Inclusion of short - term forcing agents within a rate - of - change target is a natural extension of this approach, and could provide a framework for including both emissions rates, or «flows», as well as cumulative emissions, or «stocks», into a set of climate targets that are better informed by current climate science
than emissions rates in a given year or long - term concentrations.
My point was that Buffett's statement is broadly OK if one takes «we belch» as a reference to the total emitted rather
than emission rates.
Not exact matches
The latest report from the International Panel on Climate Change, an intergovernmental group charged with researching the effects of carbon
emissions, said at the end of September that climate change is unequivocal and that going forward, sea levels will rise at a faster
rate than they have over the past 40 years.
Comparing the capital and operating costs of various forms of energy — even factoring in US$ 50 a tonne for carbon
emissions (a higher
rate than is currently levied by any North American state or province)-- natural gas comes out as a clear winner.
PCE's default option, ECOplus, is 50 % renewable and 75 % greenhouse gas
emissions free, at a generation
rate that is priced 5 % less
than PG&E.
In fact, the
rate of greenhouse gas
emissions have increased globally more in the past 20 years
than it has in the previous 100 years.
The Fuel Quality Directive has attracted a great deal of attention here in Canada because it would assign a higher
emissions rating to Alberta oilsands
than to other sources of crude oil, and I have -LSB-...]
Next week, the EU is expected to vote on the Fuel Quality Directive which would assign a higher
emissions rating to Alberta oilsands
than to other sources of crude oil, including some which may or may not actually have higher
emissions than oilsands oil.
If China's use of renewable and nuclear energy grows at a plausible
rate, and the country captures some of its
emissions from coal - burning power stations and keeps making improvements in energy efficiency, by 2050 its total
emissions could end up 4 per cent lower
than today, says Zhou.
The simulations suggest that, for greenhouse gas
emissions at or above current
rates, changes in climate will very likely be larger
than the changes already observed during the 20th century.
The researchers measured
emissions rates of 34 grams of methane per second — 100 to 1,000 times greater
than those estimates.
If these
rates continue,
emissions of methane, a greenhouse gas 25 times more powerful
than carbon dioxide on 100 - year time scales, will increase 4 percent over the next decade.
The
rate at which carbon
emissions warmed Earth's climate almost 56 million years ago resembles modern, human - caused global warming much more
than previously believed, but involved two pulses of carbon to the atmosphere, University of Utah researchers and their colleagues found.
Plantation forestry is the key rather
than the usual approach of cutting
emissions by reducing the
rate of using carbon fuels like coal, oil and gas.
One of the big takeaway from the big UT Austin / Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) methane leakage study released today is
emissions rates are actually lower in some parts of the production process
than initially thought.
The new galaxy's Lyman alpha
emission, a sign of star formation, suggests it has a star formation
rate two to three times greater
than the Milky Way's present one.
The
emission rate increases proportionally to the number of atoms squared, making the laser much brighter
than is possible without synchronization.
«As time goes on, the
rate of burning in the power plant stays the same, but the carbon accumulates, so by the end of the year, the greenhouse gases will be heating the earth much more
than the direct
emissions of the power plant.»
The assessments shall reflect the relative carbon dioxide
emission rates of different fossil fuel - based electricity, and initially shall be not less
than the following amounts for coal, natural gas, and oil:
On the long term (longer
than a few decades) the transient methane concentration is determined by the chronic
rate of methane
emission to the atmosphere.
In other words, if greenhouse gas
emissions continue at current
rates, the world would see an extreme La Niña event every 13 years, rather
than every 23 years.
We speculate that this truncation of the outer disk may be the signpost of a developing gap due to the effects of a growing protoplanet; the gap is still presumably evolving because material still resides in it, as indicated by the silicate
emission, the molecular hydrogen
emission, and by the continued accretion onto the central star (albeit at a much lower
rate than typical of younger T Tauri stars).
Poultry deep litter systems [57] have higher NH3
emission rates than battery systems [55], which is explained by the presence of substrate.
Brain research raises the possibility of a very exotic future (this article assumes that such animals wouldn't be vicious or use their new - found smarts to drive other species to extinction) «Liberated» mice from Italian lab now housed in poor conditions Methane leaks of shale gas may undermine its climate benefits: If methane leak
rates are more
than 3 percent of output, fracking of shale gas formations may be boosting greenhouse gas
emissions rather
than lowering them.
Its CO2
emissions are
rated at 49g / km thanks to its plug - in hybrid drivetrain, less
than half that of the tiny Renault Twingo GT at 115g / km.
Increased high - voltage battery capacity (+7.34 kWh more
than Niro hybrid) and output / power have helped make the Niro Plug - in Hybrid an efficient, low
emissions crossover with a 105 MPGe
rating.
On the plus side, the Fiesta is cheaper
than many rivals to run as a company car thanks to its low CO2
emissions, while monthly leasing
rates are also temptingly low.
The engine was developed as part of the «Limo - Green» project funded by the U.K.'s Technology Strategy Board to produce a large sedan with an
emissions rating of less
than 120 g / km of carbon dioxide.
