Sentences with phrase «terms of equilibrium»

The notion that there is, in nature, «the climate sensitivity» (TECS) is scientifically nonsensical, for TECS is defined in terms of the equilibrium temperature ∆ T but ∆ T is not an observable feature of the real world.

Scientists often talk about it in terms of the equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS), which is the

Scientists often talk about it in terms of the equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS), which is the long - term temperature increase that we expect from a permanent doubling of atmospheric CO2.

I never asserted that sensitivity in terms of equilibrium time - average surface temperature change per unit change in TOA or even tropopause - level forcing (with or without stratospheric adjustment) would be the same for each type of forcing for each climatic state and the external forcings that maintain it (or for that matter, for each of those different of forcings (TOA vs tropopause, etc.) with everything held constant.

Strictly speaking, Marks» observation is correct, but to see what's actually happening here, it's important to think in terms of equilibrium.

In terms of equilibrium, this has more to do with the child's internal response.

Not exact matches

However, a large literature concludes that the equilibrium real short - term rate is very unlikely to be constant, with its value affected by many factors, including the pace of technological change, fiscal policy and the evolution of financial conditions.3

Still, we see less risk of a renewed oil price plunge and the potential for a gradual rise toward long - term equilibrium levels around $ 60 a barrel, where supply and demand are likely to find a better balance.

Jury is still out on secular stagnation — «At present, it looks likely that the equilibrium interest rate will remain low for the policy - relevant future, but there have in the past been both long swings and short - term changes in what can be thought of as equilibrium real rates»

And yes, actually the market reaction has really being quite muted and I don't know whether this partly reflects the new economic norm, you know the flattening of the Phillips Curve, disruptive change, lower inflation the Fed talked about at the Jackson Hole Summit last year, something called Our Star which is going to lower long - term rate of equilibrium interest rates.

It should be evident that for McCabe freedom of will depends on a delicate balance between competing motives, what he termed «the equilibrium indispensable for personic action» (DN 223).

Since I'm sure you're some sort of Biologist, the terms «Punctuated equilibrium» and «Morphogenesis» should be very familiar to you.

For Niebuhr, equal justice, an inexact term covering a wide range of ideas, was generally defined as a decent equilibrium of power.

These remarks about equilibrium, protectiveness and stability may seem irrelevant to the concept of personal identity interpreted in terms of the habitual body, but in fact, they are not.

The process of separation, transition, and reintegration occurs in terms of the disruption of a steady state at or near equilibrium, which brings matter increasingly far from equilibrium to a point at which a «decision» is made between alternative possibilities randomly presented by its environment, resulting in its reorganization in novel emergent form.

The cosmological story, too, can be told in terms of (1) disruption of a prior equilibrium, (2) transition toward an unknown outcome, and (3) reintegration into a renewed and transformed equilibrium — a process made possible by a directional but indeterminate universe continually engendering new order from chaos.

Deloitte Access Economics (DAE) was commissioned by Tabcorp to model public benefits of cost savings they anticipated from the merger DAE's Regional General Equilibrium computer general equilibrium model (CGE model) to estimate «broader and long - term economy - wide benefits associated with the merger»Equilibrium computer general equilibrium model (CGE model) to estimate «broader and long - term economy - wide benefits associated with the merger»equilibrium model (CGE model) to estimate «broader and long - term economy - wide benefits associated with the merger» (para 514)

At the moment, the kelvin is defined in terms of the temperature at which ice, liquid water and water vapour can coexist in equilibrium — 273.16 K or 0.01 °C.

There's so much CO2 in the oceans that, unless some kind of tipping point is triggered, atmospheric emissions shouldn't affect that (very) long term equilibrium anywhere as much as they affect the atmosphere in the short run.

It is worth adding though, that temperature trends over the next few decades are more likely to be correlated to the TCR, rather than the equilibrium sensitivity, so if one is interested in the near - term implications of this debate, the constraints on TCR are going to be more important.

In terms of modelling I think there is quite a bit of variation in time to equilibrium.

It is similar to handstand in terms of finding the spot of equilibrium.

