If we found the equivalent of halving the black - white
test score gap from RCTs from a new cancer drug, everyone would be jumping for joy — even if the benefits were found only for certain types of cancer.
Not exact matches
According to statistics
from the U.S. Department of Education, the
gap in eighth - grade reading and math
test scores between low - income students and their wealthier peers hasn't shrunk at all over the past 20 years.
But she admitted there is still a large
gap in the
test scores of children
from richer schools, where around two - thirds
scored highly on the
tests, and the results in poorer schools.
But she admits there's still a large
gap in the
tests scores of children
from richer schools, where around two thirds
scored highly on the
tests, and the results in poorer schools.
The estimated gain
from being offered a voucher is only half as large as the gain
from switching to private school (in response to being offered a voucher), so the estimated impact of offering vouchers is no more than one - eighth as large as the black - white
test score gap.
However, if raising overall
test -
score performance and addressing the achievement
gap are to be the main focus of federal policy, it is foolish to have a panoply of programs that direct state and local officials toward a host of other priorities, distracting them
from their core mission.
For example,
from 1990 to 2007, black students» scale
scores increased 34 points on the NAEP 4th - grade mathematics
tests (compared with a 28 - point increase for whites), and the black - white achievement
gap declined
from 32 to 26 points during this period.
In the other two election years, the
gap of a month or two between the release of
scores and election day may have allowed the issue of
test scores to fade
from voters» minds.
For the 20 schools with near - zero kindergarten readiness
gaps,
test score gaps in grades three and five range
from less than two - fifths of a standard deviation to more than a full standard deviation.
For the 11 schools with kindergarten readiness
gaps of around 30 percentage points,
test score gaps range
from less than third of a standard deviation to over 1.5 standard deviations.
But the slopes are still far
from the 45 - degree line, and at every level of the kindergarten readiness
gap there exists a very large variation in
test score gaps.
We caution, however, that our analysis is correlational rather than causal, so these patterns of findings are merely suggestive that socioeconomic
test score gaps persist relatively unabated regardless of the degree of socioeconomic integration at the school level, and are far
from definitive.
Test -
score gaps between high - and low - income students have been growing, as has the
gap between the college enrollment rates of children
from more - and less - advantaged families.
Having a teacher
from one program or another typically changed student
test scores by just.01 to.03 standard deviations, or 1 to 3 percent of the average
score gap between poor and non-poor children.
We found negligible differences in teacher quality between programs, amounting to no more than 3 percent of the average
test -
score gap between students
from low - income families and their more affluent peers.
African American students advanced
from the bottom quarter of Chicago's
test score distribution for white students to the 46th percentile in reading and math, essentially closing the racial achievement
gap.
The
gap was smaller on the reading
test: 95 percent of students
from high -
scoring schools finished, versus 73 percent
from schools where
scores were low.
Reardon and Portilla noted that other data —
from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP)-- show that the white - black and white - Hispanic
gaps in fourth - grade
test scores likewise narrowed between the same cohorts of children.
Global
Gaps by Dr John Jerrim of the UCL Institute of Education (IoE) and Education Datalab analyses the 2015
test scores from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) PISA
tests to assess how well the UK's schools are doing for the top 10 % of pupils.
«While England's brightest pupils
score around average in international
tests — and better in science — this analysis shows that there are some very big socio - economic
gaps in attainment between the brightest pupils
from poor and better - off homes.
Suppose that enlightened policymakers eventually fund the type of longitudinal study that would enable the tracking of changes in the black - white
test -
score gap from 1st grade to 12th grade for a single cohort of students — precisely the type of study Jacobsen and his colleagues call for.
In reading, the observed gain declined
from 3.1 to 1.6 percentile points, but it still represented 29 percent of the black - white
test -
score gap in reading (see Figure 2).
How well are schools — and other forces outside of school — doing at reducing the black - white
test -
score gap as young people move
from one grade to the next?
Using data
from a variety of sources, including the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, the High School and Beyond study, and the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972, Jacobsen and his colleagues at Mathematica essentially confirm Neal and Johnson's findings, providing additional evidence that most of the remaining wage
gap is due to differences in cognitive skills, as measured by
test scores.
