As such, choosing to breastfeed should be considered an investment in the short - and long -
term health of the infant, rather than a lifestyle choice.
We know that breastfeeding is good for the short - term and long -
term health of both infants and their mothers.
He and fellow researchers analyzed what lead exposure from the soil and water at toxic sites in 31 low - and middle - income countries could mean for the long -
term health of infants and toddlers living in the surrounding communities.
Not exact matches
Infant formula group Wattle
Health is understood to have struck an Australian distribution agreement with a large pharmacy chain to bolster the brand in its home market, which is considered crucial in building long -
term success in the eyes
of consumers in China.
The
health benefits
of breastmilk over formula are negligible for
term infants.
With the amount
of influence
health visitors have over sustaining breastfeeding beyond the first few weeks, it is easy to see how IBCLCs, with their ability and expertise to help mothers overcome longer -
term breastfeeding challenges, or to simply unpick normal
infant development would be invaluable.
The Global Strategy has not yet been fully implemented in the countries
of the UK and the APPG will continue to explore the policy options, while hearing from experts on how these will contribute to improving
infant and young child feeding practices, improving short and long -
term health outcomes and reducing
health inequalities.
(Information gathered from the CDC; Human Milk Bank Association
of North America; Office on Women's
Health, U.S. Department
of Health and Human Services; and the Academy
of Breastfeeding Medicine Clinical Protocol # 8 Human Milk Storage Information for Home Use for Full -
Term Infants.)
A lot
of this pressure to provide breast milk comes from the over-exaggeration or misinterpretation
of the benefits
of breast milk on long
term health outcomes, or from unfounded fears about
infant formula.
The only real alternative to obtaining human milk from a peer is using
infant formula, and the evidence for short - and long -
term negative impacts on
infants from exposure to
infant formula is overwhelming.9 It is interesting that the same
health authorities who condemn peer - to - peer milk sharing have not condemned the use
of infant formula.
Even just a cursory Internet search shows that breastfeeding promotion materials framed in
terms of «the risks
of formula feeding» are currently being used by some state breastfeeding coalitions, two hospitals, two private corporations, the Departments
of Public
Health in California and New York, the City
of New York, as well as The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women,
Infants, and Children (WIC) programs in at least five states... The United States Department
of Health and Human Services» Office on Women's
Health publishes a 50 - page guide to breastfeeding that points out that «among formula - fed babies, ear infections and diarrhea are more common».
(1) Many women have heard
of the benefits
of breastfeeding to their
infant, but aren't aware there are long -
term health benefits to the breastfeeding mother as well!
In 1968 Dr. Derrick Jelliffe described the impact
of CMIM industry marketing practices on
infant health using the
term «commerciogenic malnutrition».
Given the documented short - and long -
term medical and neurodevelopmental advantages
of breastfeeding,
infant nutrition should be considered a public
health issue and not only a lifestyle choice.»
Links Breastfeeding and maternal and
infant health outcomes in developed countries.Ip S, Chung M, Raman G, Chew P, Magula N, DeVine D, Trikalinos T, Lau J. OBJECTIVES: We reviewed the evidence on the effects
of breastfeeding on short - and long -
term infant and maternal
health outcomes in developed countries.
While we don't know the long -
term effects
of unhealthy fats on
infant cardiovascular
health, we do know that in adults these fats negatively affect heart
health by raising LDL (bad cholesterol), lowering HDL (good cholesterol), and increasing signs
of inflammation.
In India, Nestlé has had formula seized for breaking labelling laws and its attempts to sponsor
health workers have been described as illegal by government authorities under the
terms of the
Infant Milk Substitutes Act.
Guidance Notes from the Department
of Health state how this should be interpreted, including the requirement that the
term «
Infant Milk» or «Follow - on Milk» should be at least as big as the brand name, which is clearly not the case.
Health risks associated with formula feeding over the long
term include increased incidence
of infectious morbidity, childhood obesity, both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, leukemia, and sudden
infant death syndrome (SIDS).
Long -
term mother and child mental
health effects
of a population - based
infant sleep intervention: Cluster - randomized, controlled trial.
Interventions to improve breastfeeding initiation, exclusivity and duration are based on extensive evidence from both observational and intervention studies
of short - and long -
term health benefits
of breastfeeding for both mothers and
infants.13 — 15 Nevertheless, to our knowledge none
of previous studies has systematically examined whether the increases in breastfeeding resulting from such interventions have equally benefited all socioeconomic groups.
