Sentences with phrase «terrestrial ecosystem changes»

Examples of such nonlinear behaviour include rapid circulation changes in the North Atlantic and feedbacks associated with terrestrial ecosystem changes.

«Committed terrestrial ecosystem changes due to climate change» When trying to position the Amazon tipping point on the scale of the global temperature rise, one of the most - often cited studies is one from the year 2009, performed by a team of researchers of the UK Met Office Hadley Centre, led by Chris Jones and published in Nature Geoscience.

It's not even about the Amazon specifically, but rather the entire world, titled «Committed terrestrial ecosystem changes due to climate change», but it's this study that led to headlines, shortly before the big UN climate conference in Copenhagen that same year, of how unabated climate change could wipe out most of the world's largest remaining rainforest.

«Late Triassic terrestrial ecosystem changes.»

Not exact matches

the key function of the dairy sector in the management of terrestrial ecosystems and the need to address environmental degradation and climate change, and to support biodiversity;

Depends on whether one worries about climate change or persistent plastics in terrestrial and marine ecosystems.

Diffenbaugh and Field review the physical conditions that are likely to shape the impacts of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems, showing that they will face rates of change unprecedented in the past 65 million years.

The impact of climate on terrestrial ecosystems probably will be dramatic due to the rapid pace of climate change.

The impact of climate on terrestrial ecosystems probably will be dramatic because of the rapid pace of climate change.

Daintree is just one of the sites in Australia's Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN), an information - sharing organization that collects, manages, and shares data on flora, fauna, and other environmental factors to capture snapshots of what key wilderness ecosystems look like now and measure the potential effects of climate change.

They found surprisingly, that human - induced emissions of methane and nitrous oxide from ecosystems overwhelmingly surpass the ability of the land to soak up carbon dioxide emissions, which makes the terrestrial biosphere a contributor to climate change.

Vulnerability of anaerobically protected carbon to future climate or land use change thus constitutes a yet unrecognized soil carbon - climate feedback that should be incorporated into terrestrial ecosystem models.»

As no other taxonomic group contains terrestrial animals in the size classes of the large modern mammals, the functional loss of large mammals can rarely be compensated, leading to permanent ecosystem changes [49].

Cory Cleveland, a UM professor of terrestrial ecosystem ecology, said that previous research in the wet tropics — where much of global forest productivity occurs — indicates that the increased rainfall that may occur with climate change would cause declines in plant growth.

Anthony Janetos • Lead Author, Working Group II, «Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability» of the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (2007) • Contributing Author, Working Group I, «The Carbon Cycle,» IPCC Third Assessment Report (2005) • Lead Author, IPCC Special Report: Land Use, Land - Use Change and Forestry (2000) • Lead Author, Working Group I, «Greenhouse Gases: Sources and Sinks,» IPCC Second Assessment Report (2000) • Contributing Author, Working Group II, «Natural Terrestrial Ecosystems,» IPCC First Assessment Report (1990).

At PNNL, Guenther will promote advancements in examining the role of terrestrial ecosystems in climate change.

The coastal ecosystems of mangroves, seagrass meadows and tidal marshes mitigate climate change by sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere and oceans at significantly higher rates, per unit area, than terrestrial forests (Figure 1).

At its 43rd Session (Nairobi, Kenya, 11 - 13 April 2016), the IPCC decided to prepare a special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems.

At its 45th Session (Guadalajara, Mexico, 28 - 31 March 2017), the Panel approved the outline of Climate Change and Land: an IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosyChange and Land: an IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosychange, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems.

We used subfossil mosses and peats to document changes in regional climate, cryosphere, and terrestrial ecosystems in the western Antarctic Peninsula at ~ 65S latitude.

The proposed goals include promoting actions at all levels to address climate change, attaining conservation and sustainable use of marine resources, oceans and seas, and protecting and restoring terrestrial ecosystems and halting all biodiversity loss.

Changes in terrestrial plant and animal species ranges are shifting the location and extent of biomes, and altering ecosystem structure and functioning.

The structure of terrestrial ecosystems, which respond on even longer time - scales, is determined by the integrated response to changes in climate and to the intermediate time - scale carbon - nutrient machinery.

Prognostic models of terrestrial carbon cycle and terrestrial ecosystem processes are central for any consideration of the effects of environmental change and analysis of mitigation strategies; moreover, these demands will become even more significant as countries begin to adopt carbon emission targets.

Modeling Terrestrial Ecosystems in the Global Carbon Cycle With Shifts in Carbon Storage Capacity by Land - Use Change, William R. Emanuel & George G. Killough, Ecology, Vol.

Jerry's research team has developed and uses a simulation model, the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM), to consider the impacts of various aspects of global change — climate, chemistry of the atmosphere and precipitation, land cover and land use — on the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems acrossTerrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM), to consider the impacts of various aspects of global change — climate, chemistry of the atmosphere and precipitation, land cover and land use — on the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems acrossterrestrial ecosystems across the globe.

Its mission is to facilitate access to reliable information on terrestrial ecosystems so that researchers and policy - makers can detect and manage global and regional environmental change.

Hellmann, J. J., K. J. Nadelhoffer, L. R. Iverson, L. H. Ziska, S. N. Matthews, P. Myers, A. M. Prasad, and M. P. Peters, 2010: Climate change impacts on terrestrial ecosystems in the Chicago region.

