °C), or 1.35 °F (0.75 °C) above the 20th century average of 60.1 °F (15.6 °C).

The global average temperature over land and ocean surfaces for January to October 2014 was the highest on record, according to the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

Instead, the researcher and his colleagues use historic measurements of air pressure and ocean temperatures, put into a model, to calibrate surface temperatures over the 20th century.

According to NOAA scientists, the globally averaged temperature over land and ocean surfaces for August 2014 was the highest for August since record keeping began in 1880.

To model the projected impact of climate change on marine biodiversity, the researchers used climate - velocity trajectories, a measurement which combines the rate and direction of movement of ocean temperature bands over time, together with information about thermal tolerance and habitat preference.

The high October temperature was driven by warmth across the globe over both the land and ocean surfaces and was fairly evenly distributed between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

Over the past 60 years, winter temperatures in the northwestern part of the peninsula have soared by 11 degrees F. Year - round temperatures have risen by 5 degrees F and the surrounding ocean is warming.

El Niño thus leaves its mark on the Quelccaya ice cap as a chemical signature (especially in oxygen isotopes) indicating sea surface temperatures in the equatorial Pacific Ocean over much of the past 1,800 years.

The blue colours over the ocean correspond to a temperature range of 285 — 295 K.

However, when temperatures warm over the Antarctic regions, deep waters rise from the floor of the ocean much closer to the continent.

Another principal investigator for the project, Laura Pan, senior scientist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colo., believes storm clusters over this area of the Pacific are likely to influence climate in new ways, especially as the warm ocean temperatures (which feed the storms and chimney) continue to heat up and atmospheric patterns continue to evolve.

«Both of these studies are looking at how [ocean temperature] is changing over time.

The AMO, in which temperatures over a large swath of the northern Atlantic Ocean fluctuate between warm and cold phases on a 50 - to 70 - year cycle, is one example.

«This means clumps of atoms surrounded by a bath at some temperature, like the atmosphere or the ocean, should tend over time to arrange themselves to resonate better and better with the sources of mechanical, electromagnetic or chemical work in their environments,» England explained.

Scientists working off the California coast use chemical - sniffing probes, robotically driven subs, and seafloor - tethered temperature sensors to watch flows of lava pave over a once - thriving ecosystem at hydrothermal vents several kilometers below the ocean's surface.

To create their estimate, the researchers took the most recent understanding for how rocks, oceans, and air temperature interact, and put that into a computer simulation of Earth's temperature over the past 4 billion years.

Hard and soft corals are presently bleaching - losing their symbiotic algae — all over the coral reefs of the Florida Keys due to unusually warm ocean temperatures this summer.

El Niño is a weather pattern characterized by a periodic fluctuation in sea surface temperature and air pressure in the Pacific Ocean, which causes climate variability over the course of years, sometimes even decades.

The Gulf Stream, an ocean current that brings warm water from the equator toward the North Atlantic, has been credited with this observed variation in temperature for over a century.

Compared to seasonal norms, the coldest place in Earth's atmosphere in May was over the northern Pacific Ocean, where temperatures were as much as 2.08 C (about 3.74 degrees Fahrenheit) cooler than seasonal norms.

So DNA from buried sediments could be used to track the abundance of different species over time, revealing changes in ocean temperature.

Temperature and pressure changes over the Southern Ocean are thought to have pushed these westerlies 3 to 4 degrees south over the last 50 years.

For the past ten years, the Tara Oceans research vessel has traversed over 180,000 miles across all the world's oceans collecting biological samples and information about the oceans» physical parameters like depth, temperature and salOceans research vessel has traversed over 180,000 miles across all the world's oceans collecting biological samples and information about the oceans» physical parameters like depth, temperature and saloceans collecting biological samples and information about the oceans» physical parameters like depth, temperature and saloceans» physical parameters like depth, temperature and salinity.

The effects of wind changes, which were found to potentially increase temperatures in the Southern Ocean between 660 feet and 2,300 feet below the surface by 2 °C, or nearly 3.6 °F, are over and above the ocean warming that's being caused by the heat - trapping effects of greenhouse gOcean between 660 feet and 2,300 feet below the surface by 2 °C, or nearly 3.6 °F, are over and above the ocean warming that's being caused by the heat - trapping effects of greenhouse gocean warming that's being caused by the heat - trapping effects of greenhouse gases.

Prior to World War II, the most common way to measure ocean temperatures was dropping a bucket over the side of a ship and scooping up some seawater and dunking a thermometer in.

So if cyanobacteria are shaping the temperature of their growing patch of the ocean to favor themselves over cold - water critters, researchers want to know how they are doing it and what to expect next, says climate scientist Sebastian Sonntag of the University of Hamburg in Germany.

But ocean temperatures alone don't define an El Niño; CPC forecasters also look for the corresponding shifts in atmospheric patterns, namely a weakening of the typical east - to - west trade winds over the region.

Winds over the Atlantic Ocean also appear to modulate global surface temperatures, albeit to a lesser extent than those over the Pacific Ocean.

Here we show that variation in phytoplankton temperature optima over 150 degrees of latitude is well explained by a gradient in mean ocean temperature.

Changes in the temperature of the sea surface in the Indian and Atlantic Oceans are linked to the pattern of rainfall over parts of the surrounding continents.

Temperatures in the upper 700 meters of the ocean rose over the last two decades of the 20th century before flattening out in 2003.

Note that we've got a paper soon to come out in «The Cryosphere» (and we'll have a poster at AGU) looking at recent «Arctic Amplification» that you discuss (the stronger rise in surface air temperatures over the Arctic Ocean compared to lower latitudes).

The NOAA report card on the Arctic was based on the CRUTEM 3v data set (see figure below) which excludes temperatures over the ocean — thus showing an even less complete picture of the Arctic temperatures.

According to the Land & Ocean Temperature Percentiles map above, monthly record warmth was observed over much of northern Canada, far northwestern Russia, southern Japan, the Philippines, part of southwestern China, and central southern Africa.

Additionally, the paper supports the theory that heat storage in the deep ocean may be partly responsible for the parallel pause in Earth's surface temperatures over the past 13 years.

Upper ocean temperatures have warmed significantly in most regions of the world over recent decades, with anthropogenic greenhouse gas forcing very likely being the main contributor21.

However, for the globe as a whole, surface air temperatures over land have risen at about double the ocean rate after 1979 (more than 0.27 °C per decade vs. 0.13 °C per decade), with the greatest warming during winter (December to February) and spring (March to May) in the Northern Hemisphere.