The current warming trend can not be due to «natural variability» because at present both ocean temperatures and land temperatures are warming which requires an external forcing and land temperatures are warming faster
than ocean temperatures which can not occur with internal variability of the ocean - atmospheric system.
The resulting picture shows that ice volume has changed much more dramatically
than ocean temperatures in response to changes in orbital geometry.
Glacial periods during the 100,000 - year cycles have been characterised by a very slow build - up of ice which took thousands of years, the result of ice volume responding to orbital change far more slowly
than the ocean temperatures reacted.
Verify using data collected only over the 1/3 of the planet that is covered with land strikes me as odd, particularly because we expect the land temperatures to rise faster
than ocean temperatures.
Overall, we expect land temperatures to rise substantially faster
than ocean temperatures because of the lower heat capacity on land.
The former is likely to overestimate the true global surface air temperature trend (since the oceans do not warm as fast as the land), while the latter may underestimate the true trend, since the air temperature over the ocean is predicted to rise at a slightly higher rate
than the ocean temperature.
The former is likely to overestimate the true global surface air temperature trend (since the oceans do not warm as fast as the land), while the latter may underestimate the true trend, since the air temperature over the ocean is predicted to rise at a slightly higher rate
than the ocean temperature.
Since the year 2000, land temperature changes are 50 percent greater in the United States
than ocean temperature changes; two to three times greater in Eurasia; and three to four times greater in the Arctic and the Antarctic Peninsula.
But, they say, their work does imply that factors other
than ocean temperature, at least for thousands of years, appear to have played a pivotal role in shaping storminess in the region.
Forced changes mediate greater land
than ocean temperature fluctuations due to the thermal inertia of the oceans, the moderating effect of evaporation, and probably other factors.
Re: Anne T Cyclone (# 19), the graph indicates that land temperature measurements have increased more
than ocean temperature measurements, not from below to above.
We saw that the land temperature anomalies are both higher and have been increasing faster
than ocean temperature anomalies.
Dallas — do you know * why * absolute land temperature is ~ 5C cooler
than ocean temperature?
Not exact matches
It comes down to what every scientist knows too well — analyzing data collected by different methods, and at different times, is a tricky business because some methods of collecting
ocean surface
temperatures are more accurate
than others.
While FourKites has grown its customer base and network exponentially, it has also expanded tracking coverage to Europe and South America, and to include shipments moving by
ocean, rail and parcel, in addition to truckload and less -
than - truckload (LTL), as well as real - time trailer
temperature and condition monitoring.
This year, the Atlantic was warmer
than average — Klotzbach says August through October will likely rank third or fourth in terms of highest tropical Atlantic
Ocean temperatures.
He added that scientists need to monitor carbon storage and possible
temperature increases in
oceans at depths greater
than 2 kilometers in addition to adding biogeochemical sensing capacity.
The ongoing La Niña pattern, where there are colder
than normal sea surface
temperatures in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific
Ocean, favors these types of conditions.
Coral bleaching is the most immediate threat to reefs from climate change; it's caused when
ocean temperatures become warmer
than normal maximum summer
temperatures, and can lead to widespread coral death.
Higher sea surface
temperatures led to a huge patch of warm water, dubbed «The Blob,» that appeared in the northern Pacific
Ocean more
than two years ago.
They include higher sea surface
temperatures over the Indian
Ocean, which can lead to greater rainfall over the sea rather
than on land.
Using records going back more
than a century to the British Challenger expedition, researchers calculate that the deep
ocean is experiencing its own
temperature rise.
Studies of historical records in India suggest that reduced monsoon rainfall in central India has occurred when the sea surface
temperatures in specific regions of the Pacific
Ocean were warmer
than normal.
«Both the physical
ocean and the life within it are shifting much more rapidly
than our models predicted for the Arctic,» Alter notes, adding that
temperatures there are rising twice as fast as everywhere else on the planet.
Places where the Pacific was cooler
than normal are blue, places where
temperatures were average are white, and places where the
ocean was warmer
than normal are red.
