(Connecticut also has one of the widest
test score gaps in the nation between low - income students and their more affluent peers.)
As can be seen in Figure 2, the schools that have larger kindergarten readiness gaps also have larger
test score gaps in third and fifth grades: as the kindergarten readiness gap increases by 10 percentage points, the test score gaps increase by around 0.06 of a standard deviation.
For the 20 schools with near - zero kindergarten readiness gaps,
test score gaps in grades three and five range from less than two - fifths of a standard deviation to more than a full standard deviation.
We observe that there is virtually no relationship between the relative affluence of the overall student body of the school and the SES
test score gap in that school: schools serving primarily high - SES students and those serving primarily low - SES students have the same average SES test score gaps (around 0.8 standard deviations) in both third and fifth grades.
In Figure 3, we relate the average SES level of the school to
the test score gap in third or fifth grade between students in the top and bottom SES quartile.
Not exact matches
In your article around Baltimore's technology
gap («Computer - based
tests a challenge for low - income students, some Baltimore teachers say,» April 22), we read that students who took the PARCC
scored lower when they took the
test on a computer than when they used paper and pencil.
In fact, the researchers report that «if similar success could be achieved for all minority students nationwide, it could close the
gap between white and minority
test scores by at least a third, possibly by more than half.»
According to statistics from the U.S. Department of Education, the
gap in eighth - grade reading and math
test scores between low - income students and their wealthier peers hasn't shrunk at all over the past 20 years.
The «No Child Left Behind» act, signed by President Bush
in January, greatly expands federal oversight of public education, mandating annual
testing of children
in grades 3 through 8 and one grade - level
in high school, insisting every classroom teacher be fully certified and setting a 12 - year timetable for closing racial and economic achievement
gaps in test scores.
But she admitted there is still a large
gap in the
test scores of children from richer schools, where around two - thirds
scored highly on the
tests, and the results
in poorer schools.
De Blasio said Wednesday that the city's
test scores beat out increases seen
in the state's other «Big 5» urban school districts and stressed that the city is closing its performance
gap with schools across the state
in general.
But she admits there's still a large
gap in the
tests scores of children from richer schools, where around two thirds
scored highly on the
tests, and the results
in poorer schools.
T. J. Kane,
in C. Jencks and M. Phillips, Eds., The Black - White
Test Score Gap (Brookings Institution, Washington, DC, 1998).
Is 25 years a realistic goal for closing the racial
gap in test scores?
«The growing income
gap and increased economic segregation may lead to inequalities
in children's
test scores, educational attainment, and well - being,» Owens said.
They scale the gain
in black students»
scores by the standard deviation of
test scores computed for a select sample of students, and observe that the gain
in their
scores due to attending private school is «roughly one - third of the
test -
score gap between blacks and whites nationwide.»
The failure was exemplified by high drop - out rates, dismal national
test scores in math, reading, and other subjects, as well as widening achievement
gaps.
For instance,
in an April 28, 2004, column, Winerip described a school
in Florida as unfairly penalized by NCLB, but he failed to mention that the school reported low overall
test scores and had significant achievement
gaps between white and minority students.
Over the past few years, the districts profiled
in the report — the Houston Independent School District, the Sacramento City Unified School District, the Charlotte - Mecklenburg school system
in North Carolina, and the Chancellor's District
in New York City, a special 25,000 - student district of low - performing schools — have improved
test scores and narrowed achievement
gaps between minority and white students.
The estimated gain from being offered a voucher is only half as large as the gain from switching to private school (
in response to being offered a voucher), so the estimated impact of offering vouchers is no more than one - eighth as large as the black - white
test score gap.
This is nearly half the size of the black - white
test -
score gap in reading.
However, how boys and girls view academic subjects varies across subjects
in ways that parallel the gender
gaps in subject
test scores.
As we've seen
in New York, which is a few years ahead of the curve when it comes to making its
tests much harder, a higher cut
score will make achievement
gaps look much bigger, and the achievement of most high - poverty schools look much worse.
We have known for decades that teachers were being pushed into using bad
test prep, that states and districts were complicit
in this, that
scores were often badly inflated, and even that
score inflation was creating an illusion of narrowing achievement
gaps.
The effect is largest for students with below - average
test scores, suggesting that later start times would narrow
gaps in student achievement.
The most recent decade has been one of «stalled progress»
in narrowing the black - white
test score gap (Neal 2005, Magnuson and Waldfogel, 2008).
