Sentences with phrase «term ocean processes»

However, I thought the Judith's basic position was we don't understand the long term ocean processes well enough (hence we need paleo for the oceans).

Not exact matches

This process, termed ocean acidification, makes it energetically more costly for calcifying organisms to form their calcareous shells and skeletons.

This study may have implications particularly for our understanding of the long term evolution of intraplate volcanic ocean islands and sheds lights on the interacting processes occurring during growth and collapse of volcanic edifices.

Ocean Observing Systems: Acoustical Observations and Applications: Passive and active acoustic methods can be employed for long - term, sustained observations of physical, chemical, and biological processes with Global and Regional Ocean Observing Systems.

A 2008 study led by James Hansen found that climate sensitivity to «fast feedback processes» is 3 °C, but when accounting for longer - term feedbacks (such as ice sheet disintegration, vegetation migration, and greenhouse gas release from soils, tundra or ocean), if atmospheric CO2 remains at the doubled level, the sensitivity increases to 6 °C based on paleoclimatic (historical climate) data.

In Seattle, Brian Dushaw and Tim Duda organized «Ocean Observing Systems: Acoustical Observations and Applications» on passive and active acoustic methods for long - term observations of physical, chemical, and biological processes.

This result suggests that models may not yet adequately represent the long - term feedbacks related to ocean circulation, vegetation and associated dust, or the cryosphere, and / or may underestimate the effects of tropical clouds or other short - term feedback processes.»

Natural variability is primarily controlled by exchange of heat between the ocean and the atmosphere, but it is an extremely complex process and if we want to develop better near - term predictive skills — which is looking not at what's going to happen in the next three months but what's going to happen between the next year and 10 years or 20 years or so — if we want to expand our understanding there, we have to understand natural variability better than we do today.

This result suggests that models may not yet adequately represent the long - term feedbacks related to ocean circulation, vegetation and associated dust, or the cryosphere, and / or may underestimate the effects of tropical clouds or other short - term feedback processes.»

Given that the answer to this for atmospheric models is a resounding «NO» (particularly because of sub-grid scale processes which need to be effectively pre-ordained through parameterizations), and given that oceanic circulations have much longer adjustment time scales, yet also have much more intense small scale (gyre) circulations than the atmosphere, my instinct is that we are not even close to being able to trust ocean models without long term validation data.

If as I suggest one includes the much denser oceans as a component of atmosphere then increases in CO2 become irredeemably trivial in terms of their power to alter overall density and thus the global heat retaining process.

I agree that longer term processes as well as in the oceans as in the biosphere have their influence, but these too are limited: once the temperature of the full ocean (including the deep oceans) is increased by a certain temperature, the related increase of CO2 in the atmosphere will hinder a further increase of CO2 from the oceans.

Additional carbon dioxide uptake causes direct changes in seawater acid - base and inorganic carbon chemistry in a process termed ocean acidification.

The rate of that process reacts rather weakly to modest changes in pH and that change affects the ocean chemistry significantly only on very long term.

If as I suggest one includes the much denser oceans as a component of atmosphere then increases in CO2 become irredeemably trivial in terms of their power to alter overall density and the speed of energy throughput and thus the global heat retaining process.

4 Natural Processes that Change Climate Ocean Circulations Changes in ocean circulation also can result in short - term climate fluctuation EX: ElOcean Circulations Changes in ocean circulation also can result in short - term climate fluctuation EX: Elocean circulation also can result in short - term climate fluctuation EX: El Niño

Over the 5 long term, this warming conforms to a complex trend that can be simplified as a monotonic curve, but the actual pathway is steplike... this rules out gradual warming, either in situ in the atmosphere or as gradual release from the ocean, in favour of a more abrupt process of storage and release.

Climate sensitivity is defined in terms of global averages (there is only one number) but a GCM is fully time - dependent, three - dimensional simulation that typically includes atmospheric and ocean processes.

In many cases, the lack or insufficient quality of long - term observations, be it a specific variable, an important processes, or a particular region (e.g., polar areas, the upper troposphere / lower stratosphere (UTLS), and the deep ocean), remains an impediment.

Theo Goodwin, the ocean heat content change doesn't average out to zero in the long term, only those internal processes you mention which shuffle energy around.

They are undergoing a process known as neutralization, but the term «acidification» sounds scarier than talking about the oceans becoming slightly less basic or a little more neutral.

