In pre-clinical experiments, hESC - derived cardiomyocytes engraft in damaged myocardium and appear to behave like native cells; hESC - derived islet cells engraft, produce the hormones of the endocrine pancreas, and appear to do so under homeostatic control; etc. \ n \ nThere is no evidence of
teratomas from differentiated hESC - derived cells and minimal, if any, immune rejection.
Not exact matches
Many entities that are not embryos (
teratomas, parthenotes, complete hydatidiform moles, and even enucleated oocytes) resemble embryos to varying degrees and yet can be reliably distinguished
from embryos by careful comparison.
Because such cells are derived
from adult cells, not pluripotent cells — which have the potential to form a kind of tumour called a
teratoma — they might be safer than iPS cells.
The real test will be to inject these cells into mice and see if they form
teratomas — tumours containing tissue or structures derived
from all three germ layers.
Geneticist Robin Lovell - Badge of the U.K. Medical Research Council's National Institute for Medical Research points out that now «we have come full circle,» since the field of ES research first arose
from work on
teratomas 40 years ago.
ES cells
from a 129 mouse, on the other hand, were unable to form
teratomas in B6 mice because the animals» immune systems attacked the cells, which they recognized as foreign.
To their surprise, many of the cells failed to form
teratomas at all — similar to what the researchers saw when they transplanted ES cells
from one mouse strain to another.
A lower dose of the drug was not immediately lethal, the scientists report today in Nature, but the animals developed tumors that arise
from pluripotent cells called
teratomas.
The new iPS cells passed the standard tests for pluripotency: They formed tumors called
teratomas when injected into immunocompromised mice, and they could differentiate into cells
from the three main tissue types in the body, including neurons, muscle and gut epithelium.
For
teratoma formation, 5 × 106 cells of early passage (P5) and late passage (P15)
from each iPS cell line were harvested and injected intramuscularly into SCID - beige mice.
Mouse iPS cells are indistinguishable
from ES cells in morphology, proliferation, gene expression and
teratoma formation.
Teratomas containing derivatives
from all three embryonic germ layers confirmed that the hiPSCs (but not the original NPCs used) were pluripotent and able to differentiate to complex tissues in two different experimental settings (Fig. 2J and Figure S3).
J, Hematoxylin and eosin staining of
teratoma sections generated
from integration - free iPSC lines showing differentiation in three germ layers: goblet cells in gastro - intestinal (GI) tract (endoderm); neural rosettes (ectoderm) and blood vessels, muscle and cartilage / bone (mesoderm).
Additionally, single - cell derived bovine iPSCs formed embryoid bodies and
teratomas that all subsequently gave rise to differentiated cells
from all three embryonic germ layers.