In The Education Gap: Vouchers and Urban Schools (Brookings, 2002), we and our colleagues reported that attending a private school had no discernible impact, positive or negative, on the test scores of non-African-American students participating in school voucher programs in Washington, D.C., New York City, and Dayton, Ohi
In The Education
Gap: Vouchers and Urban Schools (Brookings, 2002), we and our colleagues reported that attending a private school had no discernible impact, positive or negative, on the
test scores of non-African-American students participating
in school voucher programs in Washington, D.C., New York City, and Dayton, Ohi
in school voucher programs
in Washington, D.C., New York City, and Dayton, Ohi
in Washington, D.C., New York City, and Dayton, Ohio.
On the 2017 National Assessment of Educational Progress, Chicago was the sole district to narrow its
test -
score gap between white students and black students
in 4th - grade math compared to 2015.
Moreover, if an income
gap made America unique, you would expect the percentage of American students performing well below proficiency
in math to be much higher than the percentage of low performers
in countries with average
test scores similar to the United States.
Test scores have largely stalled
in recent years and
gaps have widened slightly, according to the National Assessment of Educational Progress.
Contributors to the Magnuson and Waldfogel collection are interested only
in the third of those questions, with specific reference to the
test -
score gap between African American and white children.
The patient responded with strong vital signs for a time, as
test scores climbed
in the 1990s and achievement
gaps narrowed.
This comports with the interpretation that average peer achievement influences everyone's
test scores, since Asians
score higher than whites
in math overall (the Asian - white
score gap is positive and relatively large
in math, 0.62 of a standard deviation
in the 4th, 5th, and 6th grades).
Although the
gap has closed
in recent years, those receiving special accommodations still
score, on average, about 60 points below the level reached by those
tested under regular conditions.
Just occasionally are they less equivocal, as when they observe that aggressive integration policies helped black children during the 1970s, that mounting socioeconomic inequality after the late 1980s contributed to the subsequent widening
in the
test -
score gap, and that inequality
in the preschool environment plays an important role
in determining later educational outcomes.
Eliminating the
test score gap would also reduce racial disparities
in men's earnings and would probably eliminate the racial disparities
in women's earnings.
Closing the black - white
test score gap would probably do more to promote racial equality
in the United States than any other strategy now under serious discussion.
An analysis of
test score gains made by students
in 49 countries which was published
in Ed Next last year found that students
in the U.S. were not on track to close the global achievement
gap.
One highlight that had nothing to do with teachers was that a lot of the
gap we see
in end of 8th - grade
test scores and high school course taking between advantaged and disadvantaged students can be explained by a student's 3rd - grade
test.
Up to eight states would be authorized to conduct demonstration programs
testing whether state control of Head Start actually leads to better coordination of preschool programs, greater emphasis on school readiness, improvement
in poor children's preschool
test scores, and progress
in closing the achievement
gap between poor and advantaged students.
Finally,
in Kenya, where the raw
test scores showed students
in private and public schools performing at similar levels, the fact that private schools served a far more disadvantaged population resulted
in a
gap of 0.1 standard deviations
in English and 0.2 standard deviations
in math (after accounting for differences
in student characteristics).
In my reading, I see this phrase «achievement
gap» as referring solely to results on
test scores.
In both math and reading, the national test - score gap in 1965 was 1.1 standard deviations, implying that the average black 12th grader placed at the 13th percentile of the score distribution for white student
In both math and reading, the national
test -
score gap in 1965 was 1.1 standard deviations, implying that the average black 12th grader placed at the 13th percentile of the score distribution for white student
in 1965 was 1.1 standard deviations, implying that the average black 12th grader placed at the 13th percentile of the
score distribution for white students.
Her litany of complaints about the academic results of Klein's «radical restructuring» is somewhat familiar — «inflating»
test results and «taking shortcuts» to boost graduation — except for the charge that «the recalibration of the state
scores revealed that the achievement
gap among children of different races
in New York City was virtually unchanged between 2002 and 2010, and the proportion of city students meeting state standards dropped dramatically, almost to the same point as
in 2002.»
Teachers discuss and analyze student data such as
test scores and achievement
gaps, identifying areas
in which students» needs aren't being adequately met and redesigning the curricula to meet those needs.
No wonder urban schools have done so little to close the black - white
test -
score gap, a topic that Jens Ludwig deconstructs
in this issue's check the facts.
In the other two election years, the
gap of a month or two between the release of
scores and election day may have allowed the issue of
test scores to fade from voters» minds.
Variation
in SES
gaps in test scores and
test score growth
in the ten largest Florida school districts
This indicates that while there are many reasons why school districts and states might want to seek to integrate relatively advantaged and relatively disadvantaged students within the same school, it appears unlikely that a policy goal of reducing the
test score gap between students
in these groups will be realized through further socioeconomic integration (at least once there gets to be the degree of socioeconomic integration necessary to be part of this study to begin with).
It is true that the
test -
score gap between black and white students narrowed during the 1980s, only to stagnate
in the»90s.