Sentences with phrase «term changes in»

Stress exposure in mature rodents is associated with immediate, but not lasting, changes in stress response systems (5, 6), suggesting the presence of an early sensitive period when exposure to adverse environments results in long - term changes in physiological stress response system functioning.

Much like day trading, swing trading depends upon short - term changes in stock prices, but offers an easier investment style for those who don't have a schedule that allows for trading during the day.

Yet new research has demonstrated that young adults are taking a particularly damaging hit in this economic downturn, and that the effects of their experiences during these formative years could cause long - term changes in their beliefs, values, and career choices.

Later in the program, Bob and Craig welcome Peter Zeughauser from the Zeughauser Group to take a look at the long - term changes in law practice caused by the recession.

In essence, Agility asks us to take long - term changes in direction into account.

It is also common for victims to experience long - or short - term changes in their memory, behavior and personality.

Not only was he the victim of a cyclical economic downturn, but he was also discouraged by longer - term changes in the practice of law.

There are even longer term changes in Pacific State that are intriguing.

Long - term changes in the earth's climate system are significant.

Physical risks can be acute — from severe weather events — or chronic, from long - term changes in weather patterns.

Big short term changes in loss of heat to space....

-- or chronic, from long - term changes in weather patterns.

By that I mean long term changes in climate that can be attributed to warming, as opposed to weather events such as Hurricane Katrina or the (formerly) warm eastern North American winter.

«Our results imply that because dust plays a role in modulating tropical North Atlantic temperature, projections of these temperatures under various global warming scenarios by general circulation models should account for long - term changes in dust loadings.

The ultimate goal of the EcoChallenge is to encourage long - term changes in behavior.

They also concluded that long - term changes in monsoon patterns were more likely due to variations in solar activity than rising global temperatures.

However, climate scientists — including at least one who has disputed aspects of the scientific consensus on global warming — completely reject the notion that short - term changes in weather, let alone an individual winter storm in January, bear any relevance to the global warming debate.

ScienceDaily (July 24, 2012)-- Researchers have found a way to use GPS to measure short - term changes in the rate of ice loss on Greenland — and reveal a surprising link between the ice and the atmosphere above it

However, the available evidence does not indicate pronounced long - term changes in the Sun's output over the past century, during which time human - induced increases in CO2 concentrations have been the dominant influence on the long - term global surface temperature increase.

Rapid and long - term changes in the field are monitored by low - orbiting satellites and a global network of about 200 magnetic observatories.

Overall, in the absence of major volcanic eruptions and, assuming no significant future long term changes in solar irradiance, it is likely (> 66 % probability) that the GMST -LCB- global mean surface temperature -RCB- anomaly for the period 2016 — 2035, relative to the reference period of 1986 — 2005 will be in the range 0.3 °C — 0.7 °C -LCB- 0.5 °F — 1.3 °F -RCB-(expert assessment, to one significant figure; medium confidence).

Solutions to the «faint young sun» paradox almost always involve the longer term changes in CO2 and CH4.

Longer - term changes in the MOC can not be assessed with confidence.

How do we know that release of large amounts of heat in the deep ocean couldn't cause long term changes in climate later.

The long - term 20 - year acceleration shown alone in this above chart confirms that the short - term changes in acceleration / deceleration are somewhat reflected in the longer trends but with a much reduced variation - i.e. - a smaller trend range.

Planetary gravity forces from the outer 4 planets over 100,000 years gradually change the shape of Earth's orbit from circular, to elliptical along with shorter term changes in the inclination angle and winter precession timing.

«Our database for evaluating long - term changes in tornadoes is pretty awful, so we really don't know how tornadoes might be changing,» said Jeff Masters, director of meteorology for the Weather Underground.

This presentation covers the detection and attribution of long - term changes in climate and event attribution.

The data is robust and comparable through time, which will enable climate researchers to better understand long - term changes in monthly and seasonal climate, as well as changes in day - to - day weather, such as the frequency of heat and cold extremes.

There is no evidence of solar long - term changes in the AO.

We also show that the new dataset is consistent with long - term changes in total column water vapor over the tropical oceans, lending support to its long - term accuracy.

However, the conditions predicted for the open ocean may not reflect the future conditions in the coastal zone, where many of these organisms live (Hendriks et al. 2010a, b; Hofmann et al. 2011; Kelly and Hofmann 2012), and results derived from changes in pH in coastal ecosystems often include processes other than OA, such as emissions from volcanic vents, eutrophication, upwelling and long - term changes in the geological cycle of CO2, which commonly involve simultaneous changes in other key factors affecting the performance of calcifiers, thereby confounding the response expected from OA by anthropogenic CO2 alone.

So many, in fact, that raw temperature recordings are not always suitable for characterising long - term changes in our climate.

Long term changes in mass balance, which can verify the accuracy of the annual balance measurements can be made using geodetic methods, such as airborne surface profiling or surface remapping.

When the first MSU went into orbit in 1978, it wasn't designed for monitoring long - term changes in the climate.

This includes long term changes in vegetation growth like moving tree lines, ice / tundra cover and deep ocean currents.

CO2 changes, however, do cause long - term changes in CO2.

Ocean acidification due to anthropogenic CO2 emissions is a dominant driver of long - term changes in pH in the open ocean, raising concern for the future of calcifying organisms, many of which are present in coastal habitats.

There is nothing to suggest that longer term changes in the system do not drive changes in the energy budget of the planet.

Temperature variations in near - surface permafrost (20 to 200 m depth) can be used as a sensitive indicator of the inter-annual and decade - to - century climatic variability and long - term changes in the surface energy balance (Lachenbruch and Marshall, 1986; Lachenbruch et al., 1988; Clow et al., 1991; Beltrami and Taylor, 1994; Majorowicz and Judge, 1994).

«Its ten pages of text are filled with gems of junk science, which are summed up in this ridiculous pontification: «Long - term changes in climate will produce more extreme weather events and put greater stress on critical Earth systems like oceans, freshwater, and biodiversity.

The second report from the Energy and Water in a Warming World initiative, Water - Smart Power: Strengthening the U.S. Electricity System in a Warming World, takes up this challenge by exploring how energy choices affect the resilience of our energy sector in the face of both periodic drought and long - term changes in water availability.

On top of that there are year to year fluctuation due to short term changes in humidity, cloud cover, surface temperature and change in temperature distribution which can be ignored for this discussion.

It was recently speculated that long term changes in the solar interior due to planetary gravitational perturbations may produce gradual multi-decadal and secular irradiance changes (e.g.: Abreu et al. 2012; Charbonneau 2013; Scafetta 2012b, c; Scafetta and Willson 2013a, b, c).

Thus an understanding of the mechanisms distributing water vapor through the atmosphere and of water vapor's effects on atmospheric radiation and circulation is vital to estimating long - term changes in climate.

The bold line in the bottom graph shows the modeled spectral results including the effects of the long - term changes in the trace gases CO2, O3, N2O, CH4, CFC11 and CFC12.

«Third, in a period when ocean basins were similar to modern, ice age climate sensitivity to pCO2 changes is underestimated by climate models even when long term changes in solar forcing and ice sheet size and distribution are taken into account, implying that internal positive feedbacks are stronger than previously thought.»

Of all the things driving long - term changes in the climate system, the biggest by far over the past 60 years is greenhouse gases.

It also requires the added assumption that long - term changes in solar total radiation can exceed by two and a half times what has been observed in recent measurements from space.

Long - term changes in solar irradiance were suspected as early as the mid-nineteenth century (Smyth 1855).