Included in the PowerPoint: Macroeconomic Objectives (AS Level) a) Aggregate Demand (AD) and Aggregate Supply (AS) analysis - the shape and determinants of AD and AS curves; AD = C+I+G + (X-M)- the distinction between a movement along and a shift in AD and AS - the interaction of AD and AS and the determination of the level of output, prices and employment b) Inflation - the definition of inflation; degrees of inflation and the measurement of inflation; deflation and disinflation - the distinction between money values and real data - the cause of inflation (cost - push and demand - pull inflation)- the consequences of inflation c) Balance of payments - the components of the balance of payments accounts (using the IMF / OECD definition): current account; capital and financial account; balancing item - meaning of balance of payments equilibrium and disequilibrium - causes of balance of payments disequilibrium in each component of the accounts - consequences of balance of payments disequilibrium on domestic and external economy d) Exchange rates - definitions and measurement of exchange rates - nominal, real, trade - weighted exchange rates - the determination of exchange rates - floating, fixed, managed float - the factors underlying changes in exchange rates - the effects of changing exchange rates on the domestic and external economy using AD, Marshall - Lerner and J curve analysis - depreciation / appreciation - devaluation / revaluation e) The Terms of Trade - the measurement of the terms of trade - causes of the changes in the terms of trade - the impact of changes in the terms of trade f) Principles of Absolute and comparative advantage - the distinction between absolute and comparative advantage - free trade area, customs union, monetary union, full economic union - trade creation and trade diversion - the benefits of free trade, including the trading possibility curve g) Protectionism - the meaning of protectionism in the context of international trade - different methods of protection and their impact, for example, tariffs, import duties and quotas, export subsidies, embargoes, voluntary export restraints (VERs) and excessive administrative burdens («red tape»)- the arguments in favor of protectionism This PowerPoint is best used when using worksheets and activities to help reinforce the ideas talked aTerms of Trade - the measurement of the terms of trade - causes of the changes in the terms of trade - the impact of changes in the terms of trade f) Principles of Absolute and comparative advantage - the distinction between absolute and comparative advantage - free trade area, customs union, monetary union, full economic union - trade creation and trade diversion - the benefits of free trade, including the trading possibility curve g) Protectionism - the meaning of protectionism in the context of international trade - different methods of protection and their impact, for example, tariffs, import duties and quotas, export subsidies, embargoes, voluntary export restraints (VERs) and excessive administrative burdens («red tape»)- the arguments in favor of protectionism This PowerPoint is best used when using worksheets and activities to help reinforce the ideas talked aterms of trade - causes of the changes in the terms of trade - the impact of changes in the terms of trade f) Principles of Absolute and comparative advantage - the distinction between absolute and comparative advantage - free trade area, customs union, monetary union, full economic union - trade creation and trade diversion - the benefits of free trade, including the trading possibility curve g) Protectionism - the meaning of protectionism in the context of international trade - different methods of protection and their impact, for example, tariffs, import duties and quotas, export subsidies, embargoes, voluntary export restraints (VERs) and excessive administrative burdens («red tape»)- the arguments in favor of protectionism This PowerPoint is best used when using worksheets and activities to help reinforce the ideas talked aterms of trade - the impact of changes in the terms of trade f) Principles of Absolute and comparative advantage - the distinction between absolute and comparative advantage - free trade area, customs union, monetary union, full economic union - trade creation and trade diversion - the benefits of free trade, including the trading possibility curve g) Protectionism - the meaning of protectionism in the context of international trade - different methods of protection and their impact, for example, tariffs, import duties and quotas, export subsidies, embargoes, voluntary export restraints (VERs) and excessive administrative burdens («red tape»)- the arguments in favor of protectionism This PowerPoint is best used when using worksheets and activities to help reinforce the ideas talked aterms of trade f) Principles of Absolute and comparative advantage - the distinction between absolute and comparative advantage - free trade area, customs union, monetary union, full economic union - trade creation and trade diversion - the benefits of free trade, including the trading possibility curve g) Protectionism - the meaning of protectionism in the context of international trade - different methods of protection and their impact, for example, tariffs, import duties and quotas, export subsidies, embargoes, voluntary export restraints (VERs) and excessive administrative burdens («red tape»)- the arguments in favor of protectionism This PowerPoint is best used when using worksheets and activities to help reinforce the ideas talked about.

Due to its strictness and efficiency in its workouts, it has aided in streamlining and brought about equilibrium in financial markets thus it's increasingly beneficial in terms of regulatory themes.

Presuming that asset prices fluctuate around a stable, long - term equilibrium, extreme deviations serve as lead indicators of trend reversals.

In order to apply this technique to the Fund's portfolio, the existing securities and the securities to which one might upgrade, would have to come to some sort of equilibrium in terms of value offered.

Of course, we can express that equilibrium in other terms with equal accuracy.

Shorter term traders tend to focus on a primacy of the income account, near - term changes in market prices, top - down analysis and equilibrium pricing (i.e., the market price reflects all - encompassing values).

Let's look at what could cause the equilibrium CAPE to fall back toward, or even below, its long - term average, causing the current level of CAPE to tumble.

