Sentences with phrase «terms of the amplitude»

«In that crack you have strong tidal flow, so it would be interesting to see what a real ice sheet does in an environment that's analogous in terms of the amplitude of the stresses and the temperatures of the ice,» Kite said.

And so if we insist in focusing on size, in terms of amplitude visible light is «bigger» than infrared light [or thermal IR] in terms comparing a photon to photon.

Not exact matches

It is the central premise behind inflation targeting, and central bankers — essentially without exception — assert that they have the capacity to affect or even determine inflation in the long term, but that they do not have the capacity to affect the average level of output, much less its growth rate over time, even though they may have the capacity to affect the amplitude of cyclical fluctuations.

And I think that from an Austrian standpoint exacerbates this boom - bust cycle which we've seen really compressed in terms of time verses what has historically been the case since maybe the mid to late 90s and the amplitude of bubbles to the upside has just been far greater.

Our tool can also provide measurements in terms of wave amplitudes around ships, as well as pressures on ships» surfaces.»

This term expresses the fact that the initial sphericity of the supernova shock wave is spontaneously broken, because the shock develops large - amplitude, pulsating asymmetries by the oscillatory growth of initially small, random seed perturbations.

In addition, gender differences may exist in terms of the quadriceps - to - hamstrings ratio of EMG amplitude during 1 - leg exercises.

Additionally, EMG amplitude measured in a muscle during an exercise may be related to the long - term increases in muscle size in that part of the muscle (Wakahara et al. 2012; Wakahara et al. 2013).

Although EMG amplitude can not be taken as a proxy measure of muscle fiber recruitment (Vigotsky et al. 2015a), there are nevertheless some indications that it is related to the long - term changes in muscle size under certain conditions.

This was demonstrated very clearly by Lehman & McGill (1999), who compared the magnitude of EMG amplitude between the upper and lower rectus abdominis during a trunk curl exercise and expressed the resulting EMG amplitude in both absolute and normalized terms.

Recently, Balshaw et al. (2017) found that changes in EMG amplitude were predictive of increased strength gains after long - term training, but they did not compare heavy and light loads.

Amplitude does a solid little job of bringing back a Harmonix classic in mechanical terms, and it can be a fun distraction in small doses, but it just doesn't provide enough to sustain itself or its audience.

Re 106: can the remaining wiggles be compared to the Gibbs phenomenon observed in generating for instance a square wave by a Fourier series... The amplitude of the initial wiggles does not decrease using more and more Fourier terms... Or is discontinuity not a feature occurring in climate models?

The models and observations both also indicate that the amplitude of interannual variability about these longer - term trends is quite large, making it foolhardy, at best, to try to estimate the slope of anthropogenic warming from a few years of data (as you seem to advocate).

Such a dearth of phase switching across the reliable instrumental era means that there are large uncertainties about the long - term frequency, amplitude, or dominance of either phase.

If there was a lot of noise in the data, it would look statistically different too, with unrealistic interannual amplitudes and short - term frequencies.

The equations for Rossby waves (Calculation of the Meridional Wave Number, Physics of the Parameter, and Calculation of the Amplitudes) show that this can occur if a set of necessary conditions are met: u ¯ > 0 in the midlatitude region; the highest value of l within the waveguide is in the range of the meridional wave numbers lm dominantly contributing to the external forcing with a given m, which provides closeness of the k waves to respective m waves not only in terms of the zonal but also the meridional wave numbers, favoring the QRA of the m waves; the total latitudinal width of the waveguide is no less than the characteristic spatial scale of the relevant Airy function (25), which is used as the boundary condition at its southern and northern boundaries; and latitudinal distribution of l is sufficiently smooth in the waveguide, and both TPs lie within a midlatitude region of ∼ 25 ° N — 30 ° N and ∼ 65 ° N − 70 ° N, as the necessary condition for the application of quasilinear Wentzel − Kramers − Brillouin (WKB) method (25) when solving the equations for Rossby waves.

Our results suggest that the decadal AO and multidecadal LFO drive large amplitude natural variability in the Arctic making detection of possible long - term trends induced by greenhouse gas warming most difficult.

Large amplitude fluctuations in the frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones greatly complicate both the detection of long - term trends and their attribution to rising levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases.

«The long - term trends (> 1000 a) of temperature were controlled by the millennium - scale cycle, and amplitudes were dominated by multi-century cycles.

However, a «50 - year Gaussian filter» as was used by Briffa and Jones the 99 Science and RG articles is a clever bell - shaped filter that has a 50 - year characteristic period (in terms of its half - amplitude, I believe), yet uses well under 50 observations, and hence can get even closer to the end without endpadding issues arising.

However his shifts and lulls have an amplitude of 0.1 degrees, and therefore are washed out in a longer term warming trend.

True, but fails to explain why the longer - term mean about which those cycles fluctuate is trending up other than curve - fitting an «approximation by three sinusoids of periods 1000 years, 210 years and 60 years,» ANSWER: The curve fitting exercise is labeled as such «heuristic»; the lengths of the cycles are from other observations, some displayed on figures 5 - B & C; only the amplitudes and phase of the 215 and 60 years sinusoids are subject to optimization; Singular Spectrum Analysis has been applied by Diego Macias et al (note 18) to the HadCRUT series with equivalent results, and among many others by Liu Yu et al..

There are no direct measurements of solar radiation on climatological time scales, but a variety of circumstantial evidence suggests that longer - term variations do occur, perhaps with larger amplitudes than those found in the two most recent eleven - year Schwabe cycles.

The ability of internal dynamics to modify concentrations on shorter timescales would not conflict with these conclusions even if the short term variations were greater in amplitude than they appear to be.

The long - term variations track the envelope of group sunspot numbers and have amplitudes consistent with the range of Ca II brightness in Sun - like stars.

Examination of records of fast ice thickness (1936 — 2000) and ice extent (1900 — 2000) in the Kara, Laptev, East Siberian, and Chukchi Seas provide evidence that long - term ice thickness and extent trends are small and generally not statistically significant, while trends for shorter records are not indicative of the long - term tendencies due to large - amplitude low - frequency variability.

Current climatic warming simply does not accord with the trends, neither in terms of direction or (especially) amplitude.

Although it is clear that further attention is required in defining and characterizing the aspects of this variation (e.g. frequency and amplitude [44,65]-RRB- that lead to differences in species responses, a more immediate empirical challenge is to characterize and separate the effects of periodic, stochastic and / or cyclical natural variations [61] from directional change imposed by long - term climatic forcing.

It would be helpful to see a graph of how the tidal amplitude varies — how much variabiligy remains outide of the spring - neap and other short - term cycles?

This is the point of notional equilibrium — a necessary condition for model initiation (it is very difficult to build in long term cycles and the reality of non-equilibrium when the causes of those cycles, as well as their amplitude and frequency are so poorly known).

Anticipating that the influence of the aerosol forcing is strongest for longer term temperature trends in summer, application of the detection and attribution test to the latest observed 50 - y trend pattern of summer temperature yielded statistical consistency with the greenhouse gas - plus - aerosol simulation with respect to both the pattern and amplitude of the signal.

The global temperature curve is essentially a sine curve with lots of annual (even monthly) ups and downs, an underlying amplitude of around 0.23 C and a multi-decadal half - cycle of around 30 years on a tilted axis with a long - term warming trend of around 0.04 C per decade.

A search in English for the term LCD, for example, would not only return «liquid crystal display» from English language documents, but also any discussion of electro - optical amplitude modulator, flat display device or flat screen monitor — as well as documents using those terms or concepts in the Japanese and Chinese languages.