Previous studies
of the effect
of breastfeeding on morbidity among full -
term infants have not always accounted for selection bias that may result if
infants who are breastfed are inherently healthier than bottle - fed
infants.22 In the current study, the VLBW
infants» ability to breastfeed did not reflect better
health status as both human milk and
infant formula were provided via gavage feeding especially during early enteral feedings.
BFHI has been shown to be very effective in increasing breastfeeding initiation, exclusive breastfeeding and breastfeeding duration in many countries, as well as improving mother's
health care experiences and reducing rates
of infant abandonment.12 Given the short and long - term benefits of breastfeeding to the infant, mother and society, implementing BFHI — alongside with the other objectives stated in the Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding - continues to have an important role to play in health services worl
infant abandonment.12 Given the short and long -
term benefits
of breastfeeding to the
infant, mother and society, implementing BFHI — alongside with the other objectives stated in the Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding - continues to have an important role to play in health services worl
infant, mother and society, implementing BFHI — alongside with the other objectives stated in the Global Strategy for
Infant and Young Child Feeding - continues to have an important role to play in health services worl
Infant and Young Child Feeding - continues to have an important role to play in
health services worldwide.
HIV Medicine DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2011.00918.x IBFAN - Asia Position Statement on HIV and
Infant Feeding, 13 October 2008 South African Tshwane Declaration on breastfeeding, S Afr J Clin Nutr 2011; 24 (4) UNAIDS 2010, Strategy Getting to Zero, UNAIDS Strategy 2011 — 2015 UNAIDS 2010, Agenda for Accelerated Country Action for Women, Girls, Gender Equality and HIV, 2010 - 2014 UNAIDS 2011, Countdown to Zero: Global plan towards the elimination of new HIV infections among children by 2015 and keeping their mothers alive, 2011 - 2015 UNAIDS 2011 Press Release, 9 June, World leaders launch plan to eliminate new HIV infections among children by 2015 UNICEF Convention on the Rights of the Child UNICEF 2010, Facts for Life UNICEF 2011, Programming Guide, Infant and Young Child Feeding, 26 May 2011 WHO / UNICEF 2003, Global strategy for infant and young child feeding WHO 2007, Evidence on the long - term effects of breastfeeding: systematic reviews and meta - analysis WHO, UNAIDS, UNICEF 2009, Towards universal access: scaling up priority HIV / AIDS interventions in the health sector: progress report 2009 WHO 2009, Women and health, Today's evidence tomorrow's agenda WHO 2009, Acceptable medical reasons for use of breast - milk substitutes WHO 2009, Rapid advice: use of antiretroviral drugs for treating pregnant womenand preventing HIV Infection in infants WHO 2009, Rapid advice: revised WHO principles and recommendations on infant feeding in the context of HIV WHO 2010, Priority Interventions — HIV / AIDS prevention, treatment and care in the health sector WHO 2010, Guidelines on HIV and infant feeding: Principles and recomendations for infant feeding in the context of HIV and a summary of evidence WHO 2010, Annexure 7b to Guidelines on HIV and infant fe
Infant Feeding, 13 October 2008 South African Tshwane Declaration on breastfeeding, S Afr J Clin Nutr 2011; 24 (4) UNAIDS 2010, Strategy Getting to Zero, UNAIDS Strategy 2011 — 2015 UNAIDS 2010, Agenda for Accelerated Country Action for Women, Girls, Gender Equality and HIV, 2010 - 2014 UNAIDS 2011, Countdown to Zero: Global plan towards the elimination
of new HIV infections among children by 2015 and keeping their mothers alive, 2011 - 2015 UNAIDS 2011 Press Release, 9 June, World leaders launch plan to eliminate new HIV infections among children by 2015 UNICEF Convention on the Rights
of the Child UNICEF 2010, Facts for Life UNICEF 2011, Programming Guide,
Infant and Young Child Feeding, 26 May 2011 WHO / UNICEF 2003, Global strategy for infant and young child feeding WHO 2007, Evidence on the long - term effects of breastfeeding: systematic reviews and meta - analysis WHO, UNAIDS, UNICEF 2009, Towards universal access: scaling up priority HIV / AIDS interventions in the health sector: progress report 2009 WHO 2009, Women and health, Today's evidence tomorrow's agenda WHO 2009, Acceptable medical reasons for use of breast - milk substitutes WHO 2009, Rapid advice: use of antiretroviral drugs for treating pregnant womenand preventing HIV Infection in infants WHO 2009, Rapid advice: revised WHO principles and recommendations on infant feeding in the context of HIV WHO 2010, Priority Interventions — HIV / AIDS prevention, treatment and care in the health sector WHO 2010, Guidelines on HIV and infant feeding: Principles and recomendations for infant feeding in the context of HIV and a summary of evidence WHO 2010, Annexure 7b to Guidelines on HIV and infant fe