Hi CH There are two major factor in global climatic changes (and I consider CO2 to be a minor one, taking place below the UHI)-- direct Sun - Earth link (TSI, electromagnetic, UV and particle radiation)-- Ocean heath storage (long term integration process) and distribution (ocean currents) Views of solar scientists (including Mike Lockwood) are constrained by their 1950's hero Eugene Parker's theories, which the latest discoveries often bring into quesOcean heath storage (long term integration process) and distribution (ocean currents) Views of solar scientists (including Mike Lockwood) are constrained by their 1950's hero Eugene Parker's theories, which the latest discoveries often bring into quesocean currents) Views of solar scientists (including Mike Lockwood) are constrained by their 1950's hero Eugene Parker's theories, which the latest discoveries often bring into question.

Basically per the work of Zeebe and others, the idea is that in those times (and today) the rates of CO2 emissions, and temperature increases, overwhelmed the short term feedbacks (biosphere, surface ocean etc), before the long term feedbacks (deep ocean, weathering, etc) could cut in to process them.

Mitrovica and Peltier (1991) coined the term «equatorial ocean syphoning» to describe the GIA - induced sea - level fall and they provided the first physical explanation for the process.

In terms of average going from say 80 to 30 C - and in terms getting everything back to normal - depends how long it takes to cool oceans - a relatively very slow process.

It was an appropriate hypothesis that rests in a knowledge gap (freely admitted by climate scientists - again in the IPCC), but Spencer seemed unable to pinpoint how long - term cloud changes can be decoupled from temperature changes (he hypothesised that ocean / atmospheric processes, like ENSO and PDO, can cause long - term changes in cloud dynamics - but didn't show how that happens).

«In many cases, the lack of long term observations, observations suitable for the evaluation of important processes, or observations in particular regions (e.g., polar areas, the upper troposphere / lower stratosphere (UTLS), and the deep ocean) remains an impediment.»

I was simply seeking to bridge the gap between the ENSO process that you describe and the longer term climate cycling that seems to be ocean driven.

Because weather patterns vary, causing temperatures to be higher or lower than average from time to time due to factors like ocean processes, cloud variability, volcanic activity, and other natural cycles, scientists take a longer - term view in order to consider all of the year - to - year changes.

Since to me (and many scientists, although some wanted a lot more corroborative evidence, which they've also gotten) it makes absolutely no sense to presume that the earth would just go about its merry way and keep the climate nice and relatively stable for us (though this rare actual climate scientist pseudo skeptic seems to think it would, based upon some non scientific belief — see second half of this piece), when the earth changes climate easily as it is, climate is ultimately an expression of energy, it is stabilized (right now) by the oceans and ice sheets, and increasing the number of long term thermal radiation / heat energy absorbing and re radiating molecules to levels not seen on earth in several million years would add an enormous influx of energy to the lower atmosphere earth system, which would mildly warm the air and increasingly transfer energy to the earth over time, which in turn would start to alter those stabilizing systems (and which, with increasing ocean energy retention and accelerating polar ice sheet melting at both ends of the globe, is exactly what we've been seeing) and start to reinforce the same process until a new stases would be reached well after the atmospheric levels of ghg has stabilized.

Because of the vastness of the deep ocean, most of the heat from long term forcing will eventually be stored there, but the process take centuries to approach equilibrium asymptotically.

Supports the hunch that there are long - term persistent processes (ocean upwelling?

-- the atmospheric concentration of CO2 and other GHG's; — the reflective & absorptive characteristics, as a function of wavelength, for the GHG's; — the specific heat and mass of the earth's intermediate - term heat - storage media — the oceans (primarily) and the atmosphere; — the quantity of heat absorbed by phase - changes = ice - melt; and by chemical / biological processes.

These effects have little if any part in the long term trend, which is, indeed, due to the anthropogenic releases and the reaction of natural processes to the existing levels in atmosphere and oceans as well as the state of the land based vegetation and soil.

However, the conditions predicted for the open ocean may not reflect the future conditions in the coastal zone, where many of these organisms live (Hendriks et al. 2010a, b; Hofmann et al. 2011; Kelly and Hofmann 2012), and results derived from changes in pH in coastal ecosystems often include processes other than OA, such as emissions from volcanic vents, eutrophication, upwelling and long - term changes in the geological cycle of CO2, which commonly involve simultaneous changes in other key factors affecting the performance of calcifiers, thereby confounding the response expected from OA by anthropogenic CO2 alone.

The first order objective is to acquire a practical capability (coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulations climate modes) to model the seasonal and geographic variability of the climate system in terms of physics / mathematics - based processes.

Modeling long - term climate change for the entire planet, however, was held back by lack of computer power, ignorance of key processes such as cloud formation, inability to calculate the crucial ocean circulation, and insufficient data on the world's actual climate.

This is a quite rapid process (for the upper oceans), but much slower for deep ocean temperature changes, which results in the above differences in ratios for short term and long term temperature variations...