Further north, milder -
than - typical winter
temperatures have been linked to subtle changes in
ocean currents.
As of March 2013, surface waters of the tropical north Atlantic
Ocean remained warmer
than average, while Pacific
Ocean temperatures declined from a peak in late fall.
Scientists are finding that, in general, larger
ocean organisms such as fishes have less tolerance for
temperature change
than the microorganisms they consume, such as phytoplankton.
With mountain ranges and
ocean basins similar to Earth's, the
temperature was 12 degrees warmer
than with Venus's topography.
«This program has probably contributed more oceanographic
temperature and salinity profiles from remote reaches of the Southern
Ocean than ever before,» Fedak says.
As of Feb. 14, 2016, the latest
ocean computer model shows colder -
than - average water
temperatures off the South American coast from Ecuador to Panama.
The visualization shows how the 1997 event started from colder -
than - average sea surface
temperatures — but the 2015 event started with warmer -
than - average
temperatures not only in the Pacific but also in in the Atlantic and Indian
Oceans.
A new NASA visualization shows the 2015 El Niño unfolding in the Pacific
Ocean, as sea surface
temperatures create different patterns
than seen in the 1997 - 1998 El Niño.
Their findings, based on output from four global climate models of varying
ocean and atmospheric resolution, indicate that
ocean temperature in the U.S. Northeast Shelf is projected to warm twice as fast as previously projected and almost three times faster
than the global average.
«When we included projected Antarctic wind shifts in a detailed global
ocean model, we found water up to 4 °C warmer
than current
temperatures rose up to meet the base of the Antarctic ice shelves,» said lead author Dr Paul Spence from the ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science (ARCCSS).
Meanwhile, on the cut - off high's eastern side, winds heading south drove cold air from the Arctic
Ocean toward Greenland's southern tip, bringing the lower
than usual
temperatures there.
Can withstand pressures six times greater
than those at the bottom of the
ocean and endure
temperatures ranging from more
than 100 °C down to absolute zero.
Among the implications of the study are that
ocean temperatures in this area may be more sensitive to changes in greenhouse gas levels
than previously thought and that scientists should be factoring entrainment into their models for predicting future climate change.
Worse, climate models predict that the areas where marine preserves are most prevalent — coastal regions in the northern hemisphere — will see greater increases in
temperature than the
oceans as a whole, Halpin said.
The
ocean absorbs most of the extra heat trapped by greenhouse gases — more
than 80 percent — with
temperatures rising up to 3,000 meters below the surface.
Water changes
temperature more slowly
than the air or land, which means the global
ocean heat is likely to persist for some time.
Sea surface
temperatures in the Pacific
Ocean are warmer
than normal — El Niño conditions — which suppress rainfall in the eastern Amazon.
It also follows on the heels of earlier studies this year indicating that parts of Greenland and Antarctica may be far more vulnerable to warming
ocean temperatures than previously believed.
The researchers reached that conclusion by capturing more
than two dozen polar bears, implanting
temperature loggers and tracking their subsequent movements on shore and on ice in the Arctic
Ocean's Beaufort Sea, north of Alaska and Canada, during 2008 - 2010.
Compared to seasonal norms, the coldest place in Earth's atmosphere in May was over the northern Pacific
Ocean, where
temperatures were as much as 2.08 C (about 3.74 degrees Fahrenheit) cooler
than seasonal norms.
And
ocean acidity levels vary even more
than temperature in both location and time.
Johnson hypothesizes that warmer
ocean temperatures in 2012 and 2013, which were 1.3 °C higher
than the previous decade's average, allowed the crabs to move north.
The CPC officially considers it an event when the sea surface
temperatures in a key region of the
ocean reach at least 0.5 °C, or about 1 °F, warmer
than average.
El Niño is characterized by a large area of warmer -
than - average
ocean surface
temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific.
Winds over the Atlantic
Ocean also appear to modulate global surface
temperatures, albeit to a lesser extent
than those over the Pacific
Ocean.