Infant and Young Child Feeding, 26 May 2011 WHO / UNICEF 2003, Global strategy for
infant and young child feeding WHO 2007, Evidence on the long - term effects of breastfeeding: systematic reviews and meta - analysis WHO, UNAIDS, UNICEF 2009, Towards universal access: scaling up priority HIV / AIDS interventions in the health sector: progress report 2009 WHO 2009, Women and health, Today's evidence tomorrow's agenda WHO 2009, Acceptable medical reasons for use of breast - milk substitutes WHO 2009, Rapid advice: use of antiretroviral drugs for treating pregnant womenand preventing HIV Infection in infants WHO 2009, Rapid advice: revised WHO principles and recommendations on infant feeding in the context of HIV WHO 2010, Priority Interventions — HIV / AIDS prevention, treatment and care in the health sector WHO 2010, Guidelines on HIV and infant feeding: Principles and recomendations for infant feeding in the context of HIV and a summary of evidence WHO 2010, Annexure 7b to Guidelines on HIV and infant fe
infant and young child feeding WHO 2007, Evidence on the long -
term effects
of breastfeeding: systematic reviews and meta - analysis WHO, UNAIDS, UNICEF 2009, Towards universal access: scaling up priority HIV / AIDS interventions in the
health sector: progress report 2009 WHO 2009, Women and
health, Today's evidence tomorrow's agenda WHO 2009, Acceptable medical reasons for use
of breast - milk substitutes WHO 2009, Rapid advice: use
of antiretroviral drugs for treating pregnant womenand preventing HIV Infection in
infants WHO 2009, Rapid advice: revised WHO principles and recommendations on
infant feeding in the context of HIV WHO 2010, Priority Interventions — HIV / AIDS prevention, treatment and care in the health sector WHO 2010, Guidelines on HIV and infant feeding: Principles and recomendations for infant feeding in the context of HIV and a summary of evidence WHO 2010, Annexure 7b to Guidelines on HIV and infant fe
infant feeding in the context
of HIV WHO 2010, Priority Interventions — HIV / AIDS prevention, treatment and care in the
health sector WHO 2010, Guidelines on HIV and
infant feeding: Principles and recomendations for infant feeding in the context of HIV and a summary of evidence WHO 2010, Annexure 7b to Guidelines on HIV and infant fe
infant feeding: Principles and recomendations for
infant feeding in the context of HIV and a summary of evidence WHO 2010, Annexure 7b to Guidelines on HIV and infant fe
infant feeding in the context
of HIV and a summary
of evidence WHO 2010, Annexure 7b to Guidelines on HIV and
infant fe
infant feeding.
Integrated Management
of Childhood Illness (IMCI)- Part III - Chapter 11 - Breastfeeding Nutrient adequacy
of exclusive breastfeeding for the
term infant during the first six months of life (2002) Geneva, World Health Organization Full text [pdf 278kb] The optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding: a systematic review Geneva, World Health Organization, 2001 Full text [pdf 1.06 Mb] Report of the expert consultation of the optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding Report of an expert consultation Geneva, World Health Organization, 28 - 30 March 2001 Full text [pdf 122kb] The WHO Global Data Bank on Infant and Young Child Feeding Breastfeeding and Complementary Feeding Feeding Your Baby From Six Months To One Year Your guide to help you introduce food to your baby Adapted and reproduced with permission of Peel Public Health, Region of Peel A Practical Workbook to Protect, Promote and Support Breastfeeding in Community Based Projects Health Canada, Ottawa, 2002 This workbook is intended to assist the Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program (CPNP) or similar community based prenatal projects to identify strategies and specific actions to protect, promote and support breastfeeding in a population health co
infant during the first six months
of life (2002) Geneva, World
Health Organization Full text [pdf 278kb] The optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding: a systematic review Geneva, World Health Organization, 2001 Full text [pdf 1.06 Mb] Report of the expert consultation of the optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding Report of an expert consultation Geneva, World Health Organization, 28 - 30 March 2001 Full text [pdf 122kb] The WHO Global Data Bank on Infant and Young Child Feeding Breastfeeding and Complementary Feeding Feeding Your Baby From Six Months To One Year Your guide to help you introduce food to your baby Adapted and reproduced with permission of Peel Public Health, Region of Peel A Practical Workbook to Protect, Promote and Support Breastfeeding in Community Based Projects Health Canada, Ottawa, 2002 This workbook is intended to assist the Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program (CPNP) or similar community based prenatal projects to identify strategies and specific actions to protect, promote and support breastfeeding in a population health co
Health Organization Full text [pdf 278kb] The optimal duration
