Wetland ecosystems have enormous potential for carbon storage — up to 20 times greater than
terrestrial forest ecosystems — and maritime countries like Indonesia are starting to pay attention.
Not exact matches
The U.S. and Canadian NGO ForestEthics reports that «Canada's boreal
forest (alone) stores 23 percent of the planet's
terrestrial carbon - more carbon per acre than any other
ecosystem on earth, including tropical
forests.
Lead author Dr Mark Abrahams, from UEA's School of Environmental Sciences, said: «Understanding the impacts of subsistence hunting in tropical
forests is crucial not only to safeguard the world's most biodiverse
terrestrial ecosystems, but also to secure a sustainable future for
forest - dependent communities.»
Tropical
forests convert more carbon from the atmosphere into biomass than any other
terrestrial ecosystem on Earth.
At the moment, these carbon markets only trade in credits for
terrestrial ecosystems; for example, keeping a certain amount of
forest intact in order to offset a ton of carbon dioxide emitted by burning fossil fuels.
«These results indicate that protection of natural habitats at a watershed level, including wetlands and
forests, will increase the proportion of rare species and reduce the risk of extinction, which is much greater in aquatic than in
terrestrial ecosystems,» Passy said.
Parts of the vast rain
forest are as much aquatic as
terrestrial ecosystems.
Cory Cleveland, a UM professor of
terrestrial ecosystem ecology, said that previous research in the wet tropics — where much of global
forest productivity occurs — indicates that the increased rainfall that may occur with climate change would cause declines in plant growth.
Because tropical
forests like those in the Sabah have converted large quantities atmospheric carbon into organic material — and they accomplish more of this than any other
terrestrial ecosystem on Earth.
The coastal
ecosystems of mangroves, seagrass meadows and tidal marshes mitigate climate change by sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere and oceans at significantly higher rates, per unit area, than
terrestrial forests (Figure 1).
GOAL 15 — Life on Land — Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of
terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage
forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss.
Land —
Terrestrial ecosystems and land use, sustainable agriculture and food systems, mineral extraction, healthy
forests, pollution, toxics and hazardous wastes
While laying out several important wild cards (expanded farming of biofuels among them), Ausubel and his co-authors see a reasonable prospect for conserving, and restoring,
forests and other stressed
terrestrial ecosystems even as humanity exerts an ever greater influence on the planet.
This
forest plays a key role in the global carbon equation by serving as a major storehouse for
terrestrial carbon — indeed, it is believed to store more carbon per hectare than any other
ecosystem on Earth.
This finds stronger and solid footing in Article 5.1, which states, «Parties should take action to conserve and enhance, as appropriate, sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse gases» (i.e. «biomass,
forests and oceans, and other
terrestrial, coastal and marine
ecosystems»).
M. Davis et al., «New England — Acadian
Forests,» in Taylor H. Ricketts et al., eds.,
Terrestrial Ecoregions of North America: A Conservation Assessment (Washington, DC: Island Press, 1999); David R. Foster, «Harvard
Forest: Addressing Major Issues in Policy Debates and in the Understanding of
Ecosystem Process and Pattern,» LTER Network News: The Newsletter of the Long Term Ecological Network, spring / summer 1996; U.S.
Forest Service, «2006
Forest Health Highlights,» various state sheets, at fhm.fs.fed.us, viewed 2 August 2007.
Based on measurements of
ecosystem CO2 flux, radiation absorption by plants, crop yields and a model simulating the
terrestrial biosphere, a multinational team of researchers has found that during July and August 2003, 500 million tonnes of carbon escaped from the
forests and fields across Europe as a result of extreme heat and drought.
The largest reservoirs of carbon on land are in the
forests of the tropics and the soils of northern high latitudes, which are paradoxically, the least studied of
terrestrial ecosystems, with the bulk of research effort made where most ecologists live, in the mid-latitudes.
A fifth of global human - caused carbon emissions today are absorbed by
terrestrial ecosystems; this important carbon sink operates largely without human intervention, but could be increased through a concerted effort to reduce
forest loss and to restore damaged
ecosystems, which also co-benefits the conservation of biodiversity.
Figure 2: showing value of coastal
ecosystems carbon sinks versus
terrestrial forests; Source: Cifuentes & Kauffman
«One quarter of CO2 emissions are going to
terrestrial ecosystems, but the details of those processes and how they will respond to a changing climate are inadequately understood, particularly for tropical
forests,» Chambers said.
Healthy
forests play a key role in global
ecosystems as they contain much of the
terrestrial biodiversity on the planet and act as a net sink for capturing atmospheric carbon.
This time around, the scientists tapped the vastly improved satellite imagery from Google Earth, which covered more than 210,000 dryland sites, and ground data gathered by the
Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network to carry out a new global analysis of dryland
forest cover.
Amazon
forests represent the world's largest
terrestrial biome and potentially the tropical
ecosystem most vulnerable to abrupt change in response to future climate change in concert with agricultural development (e.g., Cox et al., 2000; Lenton et al., 2008; Zelazowski et al., 2011).
This refers to that part of the framework convention itself that recognizes «common but differentiated» responsibilities between rich and poor countries, and also the need to promote the sustainable management of natural carbon sinks, including «biomass,
forests and oceans as well as other
terrestrial, coastal and marine
ecosystems.»
But the world's land and
forests are already past their carrying capacity, and
terrestrial ecosystems, upon which all life depends, are crashing.
Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of
terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage
forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss • Goal 16.