You know that «silly stuff like
testing hypotheses against observational data»?
In technical terms this process is known as falsification:
testing a hypothesis against empirical data and then dismissing it if it fails to match up with reality.
Presumably you could
test your hypothesis against the snow records for that period.
Denying climate change isn't scepticism — it's «motivated reasoning» True sceptics
test a hypothesis against the evidence, but climate sceptics refuse to accept anything that contradicts their beliefs
Perhaps even more interesting would be to
test that hypothesis against individual months or more practically seasons.
In the sciences one
tests a hypothesis against the data.
I also wonder how 100 of the top people in the world that
test hypotheses against observational data would think about using a poll to determine the correctness of a hypotheses?
Just as Newton's law of universal gravitation is most easily tested against astronomical observations, which we are in no position to vary ourselves, so does my poster
test its hypothesis against modern climate observations, which likewise we are in no position to change.
So instead we estimate G and
test the hypothesis against astronomical data.
Test the hypothesis against the observations.
Especially for those who lack any sort of scientific training and who regard the injunction of «
test your hypothesis against observations» as a devious stratagem to overthrow the Truth.
Real science conscientiously
tests hypothesis against observations.
Not exact matches
Thus in this essay I wish merely to propose a provisional outline of the stages in the composition of Process and Reality in the hopes that it might elicit alternate
hypotheses, all of which need to be
tested against each other.
I have been struggling with this question for several years now, and while I am not ready to claim I have a «solution» (nothing but pride would make such a claim), I do have a theological
hypothesis which will be
tested against Scripture.
We have to take our interpretations of human behavior as
hypotheses and
test them
against an ever wider range of experience.
He has directly entered scientific fields with
hypotheses suggested by his metaphysics, proposed testable
hypotheses, and himself
tested them
against the empirical evidence.
Political philosophy is not a science; it does not offer testable
hypotheses and it can not be
tested against the world.
Those are choices that males make, and you can't just exclude one half of the population from the data
against which you're going to
test your
hypothesis.
He
tested his
hypothesis by cross-checking carbon - 14 ages for the lava flows
against dates included in royal Hawaiian genealogies.
It is a fundamental requirement of scientific method that all
hypotheses and theories must be
tested against observations of the natural world, rather than resting solely on a priori reasoning, intuition, or revelation.
However, Sandel et al. focus on results that support their
hypothesis, rather than
testing it
against its most obvious competitor: that endemic species occur in places where contemporary patches of climatically appropriate habitat are small.
But we must always build our
hypotheses on, and
test them
against, the hard evidence: the fossils, comparative anatomy and physiology, and genetics.
He sensibly concluded his paper saying that this was all only speculation — a «
hypothesis to be discussed and
tested against further lines of evidence».
And while numerous previous studies of the phenomenon focused on a single
hypothesis, the Larison - led study was the first to fully
test a large set of
hypotheses against one another.
When it comes to statistical significance and hypothis
testing, I do not recall whether the trends have been
tested against a null
hypothesis, but the short - term variability is quite high compared to the trend in the WM2003 case and the series is short, so I doubt the «trend» is significant (just by eyeballing).
«The
hypothesis to be
tested experimentally in ADAPT was whether longer - lasting selective pressure by UV radiation results in a higher UV resistance, as well as in a higher resistance
against further «extreme» environmental factors that exist in space,» Wassmann said.
In a random effects analysis, ALE scores were
tested against a null
hypothesis of random distribution across the brain, thereby identifying those regions where empirical ALE values were higher than could be expected by chance.
To be a legitimate scientific «
hypothesis,» an explanatory principle must be consistent with prior and present observations and must remain subject to continued
testing against future observations.
Campbell writes on page 51 of The China Study that he first investigated the effect of dietary casein on drug - metabolizing enzymes in order to
test the
hypothesis that low - protein diets might protect
against cancer:
Potential Mechanisms Many
hypotheses have been proposed as to how fiber might protect
against colon cancer development; these
hypotheses have been
tested primarily in animal models.
Surely Rothstein can make better arguments
against testing than the shaky
hypothesis that it leads to obesity.
On isolating teacher effects: «Inferring teacher competence from
test scores requires the isolation of teaching effects from other major influences on student
test performance,» while «the task is to support an interpretation of student
test performance as reflecting teacher competence by providing evidence
against plausible rival
hypotheses or interpretation.»
It demonstrates that variance ratios are among the most powerful
tests for detecting mean reversion in stock prices, but that they have little power
against the principal interesting alternatives to the random walk
hypothesis.
I think they have demonstrated a mechanism, which supports a plausible
hypothesis that there should be such a correlation — to be
tested against solar and atmospheric data.
If the predicted cooling by la Nina had not occurred then 2008 would probably have been the same temperature (given the uncertainties) as every year since 2001 and that in itself would require explanation.I am broadly in favour of the global warmingCO2
hypothesis but I know it is just that, a
hypothesis — and that needs
testing against real observations in the physical world.
Please, let's show at least this much respect for the «scientific method», as practiced in the physical sciences since the time of Sir Isaac Newton and Rene Descartes — in which a falsifiable
hypothesis is
tested against measurements of physical data!
Success at prediction is enhanced by maximizing the number of different
hypotheses (models) you can generate and
test against numerical data and other available information.
Testing the Null
Hypothesis of Stationary
against the Alternative of Unit Root.
I was not arguing
against testing, I was arguing for correct
testing, for
testing that looks what is the real scientific content of the theories and
hypotheses, and that is then
testing those features using scientifically justified
tests.
One of the primary complaints I see from skeptics better versed in the science than I am, is that there has never been a null
hypothesis against which CAGW could be
tested.
So, if you have a
hypothesis, it has to be
tested against observed data.
Independent researchers have
tested the Charney Report's
hypothesis against atmospheric temperature data, which now extends over 37 years, and found the
hypothesis wanting.
Finally, making another key technical point, the Research Report argues
against the use of reanalysis data in structural analysis since its use makes mathematically rigorous
hypothesis testing virtually impossible.
They would instead say that recording observations, experiments, and the
testing of
hypotheses against data are futile.
Under the scientific method,
hypotheses are only as strong as the degree to which they are
tested against the data and external critiques by which they are examined.
In particular, What if macroscopic evolution is not just another «a cultural consensus» imposed by like minded atheists / materialists who by definition preclude open science of
testing it
against the null
hypothesis of known stochastic and chemical processes (as distinct from mutations causing microevolution)?
David L Hagan: What if macroscopic evolution is not just another «a cultural consensus» imposed by like minded atheists / materialists who by definition preclude open science of
testing it
against the null
hypothesis of known stochastic and chemical processes (as distinct from mutations causing microevolution)?
From these numbers, you can then derive a confidence that your
hypothesis (namely, the drug you are
testing is effective
against the disease) is correct.
Science lives for the «falsifiable
hypothesis» — a claim that can be
tested against the evidence — and that is what the paper by Hansen and his colleagues offered up.
There is a
hypothesis, a model, but the «
testing» of that model
against experiment never happens.