Sentences with phrase «term observational studies»

This evidence of reduced resistance to bleaching in 2004 in corals at Butaritari supports previous short - term manipulative experiments and long - term observational studies which found that higher background temperature variability or previous exposure to heat stress conferred bleaching resistance [15], [33]--[37].

Although they increase LDL in the short - term, plenty of long - term observational studies find no link between saturated fat consumption and LDL levels (24, 25, 26).

It is known, however, from an increasing number of long - term observational studies, that the unique physiologic conditions and complications of pregnancy predict future disease risk for both mothers and their offspring.

Not exact matches

«The term can refer to theological accounts of the world as God's creation; or to philosophical reflection on the categories of space and time; or to observational and theoretical study of the structure and evolution of the physical universe; or, finally, to «world views»: unified imaginative perceptions of how the world seems and where we stand in it» (Tracy and Lash, vii).

There are also intriguing observational studies tracking human children over the short - term.

Interventions to improve breastfeeding initiation, exclusivity and duration are based on extensive evidence from both observational and intervention studies of short - and long - term health benefits of breastfeeding for both mothers and infants.13 — 15 Nevertheless, to our knowledge none of previous studies has systematically examined whether the increases in breastfeeding resulting from such interventions have equally benefited all socioeconomic groups.

Although some SIDS experts and policy - makers endorse pacifier use recommendations that are similar to those of the AAP, 272,273 concerns about possible deleterious effects of pacifier use have prevented others from making a recommendation for pacifier use as a risk reduction strategy.274 Although several observational studies275, — , 277 have found a correlation between pacifiers and reduced breastfeeding duration, the results of well - designed randomized clinical trials indicated that pacifiers do not seem to cause shortened breastfeeding duration for term and preterm infants.278, 279 The authors of 1 study reported a small deleterious effect of early pacifier introduction (2 — 5 days after birth) on exclusive breastfeeding at 1 month of age and on overall breastfeeding duration (defined as any breastfeeding), but early pacifier use did not adversely affect exclusive breastfeeding duration.

Since the last American Cancer Society (ACS) breast cancer screening update for average - risk women was published in 2003, new evidence has accumulated from long - term follow - up of randomized controlled trials and observational studies of organized, population - based screening programs.

An observational study conducted by German scientists in 2014 suggests that long - term use of this drug may protect against dementia.

Large observational studies report that in severely obese individuals, bariatric surgery is associated with long - term reductions in all major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, CVD events such as heart attacks and strokes, cancer and all - cause mortality, including a 92 % decrease in diabetes - related deaths.

Researchers conducted a nationwide, population - based long - term observational cohort study using the Swedish Multi-Generation Register to monitor the risk of nonceliac autoimmune disease, which includes Crohn's disease, type 1 diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus and ulcerative colitis.

Proactive monitoring and dose adjustment of infliximab, a medication commonly used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), could improve a patient's chances of having a long - term successful response to therapy, a pilot observational study at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center concludes.

Ghosh noted that his conclusions are based on observational and short - term interventional studies, but there needs to be a well - controlled long - term study to further assess the impact of a vegetarian diet on athletic performance.

The research, published Wednesday in Nature, is one of the most comprehensive observational studies to explore the effects of long - term drought on the Congo rainforest using several independent satellite sensors.

«We're looking forward to longer - term results to come in the next five years from various ongoing observational studies,» Dr. Arterburn said: The Utah Obesity Study, the Michigan Bariatric Surgery Collaborative, and large cohorts from Veterans Affairs health system and the HMO Research Network (including Group Health) and should yield important long - term information comparing the efficacy, safety, and costs of surgical and non-surgical care for severe obesity.

However, our observational study found subtle effects in estrogen - responsive tissues in soy - fed infants, and we don't know if these differences are associated with long - term health effects.»

Starting in the 1960's at the Mt. Wilson Observatory O.C. Wilson (sic) began a long - term study of magnetic cycles in cool stars using as his observational indicator the variable emission flux of the H and K resonance lines of ionized calcium whose appearance in emission is characteristic of stellar chromospheres.

Observational studies indicate that long - term exposure to arsenic may increase the risk of cancer and heart disease (9, 10).

Whether this has any meaningful effects in the long term is not known, although many observational studies do show that people who eat more fiber have a lower risk of heart disease (27).

However, the supporting evidence is limited and mainly based on observational studies and short - term clinical trials (1, 2).

Several large - scale, observational studies from Harvard University (Cambridge, MA) indicate that the long - term consumption of a diet with a high glycemic load (GL; GI × dietary carbohydrate content) is a significant independent predictor of the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (7, 8) and cardiovascular disease (9).

Long - term cognitive and cardiac outcomes after prenatal exposure to chemotherapy in children aged 18 months or older: an observational study.

They are put on a medication (or buy one over the counter) that has never been studied for long - term use, and that population - based observational studies link to pathogenic overgrowth of bacteria, fracture, and nutrient deficiency.

Mike's work, like that of previous award winners, is diverse, and includes pioneering and highly cited work in time series analysis (an elegant use of Thomson's multitaper spectral analysis approach to detect spatiotemporal oscillations in the climate record and methods for smoothing temporal data), decadal climate variability (the term «Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation» or «AMO» was coined by Mike in an interview with Science's Richard Kerr about a paper he had published with Tom Delworth of GFDL showing evidence in both climate model simulations and observational data for a 50 - 70 year oscillation in the climate system; significantly Mike also published work with Kerry Emanuel in 2006 showing that the AMO concept has been overstated as regards its role in 20th century tropical Atlantic SST changes, a finding recently reaffirmed by a study published in Nature), in showing how changes in radiative forcing from volcanoes can affect ENSO, in examining the role of solar variations in explaining the pattern of the Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age, the relationship between the climate changes of past centuries and phenomena such as Atlantic tropical cyclones and global sea level, and even a bit of work in atmospheric chemistry (an analysis of beryllium - 7 measurements).

His most highly cited papers are in observational studies of long term variability and trends in atmospheric water vapor and clouds.

The definition of the term «reliable» in this study is as follows: the ensemble is reliable if the observational data can be considered as having been drawn from the distribution defined by the model ensemble.

Long - term mortality after community - acquired pneumonia — impacts of diabetes and newly discovered hyperglycaemia: a prospective, observational cohort study

A multimethod, multi-informant, short - term longitudinal study was conducted to investigate the utility of including school - based observational assessments of both form (i.e., physical and relational) and function (i.e., proactive and reactive) of aggressive behavior at school with a young sample during early childhood (132 children; M = 44.37 months; SD = 9.88).