At last, grueling effort has translated into
test score gains at a school serving poor, minority students and a continually increasing number of children with learning and emotional disabilities.
But the estimated future adult earnings gains based on percentile
test score gains at kindergarten entrance are also large.
Not exact matches
The
scores of last year's MCAS
tests given to Springfield school students rose across the board
at a higher rate than the
gain recorded by school districts statewide, and the dropout rate has fallen more than any other school system in the state.
«In addition to
gains in achievement
test scores we also saw improvements in engagement with school, such as an increase in attendance of about 2.5 weeks per year» said Jonathan Guryan, Associate Professor of Human Development and Social Policy in the Institute for Policy Research
at Northwestern University and Co-director of the University of Chicago Urban Education Lab.
The largest
gains for the
test — the Kentucky Instructional Results System, or KIRIS — came in reading and mathematics, with fewer students
scoring at the «novice,» or lowest, level and more students
scoring at the «proficient» and «distinguished» levels.
A compelling way to see this is to look
at the relationship across schools between the average
test -
score gain students make between the 4th and 8th grade and our summary measure of their students» fluid cognitive ability
at the end of that period (see Figure 2).
By creating this framework where we were using
test score gains to validate practice - based measures, we were
at least creating a common base for discussion.
By looking
at the individual
test scores of each student in Florida, Winters is able to identify
gains in performance
at the 3rd grade level that were not influenced by the «anti-social promotion» policy.
By comparing each student's
gain to
gains among students who performed
at a similar level and would have experienced a similar, natural shift toward the average
score, I can better separate legitimate
test -
score gains and losses from change associated with mean reversion.
Although these
gains are impressive, a USA Today investigative team has expressed concerns that,
at least in some schools, those
test -
score results might have been improperly inflated.
And the situation is even worse because most regulators making decisions about what choice schools should be opened, expanded, or closed are not relying on rigorously identified
gains in
test scores — they just look primarily
at the levels of
test scores and call those with low
scores bad.
Several studies, including our own, clearly demonstrate that teacher evaluation systems that are based on a number of components, such as classroom observation
scores and
test -
score gains, are already much more effective
at predicting future teacher performance than paper credentials and years of experience.
Thirty - seven percent of the students for whom we observe
test -
score gains at least once in both sectors attended a traditional public school after they were in a charter school, while the same is true of only 30 percent of all students in charter schools.
We are still left with the question of whether regulators are any good
at identifying which schools will contribute to
test score gains.
In the end, our analysis of charter school effectiveness is based on the experiences of only those students for whom we observe annual
gains (whether positive or negative) in
test scores at least once in a charter school and
at least once in a traditional public school.
A study of
test scores from 2010 through 2014, by economists
at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Duke University, found that Denver's charters produced «remarkably large
gains in math,» large
gains in writing, and smaller but statistically significant
gains in reading, compared to DPS - operated schools.
To sum up: 1) low - stakes
tests appear to measure something meaningful that shows up in long - run outcomes; 2) we don't know nearly as much about high - stakes exams and long - run outcomes; and 3) there doesn't seem to be a strong correlation between
test -
score gain and other measures of quality
at either the teacher or school level.
A study by researchers
at the National Center on Performance Incentives
at Vanderbilt finds that teachers who were offered rewards of up to $ 15,000 if their students met goals for
test -
score gains did not outperform teachers who were not offered the bonuses.
The reports show educators
at all levels struggling to implement a dramatic and extremely complex change in federal education policy, which radically alters the role of federal and state governments while imposing unprecedented responsibilities and accountability for
test score gains.
My unease stems from my expectation that we will evaluate these innovations by looking
at immediate
test score gains and cost savings.
Despite the vast majority of randomized control trials (RCTs) of private school choice showing significant, positive
test score effects for
at least some subgroups of students, some of those
gains have been modest and other effects have been null for
at least some subgroups.
The report took aim
at the validity of standardized -
test score gains in Texas.
These are the states
at the bottom of the heap when it comes to
test -
score gains as measured by CREDO and other sophisticated analyses.
It is possible that the disproportionately large
gains in
test -
score performance in the states with genuine alternative certification were due to some other factor, possibly other education reforms those states were introducing
at the same time they were widening the door to the teaching profession.
Each of these results is statistically significant
at a very high level, meaning that we can be highly confident that the
test -
score gains made by schools facing the actuality or prospect of voucher competition were larger than the
gains made by other public schools.