This piece will have echoes from my recent piece The Bane of Broken Balance Sheets, where I tried to point out why many assets are trading below equilibrium levels, but also why it is rational for them to be so valued, because of the lack of long - term financing capacity.

If that were the natural long - term equilibrium for their situation, they would have been already earning returns in excess of their cost of capital prior to the tax cut.

Trend following may also work in times of persistent excess (contango) However, the run of contango commodities experienced from 2005 - 2012, seems to have ended and commodities are currently hovering at the line near equilibrium where short term disruptions swing the pendulum quickly.

And I claim that long term this is the equilibrium price of that median home.

Of course, if in addition investors don't have complete control over managers - because of weaknesses in corporate governance, for example - and managers have personal incentives to generate returns in the short term (to preserve their jobs or for the public adulation that success brings), the private equilibrium may again generate excessive risk takinOf course, if in addition investors don't have complete control over managers - because of weaknesses in corporate governance, for example - and managers have personal incentives to generate returns in the short term (to preserve their jobs or for the public adulation that success brings), the private equilibrium may again generate excessive risk takinof weaknesses in corporate governance, for example - and managers have personal incentives to generate returns in the short term (to preserve their jobs or for the public adulation that success brings), the private equilibrium may again generate excessive risk taking.

Her method of using a grid overlaid with pigment integrated the values of «equilibrium» and «balance» — terms that laid the foundation of her formalism inherited from Mondrian.

The 21st Biennale of Sydney title borrows the quantum mechanical term «superposition'to link the notions of equilibrium and engagement.

Now, clouds do not make heat exchange imponderable, especially in long term trends of climate analysis, the averages due to what we already know about dynamic equilibrium outcomes and what we observe in the feedbacks going back even greater then 30 years.

In the unlikely case of an abrupt fuel burning cessation, we could add aerosols at a decreasing rate, both to smooth the transition, but also because atmospheric CO2 would drop significantly during the first few years after a cessation, as the shorter term reservoirs have not yet come to equilibrium and would still be absorbing CO2 at a decent clip for several years.

We climatologists describe this in terms of the climate sensitivity, the warming that results in equilibrium from a doubling of CO2.

In the interview he mentioned the 11 degrees bit and we chatted for a while about how that was a very long term figure (such a climate sensitivity would require a very long time to come into equilibrium) and how we gave no odds at all of that being the case.

It is worth adding though, that temperature trends over the next few decades are more likely to be correlated to the TCR, rather than the equilibrium sensitivity, so if one is interested in the near - term implications of this debate, the constraints on TCR are going to be more important.

Question: before talking about simulating climate CHANGE, how long does the climate science community expect it to take before GCM's can reproduce the real world climate PRIOR to human induced CO2 perturbation in terms of: — «equilibrium point», i.e. without artificial flux adjustment to avoid climatic drift, — «natural variability», in terms of, for instance, the Hurst coefficient at different locations on the planet?

(57k) When I state that the equilibrium climatic response must balance imposed RF (and feedbacks that occur), I am referring to a global time average RF and global time average response (in terms of radiative and convective fluxes), on a time scale sufficient to characterize the climatic state (including cycles driven by externally - forced cycles (diurnal, annual) and internal variability.

Maybe the word «equilibrium» should be omitted from all climate sensitivity estimates, from the shortest term values (TCR) to the longest and most comprehensive (Earth System), since all the different forms of sensitivity estimation seem, in my view, to be looking at somewhat different phenomena and should not necessarily yield the same values.

Heat capacity that is «used» over a longer period of time (penetration of temperature change through the depths of the ocean and up to regions of upwelling) would leave a more persistent residual imbalance, but the effect would only just stall the full change to equilibrium climate, not change the long term equilibrium sensitivity.)

Even the conventional notion of ECS involving the short - term (Charney) feedbacks doesn't represent an equilibrium result, which is better represented by «Earth System Sensitivity» estimates.

If the OLR and absorbed UV are the same for heightened CO2 (at equilibrium), then the only change comes from ε which appears in the denominator of a term forcing the whole expression to become smaller with higher CO2.

A simple glance at the buffering power of the carbonate equilibrium system and the vast reservoir of DIC in the oceans would lead one to guess that CO2 acidification would be negligible — but it's the rate of change, not the long - term equilibria, that matters in terms of the real - time effect.

Actually, we're using the term climate sensitivity in the same sense, the equilibrium response of mean temp to the surface radiative forcing associated with CO2 doubling.

Note that «equilibrium» in this thread — up through response 162 — was in terms of climate sensitivity, answering the question about where the «extra heat» comes from.