"Testamentary capacity" refers to a person's mental ability or soundness of mind to make a valid will. It means having the necessary understanding and awareness to make decisions about who will receive their property and assets after their death.
Full definition
Wills that are challenged on the basis that they are the result of undue influence (or on other grounds such as lack
of testamentary capacity on the part of the will maker) must go through a court process called «proof in solemn form».
The claimant sought revocation of the grant of probate on the basis that Mrs Wootton, the mother of the claimant and defendants,
lacked testamentary capacity when she made the will.
She says of Ritchie, Ritchie and Others v National Osteoporosis Society and Others [2009] EWHC 709 (Ch) that «challenges based
on testamentary capacity are becoming ever more common, and this increase is likely to continue as the population ages».
The last six months have seen some interesting substantive law developments in the disputed wills field, most notably the clarification of the appropriate test
for testamentary capacity in Re Walker (Deceased)[2015] WTLR 493, and more recently, the reining in of the expanded doctrine of Donatio Mortis Causa by the Court of Appeal in King v Chiltern Dog Rescue [2015] EWCA Civ 581, [2015] All ER (D) 105 (Jun).
The court concluded that Mr. Banton did not have
testamentary capacity when he signed his wills in this woman's favour, and that it was her undue influence which procured the wills.
It proposed extending courts» powers to dispense with the formalities of a will where it is clear what the deceased wanted, replacing the current definition of
testamentary capacity with that used by the Mental Capacity Act 2005, making new rules to enhance protection from undue influence, and lowering the age for making a will from 18 to 16 years.
Ordinarily where the propounder of a will shows that it was duly executed with the requisite formalities and after having been read over to a testator who appeared to understand it, it is presumed that the testator knew and approved of the contents and had the
necessary testamentary capacity or disposing mind and memory.
Thus, one way of overturning the Will is to show the deceased lacked
testamentary capacity at the time the Will was made.
The Proposed Act must also include safeguards aimed at confirming that testators possess
sufficient testamentary capacity at the time of executing an electronic will.
The burden of
proving testamentary capacity is on the party trying to support the Will, but there is a presumption of capacity where the Will has been duly executed, with the requisite formalities, after having been read by or to a testator who appeared to understand it.
A number of recent cases
involving testamentary capacity have raised questions on the golden rule... In Sharp v Adam [2006] EWCA Civ 449 the rule was observed, but the trial judge held, largely on the basis of the evidence of experts who had not seen the deceased, that the will was invalid, and the Court of Appeal upheld his decision.
[38] The existence of
testamentary capacity does not depend on scientific or medical definitions and medical opinions are not necessarily determinative: Field v James, 2001 BCCA 267 at para 77; Baker Estate v Myhre (1995), 168 AR 248 at para 39.
I honestly believe that if I were to set out the threshold of understanding for
testamentary capacity under the MCA it would pretty much mirror that, as currently set out in the ruling of Banks v Goodfellow.
To my mind there exists a dichotomy between assessing
testamentary capacity using Banks v Goodfellow and then, having to present evidence to the Court of Protection for a Statutory Will in terms of the Mental Capacity Act.
when an elderly client wants to make major changes to his / her will, not taking steps to
ensure testamentary capacity and that the client is not under undue influence;
In recent years it has become popular to challenge the validity of wills based on lack of knowledge and approval and / or on the basis of lack of
testamentary capacity as opposed to suggesting undue influence.
This process requires the person propounding the validity of a will to prove on a balance of probabilities that the will was completed in compliance with the necessary legal formalities, the will maker knew and approved of the contents of the will and the will maker had the necessary mental capacity to make a will (
called testamentary capacity).
Whether a lack of understanding in relation to matters of this kind robs a testator of capacity is controversial and may depend on whether the common law
on testamentary capacity has been replaced by the provision of the Mental Capacity Act 2005.
Upon proof that the will was duly executed with the requisite formalities, after having been read over to or by a testator who appeared to understand it, it will generally be presumed that the testator knew and approved of the contents and had the
necessary testamentary capacity.
Frequently in
testamentary capacity cases one side's retrospective expert will conclude that there was capacity, yet the other's expert will not.
Proving that Mom did not have
testamentary capacity when she wrote her will is particularly difficult because she is no longer around to examine.
That presumption may be rebutted by evidence of suspicious circumstances, in which case the burden reverts to the party supporting the Will to
prove testamentary capacity on the balance of probabilities (Vout v. Hay, SCC 1995).
Because of the evidence of suspicious circumstances, the plaintiff has the burden of establishing on the evidence that Mr. De Araujo knew and approved of the contents and had
testamentary capacity with respect to both of the 1995 and 1996 wills.
District Judge Murray found that it was up to Mr Jordan to decide what he wanted to do, it did not go to the issue
of testamentary capacity and was therefore not an issue with which Mr Mumford could have materially assisted.
This is called having
testamentary capacity.
, «Enduring Powers of Attorney - Financial Abuse» and «Disputes About Burial and
Testamentary Capacity.»
Andrew is regularly asked to advise on issues regarding the validity of Wills including issues relating to
testamentary capacity, lack of knowledge and approval, undue influence, fraud as well as lack of due execution and revocation.
«On this evidence, there can be no sustainable suggestion that the deceased's
testamentary capacity was free from doubt at the time of the execution of the 2012 will,» states the OCA's judgment, which also awarded Wilcox $ 100,000 in costs.
In the trust and estate litigation arena, he represents corporate trustees, individual trustees, personal representatives, and beneficiaries in disputes involving breaches of fiduciary duty, dissipation of trust or estate assets, and claims of lack of
testamentary capacity, undue influence and fraud.
The suit was brought by the decedent's nephew, her only living heir at law, who alleged that the decedent lacked
testamentary capacity and was subject to undue influence.
His trust and estate litigation practice includes representing corporate trustees, individual trustees, personal representatives and beneficiaries in disputes involving breaches of fiduciary duty, dissipation of trust or estate assets, and claims of lack of
testamentary capacity, undue influence and fraud.
November 2011 (Orange County Superior Court, Honorable Francisco Firmat) Case: consolidated will and trust contest,
testamentary capacity, undue influence, care custodian Role: Second Chair Verdict: Defense Verdict
In order to obtain disclosure and procedural rights in such cases, Justice Myers indicated that bald allegations of lack of
testamentary capacity and undue influence are insufficient.
We also find ourselves in the middle of a Law Commission review of Wills and within that, whether Banks v Goodfellow remains the best test for
testamentary capacity.