Without long
term feeding studies, there is no way these foods can be considered safe.
Short -
term feeding studies completely miss this effect.
This effect was shown in short -
term feeding studies that used subjective appetite measures or test meal consumption as endpoints (22 — 25).
Not exact matches
A recent
Fed study estimated that the cumulative $ 3.6 trillion quantitative easing program lowered long -
term interest rates by about 85 basis points.
Regarding the short -
term animal
feeding study, Konrad wrote: «Our rat -
feeding study was comprehensive and statistically valid; a panel of experts reviewed the
study and unanimously agreed that soy leghemoglobin is safe.»
But until more
studies are done or the long -
term effects of marijuana use and breast
feeding are known, I say better safe, than sorry.
Various
studies support regularly spaced intervals of pump stimulation as a very effective method in increasing milk supply, particularly in the cases of women with premature infants who may not be able to
feed at the same rates as a full
term infant.
However, any longer
term impact on post-natal depression could not be determined due to the small number of women in the
study who were still breast
feeding several months after the birth.
A 1987 Swedish
study coined the
term the «Breast Crawl» after determining that a brand new baby can find his or her way to the mother's breast to
feed.
A
study compared growth and bone mineralization in very low birth weight infants
fed preterm formula with those who received
term formula; the conclusion was that preterm formula better aided in growth and development.
S. Awasthi et al., «Mortality patterns in breast versus artificially
fed term babies in early infancy: a longitudinal
study,» Indian Pediatr 28, no. 3 (Mar 1991): 243 — 8.
Previous
studies of the effect of breastfeeding on morbidity among full -
term infants have not always accounted for selection bias that may result if infants who are breastfed are inherently healthier than bottle -
fed infants.22 In the current
study, the VLBW infants» ability to breastfeed did not reflect better health status as both human milk and infant formula were provided via gavage
feeding especially during early enteral
feedings.
Dr. Colombo said it best: «If I were talking to a parent, the thing I would emphasize most about the
study is that this first - year
feeding had long -
term benefits that lasted almost to early school age.»
Study characteristics: This review analysed
studies that compared outcomes of full -
term babies (born at ≥ 37 weeks of pregnancy) who were given formula milk enriched with LCPUFA versus outcomes of full -
term babies
fed formula milk without enrichment with LCPUFA.
Detection bias has also been cited as a significant methodologic problem in
studies of the relation between breastfeeding and infection among full -
term infants.21 Detection bias may occur when breastfed and bottle -
fed infants do not have an equal chance of being identified with an illness.
Studies also show significant reductions in newborn infection rates in
term infants when exclusive human milk
feeding is available.
S.P. Srivastava et al., «Mortality patterns in breast versus artificially
fed term babies in early infancy: a longitudinal
study,» Indian Pediatr 31, no. 11 (Nov 1994): 1393 — 6.
Several
studies have also attempted to understand the role of breastfeeding on IQ, and although some authors conclude that the observed advantage of breastfeeding on IQ is related only to genetic and socioenvironmental factors, a recent meta - analysis showed that after adjustment for appropriate key co-factors, breastfeeding was associated with significantly higher scores for cognitive development than formula
feeding.6 Longer duration of breastfeeding has also been positively associated with intelligence in adulthood.22 We also observed the benefits of long -
term breastfeeding on mental indices, along with the indirect benefit of balancing the impact of exposure to p, p ′ DDE after adjustment for some socioeconomic variables.
Instead of figuring out why «mothers» find the need to
feed thier children REAL FOOD not additives, HOW ABOUT some real
studies on the LONG -
TERM impact of High Fructose Corn Syrup (and other additives) have on our bodies.
A recent
study of siblings, one who was breast -
fed and the other who was not, showed that the long -
term health benefits of breast -
feeding may have been overstated.
In addition, most
studies included in meta - analyses have made different comparisons in
terms of exclusively breastfed, ever breastfed and mixed
feeding to never breastfed as well as differences in duration of breastfeeding.
According to a recent review of
studies in the Cochrance Database of Systematic Reviews, developmental care has been shown to» [improve] short -
term growth and
feeding outcomes, [decrease] respiratory support, [decrease] length and cost of hospital stay, and [improve] neuro - developmental outcomes to 24 months corrected age.»
We evaluated the associations between the composition of the 6 - week intestinal microbiome and both delivery mode and
feeding method in 102 full -
term, appropriately grown infants enrolled in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort
Study.
Because the benefits of breastfeeding are, in most
studies, shown to be dose dependent, increasing the amount of breast milk consumed by premature infants, either through extending duration or increasing the number of breast vs formula
feeds, is an important contribution to their short - and long -
term health.
Studies clearly demonstrate that when healthcare teams have a clear understanding of these topics, provide antenatal education, and implement supportive hospital practices, the need for supplementary
feedings in
term neonates is rare.
