Sentences with phrase «temporary emigration»

Robust design multi-season mark - recapture modelling [27] was used to estimate life history parameters such as survival, temporary emigration and immigration, and changes in abundance.

For individuals marked as young, the probability of random temporary emigration and immigration was estimated to be 0.6 (SE + − 0.19) and 0.68 (SE + − 0.32) respectively, before and after the age of 2 years, suggesting that an estimated 60 — 68 % of young individuals emigrated from the study area, potentially returning subsequently (Table 4).

We examine the trends in population abundance and sex ratio, and estimate the detectability, survival probability and probabilities of temporary emigration and immigration for adult and young snow leopards.

We used robust design multi-season mark - recapture analysis to estimate the trends in abundance, sex ratio, survival probability and the probability of temporary emigration and immigration for adult and young snow leopards.

In addition to population trends, population monitoring programs can help better understand the biology of the species, especially the fundamental processes of survival, reproduction and temporary emigration and immigration, along with their associated vital rates [1].

While we could estimate temporary emigration and immigration, our study design did not allow us to differentiate between permanent migration and mortality.

We tested the probabilities of temporary emigration and immigration to be random as well as Markovian.

Young snow leopards showed a high probability of temporary emigration and immigration (0.6, SE + − 0.19 and 0.68, SE + − 0.32 before and after the age of 2 years) though not the adults (0.02 SE + − 0.07).

We grouped encounter histories into two categories for multi-season analysis of survival and temporary emigration and immigration - individuals first time marked as young (cubs accompanying mother) and first time marked as adult.

Markovian models expect that the probability of an individual being in a particular state (within the population or as a migrant) is dependent on its previous state, whereas random models expect that the probabilities of temporary emigration and immigration are independent of the previous state [28].

Using robust design analysis of multi-season data, we developed several models to understand the effects of different variables on the modelled parameters that included survival probability, temporary emigration and immigration, and capture and recapture probabilities.