But she admitted there is still a large
gap in the
test scores of children
from richer schools, where around two - thirds
scored highly on the
tests, and the results in poorer schools.
Many school systems have gotten the message that they need to be more data driven, and they are now awash in data - not just yearly student
test scores, but figures on how different groups of students are doing in particular subjects or grade levels, how successful a school is at attracting and retaining teachers or closing the achievement
gap among disadvantaged students, or how equitable funding is
from school to school.
«In some cases, these charter schools have quite large effects, such that attending one for three years produce
test -
score gains that are equivalent to the size of the U.S. black - white achievement
gap,» said Sarah Cohodes, an assistant professor of education and public policy at Columbia University in a publication
from Princeton University and the Brookings Institute.
The truth is that NCLB has failed to prevent millions
from falling behind, and has had very little impact on closing the achievement
gap; instead, its main effect has been to instigate ever - increasing emphasis on standardized
test scores and superficial, formulaic essay writing.
Based on a study of more than 40 states, «State
Test Score Trends through 2008 - 09, Part 2: Slow and Uneven Progress in Narrowing
Gaps» compares student performance on state
tests and state - level results
from the National Assessment of Education Progress.
A recent study of urban, suburban, and rural schools in four states found that smaller schools helped close the achievement
gap — as measured by
test scores — between students
from poor communities and students
from more affluent ones.
Among the facts
from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) Fourth Grade Reading report cited by FairTest: — There has been no gain in NAEP grade four reading performance nationally since 1992 despite a huge increase in state - mandated
testing; — NAEP
scores in southern states, which test the most and have the highest stakes attached to their state testing programs, have declined; — The NAEP score gap between white children and those from African American and Hispanic families has increased, even though schools serving low - income and minority - group children put the most emphasis on testing; and — Scores of children eligible for free lunch programs have dropped since
scores in southern states, which
test the most and have the highest stakes attached to their state
testing programs, have declined; — The NAEP
score gap between white children and those
from African American and Hispanic families has increased, even though schools serving low - income and minority - group children put the most emphasis on
testing; and —
Scores of children eligible for free lunch programs have dropped since
Scores of children eligible for free lunch programs have dropped since 1996.
They also, along with others troubled by New York's — particularly NYC's — notorious achievement
gaps, yearned to release school leaders
from the muzzle of LIFO, which requires that teachers be laid off by seniority, not effectiveness, and change old - school subjective teacher evaluations to reflect student academic growth, measured in part through standardized
test scores.
Attempting to show that even a well - managed school district can't close achievement
gaps in student learning, McRae showed Fraisse data
from the state Department of Education showing significant differences in
test scores between African - American and Latino students and white students in some of the administrator's former school districts.
sean reardon of Stanford University and Andrew Ho of Harvard University are the 2013 recipients of the Palmer O. Johnson Award for the article, Estimating Achievement
Gaps From Test Scores Reported in Ordinal «Proficiency» Categories, published in the Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics in August 2012.
The
test results also indicate what clearly represents a persistent achievement
gap that exists with some subgroups, whose
scores also increased
from last year, but at a lower percentage.
«The magnitude of the
test -
score gains
from one year are equivalent to 10 percent to 20 percent of the achievement
gap between minority and white students,» reads the report.
In the case of PARRC, testers now acknowledge the vast
gap in
scores between schools often depended whether students took the
test with pencil and paper or
from an online computer screen.
But since 1988, when education policy shifted away
from desegregation efforts, the reading
test score gap has grown — to 26 points in 2012 — with segregated schooling increasing in every region of the country.
If we mark the NLCB era
from the 2002
test administration, then we have to conclude that, in the 8th grade reading NAEP, the
gap in
scores between white and black students has closed a grand total of one point.
2) Decades of research into the causes of the
gap in
test scores between low - income and high - income students in the United States has consistently found a limited contribution
from school - based factors.
Researcher Sean Reardon studied the multiple factors that contribute to the
gap, using more than 200 million
test scores from schools and districts across the country.