Terahertz refers to a unit of measurement used to describe frequencies or wavelengths of electromagnetic waves. It is abbreviated as THz. It lies in between microwave and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Terahertz waves are often used in scientific research and technology applications like imaging, communication, and sensing.
Full definition
As a result, creating coherent artificial sources of
terahertz radiation in order to harness it for human use requires some ingenuity.
Scientists and engineers have only recently begun exploring the potential
of terahertz waves, however.
That has researchers thinking about transmitting data on higher - frequency
terahertz waves, which have as much as 100 times the data - carrying capacity of microwaves.
«Various possibilities for controlling light
in terahertz frequency range.»
Demand for higher bandwidth in wireless communications and depiction for security applications has led to intensified research on systems and components intended for
terahertz frequencies.
The discovery made at Vienna University of Technology now opens up the possibility of integrating a light detector
for terahertz radiation into a chip.
To the naked eye the images look like an array of identical looking lines, but when viewed
with terahertz radiation, the embedded QR code image becomes apparent.
The results are good news for the feasibility of future
terahertz wireless data networks, which have the potential to carry many times more data than current networks.
Because the crystal then is agile in transmitting
terahertz light at varying frequencies, it could increase the bandwidth of high - speed communication networks and generally enhance high - speed electronics.
Specific high - resolution instruments are based on
terahertz quantum - cascade lasers, but operate only at cryogenic temperatures.
This is not only another record for TU Vienna, breaking the one - watt barrier is considered to be an important step for the application of
terahertz lasers in a variety of technological fields.
Phiar technology could become a central part of imaging systems such as airport security devices that rely on radiation moving
at terahertz speeds to scan passengers for contraband, penetrating materials otherwise opaque to visible or infrared radiation.
As terahertz waves travel down the waveguide, some of the radiation leaks out of the slit.
In the 18 November issue of Nature, physicists Kanglin Wang and Daniel Mittleman of Rice University in Houston, Texas, show that plain stainless steel wires work just fine, with
terahertz pulses even traveling down bends in the lines.
The work is important because scientists are just beginning to understand the details of how
terahertz data links behave in the elements, Mittleman says.
In recent years, there has been growing interest in developing practical devices based on
terahertz technology.
With the help of the two - dimensional material graphene, the first flexible
terahertz detector has been developed by researchers at Chalmers.
Nahata's team
used terahertz radiation to read the coded information because the wavelengths in this region are best suited for imaging the resolution available from commercial inkjet printers.
By integrating hard - core experimental technologies, such as
terahertz spectroscopy, to X-ray absorption and analyses the researchers measured changes in the coupled protein - water motions during enzymatic reaction.
Now, Chalmers researchers Xinxin Yang, Andrei Vorobiev, Andrey Generalov, Michael A. Andersson and Jan Stake have developed the first mechanically flexible and graphene -
based terahertz detector in its kind.
The researchers also performed several outdoor experiments
on terahertz wireless links.
While extremely useful,
terahertz spectrum has traditionally remained unexploited despite its usefulness in fields ranging from physics to biology because of the large size and cost of the systems.
Naturally occurring moisture in air
absorbs terahertz waves, weakening the signal and sensing capabilities.
These use
terahertz rays, which lie between microwaves and infrared radiation on the electromagnetic spectrum.
In optics it could lead to new beam deflectors or filters for
terahertz imaging and in acoustics it might be possible to create acoustic barriers that can be optimised depending on the changing nature of the incident sound.
Co-author and BC Professor Krzysztof Kempa added that the 3D NEC materials may enable new research
into terahertz optics and unique applications in areas such as metamaterials, pushing beyond the scope of two - dimensional systems that display NEC.
These surface phonon polaritons are analogous to electron oscillations in metals or doped - semiconductors, called plasmons, but offer the benefit of low losses and operation in the infrared to
terahertz spectral regions.
Now, the LMU and MPQ researchers have — for the first time — used optically
generated terahertz radiation.
'' [Our work] demonstrates a new approach for efficient energy conversation from a dc electric field to coherent, high - power and electrically tunable
terahertz emission by using hybrid semiconductors,» said Andrii Iurov, a researcher with a dual appointment at the University of New Mexico's Center for High Technology Materials and the City University of New York.
Passing terahertz radiation at the correct frequency and polarization through the array allows extraction of information encoded into the conductivity.»
«New approach to microlasers: Technique for «phase locking» arrays of tiny lasers could lead to
terahertz security scanners.»
Using computer simulations, they calculated
how terahertz waves would interact with cylinders of varying heights and widths.
For the study, Mittleman and his colleagues
bounced terahertz waves at four different frequencies off of a variety of objects — mirrors, metal doors, cinderblock walls and others — and measured the bit - error - rate of the data on the wave after the bounces.
The split - ring resonator «atoms,» however, can be placed in exactly the right pattern to
lens terahertz light.
Padilla has begun experimenting with custom materials and expects to have a functioning
terahertz camera within three years.
The chip with
several terahertz quantum - cascade lasers is soldered in the middle of a U-shaped contact pad with attached electrical leads.
Star Tiger aims to produce a compact colour
terahertz imager using state - of - the - art micromachining technology.
Researchers at Tohoku University have found a way to make covered or hidden PC steel wires visible, by developing a
new terahertz wave light source featuring both light and radio - wave characteristics.
Until recently, the range was rarely studied and few sources existed for microwave energy at the high end of the band (sub-millimeter waves or so -
called terahertz waves), but applications such as imaging and communications are now appearing.
Scientists are also looking to
apply Terahertz technology in the armed forces, where high frequency waves might be directed at enemy troops to incapacitate their electronic equipment.
[1] Gyrotron: A device capable of generating high -
power terahertz radiation.
«If we succeed in building the world's
first terahertz imager operating in these frequencies, it would represent a true breakthrough for submillimetre - wave remote sensing from space.
But now Caltech researchers have succeeded in
crafting terahertz - emitting silicon chips that are smaller than a dime using a standard, inexpensive electronics manufacturing technique.