There have been no long -
term longitudinal
studies of the effects of early
feeding method on the microbiome, but early
feeding has the potential for lasting effects on microbial community structure, 32 and these effects may be one mechanism for the health benefits of breastfeeding on childhood and lifelong health.
A 2005
study by Health Services research examined siblings who were
fed differently and found the «long -
term effects of breastfeeding have been overstated.»
In addition, human milk -
fed premature infants receive significant benefits with respect to host protection and improved developmental outcomes compared with formula -
fed premature infants.13 — 22 From
studies in preterm and
term infants, the following outcomes have been documented.
Essentially, the
study says that there is no long -
term statistically significant difference between children who were breastfed and those that were formula
fed, when external factors are controlled for.
All mother and father pairs of healthy,
term, normal birth weight infants who were born between October 1, 2002, and January 31, 2003, were enrolled; unmarried women, mothers who had decided to bottle
feed, and parents whose infants were admitted to the ICU were excluded from the
study.
To participate in the Infant
Feeding and Practices
Study II, women had to be healthy and had given birth to either a full -
term or nearly full -
term healthy neonate weighing at least 5 pounds at birth.
This is consistent with other
studies demonstrating a link between breastfeeding and maternal sensitivity.25, 26,27 For example, in a longitudinal
study of more than 1300 families in the USA, mothers who breast
fed were observed to be more sensitive to their babies at 6, 15, 24 and 36 months.27 Importantly, this difference persisted after statistical control for the effects of maternal mental health, the quality of the home environment in
terms of infant health and stimulation and socioeconomic status.
Growth and Development in
Term Infants
Fed Long - Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Double - Masked, Randomized, Parallel, Prospective, Multivariate
Study.
Around that time, a long -
term study came out that compared pairs of siblings — one breast -
fed, the other formula -
fed.
Additional support for the possible self - regulatory benefits associated with breastfeeding is also provided by a short -
term follow - up
study of 158 infants.31 This
study found that between the ages of 13 and 52 weeks, breastfed babies consistently cried for shorter periods of time than formula -
fed babies.
Long -
term (≥ 18 years) maternal recall of breastfeeding duration has been used in
studies of the association of infant
feeding with adult obesity (32), adult vascular function (10), and both child -(33, 34) and adult -(8) onset diabetes.
Of interest is that
studies in premature and
term infants
fed formula with similar concentrations of 18:3 n − 3 from corn oil found reduced measures of visual function (58, 59).
The results of this
study support the hypothesis that, for full -
term children, breast -
feeding allows better development of stereoacuity than does formula
feeding, independent of the family's socioeconomic status and the maternal diet in pregnancy.
Background: Earlier
studies have suggested that infant
feeding may program long -
term changes in cholesterol metabolism.
Among the
studies that reported exclusive
feeding, only one
study (25) relied on long -
term recall (ie, after 23 y) of infant
feeding status; the remaining
studies recorded infant
feeding in infancy (15, 16, 23, 24, 35) or early childhood (3 — 6 y after birth)(33, 34, 40).
«This
study alerts parents that breast -
feeding should always be considered, both for the short -
term and long -
term benefits when deciding how to
feed your baby,» says Jodi Mindell, associate director of the Sleep Center at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.
In the current
study, the researchers of Kanazawa University in collaboration with the researchers of Kagome Co., Ltd. compared the mice
fed with high - fat food supplemented with sulforaphane and the others with high - fat food but without sulforaphane in
terms of their body weight.
Another prong of the
study looked at how frequently visitors were
feeding — «provisioning» is the scientific
term — the monkeys, and conversely, how much of their diet came from eating natural foods in the environment.
However, our observational
study found subtle effects in estrogen - responsive tissues in soy -
fed infants, and we don't know if these differences are associated with long -
term health effects.»
«Babies
fed soy - based formula have changes in reproductive system tissues: CHOP co-author of NIH - led
study: Subtle estrogen - like responses in infants point to need for longer -
term follow - up of effects.»
Here's welcome news for any mom who, like me, couldn't breast -
feed and felt like she was dooming her baby to a fat, hyperactive, less intelligent future: The long -
term benefits of breast -
feeding have been exaggerated, according to a new Ohio State University
study published in the journal Social Science & Medicine.
They
study concluded that raisins appeared to be a cost - effective source of carbohydrate for pre-exercise
feeding in comparison to sports gel for short -
term exercise bouts.
Although some short -
term studies suggest that the thermic effect of
feeding is higher when an iso - energetic test load is divided into multiple small meals, other
studies refute this, and most are neutral.
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 57 (2)(2007): 247 — 56; Smith R, Mann N, Mäkeläinen H, et al. «A pilot
study to determine the short -
term effects of a low glycemic load diet on hormonal markers of acne: a nonrandomized, parallel, controlled
feeding trial.»
Neither
study involved the use of grass -
fed organic meats, which is critical because hormones and pesticides used in livestock farming also have negative long -
term effects on patient health.