of exclusive breastfeeding: a systematic review Geneva, World
Health Organization, 2001 Full text [pdf 1.06 Mb] Report of the expert consultation of the optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding Report of an expert consultation Geneva, World Health Organization, 28 - 30 March 2001 Full text [pdf 122kb] The WHO Global Data Bank on Infant and Young Child Feeding Breastfeeding and Complementary Feeding Feeding Your Baby From Six Months To One Year Your guide to help you introduce food to your baby Adapted and reproduced with permission of Peel Public Health, Region of Peel A Practical Workbook to Protect, Promote and Support Breastfeeding in Community Based Projects Health Canada, Ottawa, 2002 This workbook is intended to assist the Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program (CPNP) or similar community based prenatal projects to identify strategies and specific actions to protect, promote and support breastfeeding in a population health co
Health Organization, 2001 Full text [pdf 1.06 Mb] Report
of the expert consultation
of the optimal duration
of exclusive breastfeeding Report
of an expert consultation Geneva, World
Health Organization, 28 - 30 March 2001 Full text [pdf 122kb] The WHO Global Data Bank on Infant and Young Child Feeding Breastfeeding and Complementary Feeding Feeding Your Baby From Six Months To One Year Your guide to help you introduce food to your baby Adapted and reproduced with permission of Peel Public Health, Region of Peel A Practical Workbook to Protect, Promote and Support Breastfeeding in Community Based Projects Health Canada, Ottawa, 2002 This workbook is intended to assist the Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program (CPNP) or similar community based prenatal projects to identify strategies and specific actions to protect, promote and support breastfeeding in a population health co
Health Organization, 28 - 30 March 2001 Full text [pdf 122kb] The WHO Global Data Bank on
Infant and Young Child Feeding Breastfeeding and Complementary Feeding Feeding Your Baby From Six Months To One Year Your guide to help you introduce food to your baby Adapted and reproduced with permission of Peel Public Health, Region of Peel A Practical Workbook to Protect, Promote and Support Breastfeeding in Community Based Projects Health Canada, Ottawa, 2002 This workbook is intended to assist the Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program (CPNP) or similar community based prenatal projects to identify strategies and specific actions to protect, promote and support breastfeeding in a population health co
Infant and Young Child Feeding Breastfeeding and Complementary Feeding Feeding Your Baby From Six Months To One Year Your guide to help you introduce food to your baby Adapted and reproduced with permission
of Peel Public
Health, Region of Peel A Practical Workbook to Protect, Promote and Support Breastfeeding in Community Based Projects Health Canada, Ottawa, 2002 This workbook is intended to assist the Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program (CPNP) or similar community based prenatal projects to identify strategies and specific actions to protect, promote and support breastfeeding in a population health co
Health, Region
of Peel A Practical Workbook to Protect, Promote and Support Breastfeeding in Community Based Projects
Health Canada, Ottawa, 2002 This workbook is intended to assist the Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program (CPNP) or similar community based prenatal projects to identify strategies and specific actions to protect, promote and support breastfeeding in a population health co
Health Canada, Ottawa, 2002 This workbook is intended to assist the Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program (CPNP) or similar community based prenatal projects to identify strategies and specific actions to protect, promote and support breastfeeding in a population
health co
health context.
In previous studies
of full -
term infants, ascertainment
of morbidity status occurred after discharge from the hospital, increasing the potential for confounding related to the home environment, parental socioeconomic status, parental smoking, and differential access to
health care.
As part
of the revision process
of the
Health Canada, Canadian Paediatric Society and the Dietitians
of Canada, Statement «Nutrition for Healthy
Term Infants»,
Health Canada requested comment from Canadians on its proposed revised policy.
Nevertheless, failure to contradict the common belief that breastfeeding may not be possible for all women and that for mothers who are unable to breastfeed or who decide not to,
infant formula is a healthy alternative trivializes the importance
of breastfeeding to maximize short and long -
term health outcomes, blurs the distinction between maternal choice and capacity, and leads to an astonishingly high level
of misplaced complacency about poor quality assistance offered by
health authorities to enable mothers to breastfeed successfully.