So, he asks «whether regulators are any good
at identifying which schools will contribute to
test score gains» and then says this: «The bottom line is that none of the factors used by authorizers to open or renew charter schools in New Orleans were predictive of how much
test score growth these schools could produce later on.»
In addition, all Florida schools are graded from A to F based on the share of their student bodies that
scores at high levels on the FCAT and experiences
gains in their
test scores from year to year.
Our use of annual
gain scores provides an estimate of treatment effects based on the extent to which students
at each school do better or worse than would be expected, given their initial
test scores.
But
test score gains plus observation
scores might be a better look
at «good teaching.»
However, the achievement
gains for charter elementary schools are challenging to estimate and remain unclear because elementary students typically have no baseline
test scores at the time they enter kindergarten.
Overall
scoring patterns in New York State remained largely unchanged, with black and Hispanic students making small proficiency
gains but remaining
at least 20 percentage points behind white
test - takers.
All schools with
at least 30 students in grades 3 — 10 in two or more consecutive years will have standardized
test score gains analyzed by state researchers.
Even though more women and girls are getting college degrees and
scoring in the top ranks on national math
tests than was the case in the 1970s, their academic
gains have not come
at the expense of boys, says a report by the American Association of University Women.
by Tom Kane, Amy Wooten, John Tyler, and Eric Taylor This study of Cincinnati's teacher evaluation system finds that the teachers who receive high ratings from trained evaluators who observe them are also more effective
at promoting
gains in student
test scores.
Even if the resulting
test -
score gains are large, it is not clear that the schools are performing any better
at the entire array of things we want them to do.
I also expressed concern that
test -
score scales lack an essential property for comparing
test -
score gains: an interval of, say, 50 points
at one point on the scale can not be assumed to represent the same achievement growth as a 50 - point interval elsewhere on the scale.
If we link
test scores to monetary
gain, I have no doubt that we will see some increases in
test scores but
at what cost and by what means?»
School systems can and should do much more to draw upon the knowledge and expertise of these staff members, and now that the national conversation about school improvement has begun to expand beyond its narrow fixation on
test -
score gains in reading and math, policy makers may be ready to take a fresh look
at their work.
After four years
at the charter school, eighth - graders showed average
test score gains in math equal to an additional year and a half of school, compared with district students.
They looked not only
at student
test score gains, but also
at years of teacher experience and teacher licensing exam
scores.
Per student spending in American schools has quadrupled since 1960, but
gains in
test scores haven't improved much
at all.
Not surprisingly, a composite teacher evaluation measure that mixes classroom observations and student survey results with
test score gains is generally no better and sometimes much worse
at predicting out of sample
test score gains.
So the folks
at Gates have been trying to scientifically validate a teacher evaluation system that involves a mix of
test score gains, classroom observations, and student surveys so that they can overcome resistance to centrally imposed, mechanistic evaluation systems.
«In some cases, these charter schools have quite large effects, such that attending one for three years produce
test -
score gains that are equivalent to the size of the U.S. black - white achievement gap,» said Sarah Cohodes, an assistant professor of education and public policy
at Columbia University in a publication from Princeton University and the Brookings Institute.
And a new study from the National Center on Performance Incentives
at Vanderbilt University — although not studying the important question of whether teachers who receive high
scores on TAP evaluations tend to produce greater
gains in their students»
test scores — found that a small sample of secondary schools using TAP produced no higher levels of student achievement than schools that hadn't implemented the TAP program.
Based on Chetty and his colleagues» results for how 2nd and 3rd grade
test scores affect adult earnings, this
test score gain for males would be expected to increase average annual adult earnings
at ages 25 to 27 by a little over $ 900 or 5 %.
Students who
score at Level 1 or 2 are considered not to be on track to take college - level courses and would be required to take English or math placement
tests if they
gain admission to a CSU campus.
«Combining observation
scores, student feedback, and student achievement
gains was better than graduate degrees or years of teaching experience
at predicting a teacher's student achievement
gains with another group of students on the state
tests».
LOS ANGELES — Robin Wynne Davis was taken aback last year when the state
test score gains of her third - grade students
at Melrose Elementary School labeled her a less - than - stellar teacher.
For children whose family's income was too high to quality for lunch subsidies, the estimated
test score gain is lower but still sizable
at 15 percentiles.