The Kia Niro will combine a stylish SUV design with greater fuel economy
than its rivals, with a target CO2
emissions rating of under 90 g / km (combined, based on the New European Driving Cycle).
The LS 600h L will also carry a Super Ultra Low Emission Vehicle (SULEV)
rating, emitting nearly 70 percent fewer
emissions than the «cleanest» of its competitors.
Rated as a Super Ultra Low Emission Vehicle (SULEV), 3 Prius c produces fewer smog - forming
emissions than an average gasoline - powered new vehicle.
Despite its turbocharged pedigree the new model earns a 3 - star
rating for
emissions that are 50 % lower
than the requirements of the Japanese 2005 standards.
The focal point of the Cayenne Diesel is its
emissions and fuel consumption
rates which are significantly lower
than the regular Cayenne.
The premium manufacturer boasts not only great driving pleasure in this segment but great efficiency as well seeing how five of the engines come with an
emissions rating of less
than 120 grams of CO2 per kilometer.
Touting more power and better acceleration
than the conventional non-hybrid model, fuel economy
ratings have not yet been announced but will be favourable to those looking to reduce
emissions and save at the fuel pump.
But with combined city / highway fuel economy of more
than 63 mpg (U.S.) and a CO2
emission rating of just 159 grams per mile, it will be among the company's most frugal production cars.
The new - for - 2013 Lexus ES Hybrid features better fuel economy
than most subcompacts * with an EPA - estimated combined
rating of 40 mpg *, as well as SULEV
emission status.
With yearly
emissions at around 40 gigatons of CO2, this leaves no more
than five years at current
rates of
emissions.
# 11 Thomas said EIA's International Energy Outlook 2017 (IEO2017) Reference case projects that energy - related CO2
emissions will grow 0.6 % per year from 2015 to 2040, a slower
rate of growth
than the 1.8 % per year experienced from 1990 to 2015.
And nearly all of the projected growth
rates in
emissions of carbon dioxide (and five other kinds of heat - trapping gases included in the determination) in the next few decades are expected to occur in fast - growing developing countries, led by China and India (which by midcentury is expected to be have more people
than China and even today has the population density of Japan).
Human activities are releasing greenhouse gases more
than 30 times faster
than the
rate of
emissions that triggered a period of extreme global warming in the Earth's past, according to an expert on ancient climates.
On the long term (longer
than a few decades) the transient methane concentration is determined by the chronic
rate of methane
emission to the atmosphere.
There are some painful, and even dire, concerns expressed about the potential that Greenland ice sheets could be «entirely lost» if
emissions continue at a business - as - usual pace; about the
rate of sea - level rise increasing «faster and faster with time»; and about the planet's ice sheets likely becoming «more active» over coming decades
than they have been over recent decades.
They spent the holidays figuring that, if the new CAFÉ standards are adopted at a steady
rate, the
emissions produced every year from 2011 to 2016 under the federal law would be higher
than those allowed by the California law.
Seeing this as a baseline, positive CO2 feedback from temperature changes, or a running out of capacity for greater uptake from CO2 accumulation, would be seen as adding more CO2 to the air in addition to anthropogenic releases, but it would have to surpass some level before it would result in a total atmospheric accumulation of CO2 greater
than anthropogenic
emissions (first, as a
rate, and later, cummulative change).
Scenario A, since it is exponential, must eventually be on the high side of reality in view of finite resource constraints and environmental concerns, even though the growth of
emissions in scenario A (~ 1.5 % / yr) is less
than the
rate typical of the past century (~ 4 % / yr).
Consider the Prairie State Energy Campus, with more
than $ 1 billion in clean coal technologies and criteria
emissions some 80 % below the existing coal fleet... along with a carbon dioxide
emission rate some 40 % below existing plants.
The paper appears to conclude that if we wait 20 years to begin reducing GHG
emissions, assuming a modest amount of mitigation in the short term, we will have to reduce
emissions at a 3 to 7 times greater
rate than if we start now in order to keep warming to a 3 degree C increase around 2100.
Re 27 Chip, During the last few years CO2
emissions have increased at a
rate or even faster
than the worst SRES scenarios (e.g. A1FI).
Rate of percentage annual growth for carbon dioxide has certainly increased since the beginning of the 21st century, but this should result in a significant change in the rate of warming any more quickly than the differences between emission scenarios would, and there (according to the models) the differences aren't significant for the first thirty - some years but progressively become more pronounced from then on — given the cummulative effects of accumulated carbon diox
Rate of percentage annual growth for carbon dioxide has certainly increased since the beginning of the 21st century, but this should result in a significant change in the
rate of warming any more quickly than the differences between emission scenarios would, and there (according to the models) the differences aren't significant for the first thirty - some years but progressively become more pronounced from then on — given the cummulative effects of accumulated carbon diox
rate of warming any more quickly
than the differences between
emission scenarios would, and there (according to the models) the differences aren't significant for the first thirty - some years but progressively become more pronounced from then on — given the cummulative effects of accumulated carbon dioxide.