The nation's leading organization for pediatricians says, «Given the documented short - and long -
term medical and neurodevelopmental advantages
of breastfeeding,
infant nutrition should be considered a public
health issue and not only a lifestyle choice.»
Hence the need to strengthen the skills
of health professionals in
terms of infant nutrition [14], notably in breastfeeding.
Review objective: to assess the safety, impact and effectiveness
of a policy
of early discharge for healthy mothers and
term infants, with respect to the
health and well - being
of mothers and babies
Interventions to improve the feeding
of LBW
infants are likely to improve the immediate and longer -
term health and well - being
of the individual
infant and have a significant impact on neonatal and
infant mortality levels in the population.
We know that breastfeeding aids the survival
of infants and helps them thrive, has long -
term health benefits for women, yields economic benefits and enhances the wellbeing
of all.
This is likely even more important in premature
infants than in
term infants because
of the additional
health risks they face.
Parents and
health professionals can confidently use these techniques to reduce the short - to medium -
term burden
of infant sleep problems and maternal depression».
During a time
of abundant research surrounding the long
term implications
of feeding practices in the neonatal period on maternal and child
health, it is
of utmost importance that healthcare professionals are guided by the best available evidence regarding
infant feeding while caring for breastfeeding dyads.
Because the benefits
of breastfeeding are, in most studies, shown to be dose dependent, increasing the amount
of breast milk consumed by premature
infants, either through extending duration or increasing the number
of breast vs formula feeds, is an important contribution to their short - and long -
term health.
An emerging body
of literature in adults has begun to establish clear associations between gut microbiome composition and a wide range
of health outcomes.1 - 6 In contrast, comparatively little is known about the gut microbiome in
infants and children, the exposures that shape it, and its lifelong
health effects.7 Although limited in their size and scope, a number
of studies have established associations between intestinal microbiome profiles in
infants, delivery mode, and / or breast milk exposure.8 - 15 These factors both have long -
term health consequences.
The latest policy statement, «Breastfeeding and the Use
of Human Milk,» published in 2012, reinforces the idea that «Given the documented short - and long -
term medical and neurodevelopmental advantages
of breastfeeding,
infant nutrition should be considered a public
health issue and not only a lifestyle choice.»
I strongly believe that this is best for the long -
term health of both Cambridge's
infants and the hospital's budget.
Long -
term mother and child mental
health effects
of a population - based
infant sleep intervention: cluster - randomized, controlled trial.
It's been shown that the
health of the floral environment into which an
infant is born can have positive or negative impact on the creation
of his long -
term microbiome.
This is consistent with other studies demonstrating a link between breastfeeding and maternal sensitivity.25, 26,27 For example, in a longitudinal study
of more than 1300 families in the USA, mothers who breast fed were observed to be more sensitive to their babies at 6, 15, 24 and 36 months.27 Importantly, this difference persisted after statistical control for the effects
of maternal mental
health, the quality
of the home environment in
terms of infant health and stimulation and socioeconomic status.
Long -
term Mother and Child Mental
Health Effects
of a Population - Based
Infant Sleep Intervention: Cluster - Randomized, Controlled Trial
The list
of acceptable medical reasons for temporary or long -
term use
of breast - milk substitutes is made available both as an independent tool for
health professionals working with mothers and newborn
infants, and as part
of the BFHI package.
As a consequence
of this research the past two decades (1989 - 2009) have witnessed a) a renewed recognition
of the importance
of contact and touch for babies in the context
of improving breastfeeding initiation and duration [17]; b) an increased awareness
of the role that close parental proximity and monitoring
of babies plays in reducing SIDS and neglect [18][19]; and c) the impact
of early mother -
infant separation on long -
term mental
health [20]-- all leading to a resurgence
of interest in parent -
infant contact, particularly sleep contact.
«We know that even with standard vitamin D dosing, we were still seeing a fair number
of pre -
term infants who suffered from impaired bone
health.
«Since Zika is a relatively new public
health concern, there is a lack
of specialized knowledge on the life expectancy
of these
infants and the long -
term health problems they will experience.»
«
Infant vitamin B1 deficiency leads to poor motor function and balance: Lack
of vitamin has long -
term consequences for children's
health.»
For premature
infants, adequate growth while in the neonatal intensive care unit is an indicator
of better long -
term health and developmental outcomes.