Biochar advocates and agrofuel associates claim that the already depleted land base and terrestrial ecosystems will provide enough biomass to become a major source of the world's heating fuel, electricity, road transport and aviation fuels — while providing enough charcoal to bury to appreciably mitigate climate change.

The IPCC further concludes that substantial changes in structure and functioning of terrestrial ecosystems are very likely to occur with a global warming of more than 2 - 3 °C above preindustrial levels.

Its warming effect, however, is simultaneously amplified and dampened by positive and negative feedbacks such as increased water vapor (the most powerful greenhouse gas), reduced albedo, which is a measure of Earth's reflectivity, changes in cloud characteristics, and CO2 exchanges with the ocean and terrestrial ecosystems.

The paper says a warming of 5ºC − likely to happen in the next century if climate change goes on unabated − would put nearly all terrestrial natural ecosystems at risk of severe change.

In both polar regions, there is strong evidence of the ongoing impacts of climate change on terrestrial and freshwater species, communities and ecosystems (very high confidence).

«This record is the first evidence that carbon dioxide may be linked with environmental changes, such as changes in the terrestrial ecosystem, distribution of ice, sea level and monsoon intensity.»

The NAO's prominent upward trend from the 1950s to the 1990s caused large regional changes in air temperature, precipitation, wind and storminess, with accompanying impacts on marine and terrestrial ecosystems, and contributed to the accelerated rise in global mean surface temperature (e.g., Hurrell 1996; Ottersen et al. 2001; Thompson et al. 2000; Visbeck et al. 2003; Stenseth et al. 2003).

Changes in vegetation carbon residence times can cause major shifts in the distribution of carbon between pools, overall fluxes, and the time constants of terrestrial carbon transitions, with consequences for the land carbon balance and the associated state of ecosystems.

«One quarter of CO2 emissions are going to terrestrial ecosystems, but the details of those processes and how they will respond to a changing climate are inadequately understood, particularly for tropical forests,» Chambers said.

Thawing permafrost also delivers organic - rich soils to lake bottoms, where decomposition in the absence of oxygen releases additional methane.116 Extensive wildfires also release carbon that contributes to climate warming.107, 117,118 The capacity of the Yukon River Basin in Alaska and adjacent Canada to store carbon has been substantially weakened since the 1960s by the combination of warming and thawing of permafrost and by increased wildfire.119 Expansion of tall shrubs and trees into tundra makes the surface darker and rougher, increasing absorption of the sun's energy and further contributing to warming.120 This warming is likely stronger than the potential cooling effects of increased carbon dioxide uptake associated with tree and shrub expansion.121 The shorter snow - covered seasons in Alaska further increase energy absorption by the land surface, an effect only slightly offset by the reduced energy absorption of highly reflective post-fire snow - covered landscapes.121 This spectrum of changes in Alaskan and other high - latitude terrestrial ecosystems jeopardizes efforts by society to use ecosystem carbon management to offset fossil fuel emissions.94, 95,96

A range of impacts on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems has been suggested under climate change (see, for example, Leemans and Eickhout, 2004), some of which are summarised in Table 9.1 (for further details see Chapter 4; Nkomo et al., 2006; Warren et al., 2006).

Changes in terrestrial ecosystems in Alaska and the Arctic may be influencing the global climate system.

Estimating the carbon stocks in terrestrial ecosystems and accounting for changes in these stocks requires adequate information on land cover, carbon density in vegetation and soils, and the fate of carbon (burning, removals, decomposition).

Accounting for changes in all carbon stocks in all areas would yield the net carbon exchange between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere (NBP).

Global environmental change is rapidly altering the dynamics of terrestrial vegetation, with consequences for the functioning of the Earth system and provision of ecosystem services1, 2.

Stefan Rahmstorf, a climate physicist at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, says that, even though CO2 emissions from fossil - fuel sources are down, global emissions overall are still increasing, mainly because of changes in terrestrial ecosystems, including deforestation in the Amazon Basin.

Management actions, such as maintenance of genetic diversity, assisted species migration and dispersal, manipulation of disturbance regimes (e.g., fires, floods), and reduction of other stressors, can reduce, but not eliminate, risks of impacts to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems due to climate change, as well as increase the inherent capacity of ecosystems and their species to adapt to a changing climate (high confidence).

Impacts of large - scale and persistent changes in the MOC are likely to include changes to marine ecosystem productivity, fisheries, ocean carbon dioxide uptake, oceanic oxygen concentrations and terrestrial vegetation [Working Group I Fourth Assessment 10.3, 10.7; Working Group II Fourth Assessment 12.6, 19.3].

Since NRC, 2002 was published, the potential for abrupt impacts associated with gradual changes in extreme events — such as abrupt changes in terrestrial ecosystems due to droughts and storms — has been studied extensively (e.g., Hutyra et al., 2005; Saatchi et al., 2013).

Lastly, I would like to draw the Committee's attention to the testimony of Dr. Steven Murawski, of NMFS, at a hearing on Projected and Past Effects of Climate Change: a Focus on Marine and Terrestrial Ecosystems before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation, Subcommittee on Global Climate Change and Impacts, on April 26, 2006.

Global response of terrestrial ecosystem structure and function to CO2 and climate change: results from six dynamic global vegetation models.

At its 43rd Session (Nairobi, Kenya, 11 - 13 April 2016), the IPCC decided to prepare a special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems.