Given enough time, school choice programs create small, positive
test score gains for participating students.
I used the appendix provided by Weiland to compute the percentile
test score gains for children eligible for a subsidized lunch, versus higher - income children who were ineligible for a subsidized lunch.
The Boston
test score gains for pre-K for middle - class sufficient are large enough to easily pass a benefit - cost test.
In a regression to predict student test score gains using out of sample
test score gains for the same teacher, student survey results, and classroom observations, there is virtually no relationship between test score gains and either classroom observations or student survey results.
The authors did find
that test score gains for lower - scoring students in lower - performing schools resulted in higher earnings for those students.
Based on Chetty and his colleagues» results for how 2nd and 3rd grade test scores affect adult earnings,
this test score gain for males would be expected to increase average annual adult earnings at ages 25 to 27 by a little over $ 900 or 5 %.
Not exact matches
Last week, Schools Chancellor Carmen Fariña released a statement celebrating citywide
gains in Advanced Placement
test scores for the second year in a row.
People who
scored high on standard
tests for creativity were also more likely to be willing to cheat
for personal
gain.
«In addition to
gains in achievement
test scores we also saw improvements in engagement with school, such as an increase in attendance of about 2.5 weeks per year» said Jonathan Guryan, Associate Professor of Human Development and Social Policy in the Institute
for Policy Research at Northwestern University and Co-director of the University of Chicago Urban Education Lab.
They scale the
gain in black students»
scores by the standard deviation of
test scores computed
for a select sample of students, and observe that the
gain in their
scores due to attending private school is «roughly one - third of the
test -
score gap between blacks and whites nationwide.»
The largest
gains for the
test — the Kentucky Instructional Results System, or KIRIS — came in reading and mathematics, with fewer students
scoring at the «novice,» or lowest, level and more students
scoring at the «proficient» and «distinguished» levels.
But ever since becoming a federally funded turnaround school in 2010, these meetings have become cherished time
for the teachers and, according to Nolan, one of the key reasons their elementary school — once one of the lowest achieving in Boston — has seen significant
gains on
test scores.
If the same approach is applied to the STAR sample to adjust
for the fact that some students did not enroll in the class they were assigned to - and a comparable sample of low - income black students is used - the
gains in
test scores after two years of attending a small class (average of 16 students) as opposed to a regular - size class (average of 23 students) is 9.1 national percentile ranks in reading and 9.8 ranks in math.
When comparable samples and measuring sticks are used, the improvement in
test scores for black students from attending a small class based on the Tennessee STAR experiment is about 50 percent larger than the
gain from switching to a private school based on the voucher experiments in New York City, Washington, D.C., and Dayton, Ohio.
Even if we ignore the fact that most portfolio managers, regulators, and other policy makers rely on the level of
test scores (rather than
gains) to gauge quality, math and reading achievement results are not particularly reliable indicators of whether teachers, schools, and programs are improving later - life outcomes
for students.
A less narrow concept of school quality (currently limited to short - term
gains in
test scores alone) is essential to refocus the movement on its ultimate object: setting children on a path
for lives of self - sufficiency, upward mobility, and engaged citizenship.
While these schools succeed in generating
test -
score gains for students of all cognitive abilities, it is still the case that students with strong fluid cognitive skills learn more.
In the school with more teachers, the diffusion of responsibility
for test -
score gains across many teachers may erode the incentive that any individual teacher has to increase effort in the classroom.
Another idea
for entrepreneurs: build a web site where students or their parents can enter their
test scores themselves, and provide a prediction
for the types of colleges where they are likely to
gain acceptance.
He is currently directing studies that will explore new methods
for evaluating
gains in
scores on high - stakes
tests and evaluate the use of value - added models in educational accountability systems.
But
gains in precision obtained by increasing the number of students observed will be offset by losses associated with failing to control
for baseline
test scores.
We measure FCAT performance using developmental - scale
scores, which allow us to compare the
test -
score gains of all the students in our study, even though they took
tests designed
for different grade levels.
For example, the effect of a one - hour later start time on math scores is roughly 14 percent of the black - white test - score gap, 40 percent of the gap between those eligible and those not eligible for free or reduced - price lunch, and 85 percent of the gain associated with an additional year of parents» educati
For example, the effect of a one - hour later start time on math
scores is roughly 14 percent of the black - white
test -
score gap, 40 percent of the gap between those eligible and those not eligible
for free or reduced - price lunch, and 85 percent of the gain associated with an additional year of parents» educati
for free or reduced - price lunch, and 85 percent of the
gain associated with an additional year of parents» education.
By creating this framework where we were using
test score gains to validate practice - based measures, we were at least creating a common base
for discussion.
Specifically, I separated out the effects on
test -
score gains of a student's race and ethnicity, as well as accounted
for the influence of a student's peers, by evaluating the influence of demographic characteristics of the student body, including average income level and percentage of minority students.
The NRC report suggests that demographic changes might account
for gains in DC
test score performance.
During this same period, high - performing urban charters grew rapidly and produced exceptional
gains in
test scores and college enrollment rates
for black and Latino students.
If we used
test scores as a proxy
for school or program quality, we would wrongly conclude that this program did not help, since the
test score gains faded even though the benefits endured.
The report by the NRC committee claims that
gains in
test scores on the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) between 2007 and 2009 were no better than in the ten other school districts
for which comparable data is available.
For example, the article notes the well - known problem of error in
test scores and its contribution to «noise» in
gain scores.
And then there are some
test -
score gains, which Rhee is counting on to build public support
for her plans and ease the doubts about her style.
This allows
for the use of statistical models to estimate the total contribution — that attributable to both observable and unobserved teacher attributes — of teachers toward student
test -
score gains (often referred to as «value added»).
In addition to dipping into his private fortune
for unlimited campaign ads touting his
test score gains, he has total control of a $ 15 billion education empire that doles out jobs and no - bid contracts to potential critics and spends millions on a well - oiled public relations machine, but spends nothing on independent research or evaluation of classroom programs.
Thirty - seven percent of the students
for whom we observe
test -
score gains at least once in both sectors attended a traditional public school after they were in a charter school, while the same is true of only 30 percent of all students in charter schools.
Second, exploiting a natural experiment, I show that a fail inspection rating leads to
test -
score gains for primary school students that remain evident even after the students move into secondary schools.
In the end, our analysis of charter school effectiveness is based on the experiences of only those students
for whom we observe annual
gains (whether positive or negative) in
test scores at least once in a charter school and at least once in a traditional public school.
But other states with large spending increments — New York, Wyoming, and West Virginia,
for example — had only marginal
test -
score gains to show
for all that additional expenditure.
A handful of school districts and states — including Dallas, Houston, Denver, New York, and Washington, D.C. — have begun using student achievement
gains as indicated by annual
test scores (adjusted
for prior achievement and other student characteristics) as a direct measure of individual teacher performance.
A study by researchers at the National Center on Performance Incentives at Vanderbilt finds that teachers who were offered rewards of up to $ 15,000 if their students met goals
for test -
score gains did not outperform teachers who were not offered the bonuses.
The reports show educators at all levels struggling to implement a dramatic and extremely complex change in federal education policy, which radically alters the role of federal and state governments while imposing unprecedented responsibilities and accountability
for test score gains.
They suggest that in a school with more teachers, «the diffusion of responsibility
for test -
score gains across many teachers may erode the incentive that any individual teacher has to increase effort in the classroom.»
Under the new rules, private schools with 30 or more FTC scholarship students must release to the public
gain scores on standardized
tests for those students.
Despite the vast majority of randomized control trials (RCTs) of private school choice showing significant, positive
test score effects
for at least some subgroups of students, some of those
gains have been modest and other effects have been null
for at least some subgroups.
It's true that students from those schools who did enroll in post-secondary schooling were more likely to go to a 4 than 2 year college, but it is unclear if this is a desirable outcome given that it may be a mismatch
for their needs and this more nuanced effect is not commensurate with the giant
test score gains.
For our purposes, what it shows is that short - term
test score gains don't lead to long - term
test score gains, but they do lead to long - term success.
The study found that
test scores for KIPP students have continued to increase, but that
gains have not been as rapid as they were in the period before the massive expansion.
Their entire database consists of
gains in average
scores in math and reading from three specific
tests - TAAS, the Texas NAEP, and the national NAEP -
for three racial groups.
Second, Rick thinks there is an inconsistency in my suspicion that
test - prep and manipulation are largely responsible
for test score improvements by Milwaukee choice schools after they were required to take high - stakes
tests, while I interpret research from Florida as showing schools made exceptional
test score gains when faced with the prospect of having vouchers offered to their students if
scores did not improve.
The NEA analysis of the proposed legislation claimed it favored «1) establishing a teacher evaluation system using
gains in student
test scores; 2) allowing «community stakeholders» to have a role in designing teacher evaluation systems; and 3) providing merit pay
for teachers based upon
gains in student
test scores.»
Provided the movement of teachers in and out of a grade has not changed the makeup of students enrolled in that grade, this finding supports the conclusion that measured value - added of teachers is an unbiased predictor of future
test -
score gains, as there appears to be no other explanation
for the resulting improvement in
test scores.