Sentences with phrase «than the electrons in»

Dubbing these pseudo-relativistic particles «massless Dirac fermions,» the researchers also proved that they travel far faster than electrons in other semiconductors.

The neutrons interact with the nuclei rather than the electrons in the skull, as X-rays do, and thus have different elemental sensitivity.

Not exact matches

By this he means an energy project that could produce electrons for the grid in mass quantity, as opposed to something clever that barely generates more energy than you put in to build it.

«The site has grown from one building to a fully integrated research, development, prototyping and educational complex spanning 1.3 million square feet and boasting more than $ 20 billion in high - tech investments and over 300 corporate partners on site,» including IBM, Intel, GlobalFoundries, Samsung, TSMC, Toshiba, Applied Materials, Tokyo Electron, ASML and Lam Research.

In September, Applied Materials, a California maker of semiconductor manufacturing equipment, agreed to acquire its rival, Tokyo Electron, in a deal valued at more than $ 9 billioIn September, Applied Materials, a California maker of semiconductor manufacturing equipment, agreed to acquire its rival, Tokyo Electron, in a deal valued at more than $ 9 billioin a deal valued at more than $ 9 billion.

if you want hydrogen 1 proton, 1 neutron, 1 electron and you have 1 atom of hydrogen; the hard part is it would cost us more energy than we can afford at this point in our technological stage to accomplish such a feat.

Likewise, the ratio of electrons to protons can not vary by more than 1 part in 10 to the 37th power or else electromagnetic interactions would prevent chemical reactions.

Likewise, the ratio of electrons to protons can not vary by more than 1 part in 1037 or else electromagnetic interactions would prevent chemical reactions.

«From the stuff of the stars to the stuff of ourselves, From gyrating electrons to the genes in our cells, The truth is a beauty and should gain recognition, It's more mind than machine, less cog than cognition.»

In July, the physicists of the LHC experiments announced that whilst the Higgs boson had not yet been discovered, they were specifying tighter limits upon what its mass could be - which is about 300,000 times less than that of the electron!

Einstein wrote in 1920: «According to our present conceptions the elementary particles (that is, electrons and protons) are nothing else than condensations of the electromagnetic field....

Popper gives a quotation from R. A. Millikan (1932) in which this physicist says that nothing more beautifully simplifying has ever happened in the history of science than the whole series of discoveries culminating about 1914, which finally brought about practically universal acceptance of the theory that the material world contains but two fundamental entities, namely, positive and negative electrons.

In this sense an atom is more complex than an electron, a molecule more complex than an atom, and a living cell more complex than the highest chemical nuclei of which it is composed, the difference depending (on this I insist) not only on the number and diversity of the elements included in each case, but at least as much on the number and correlative variety of the links formed between these elementIn this sense an atom is more complex than an electron, a molecule more complex than an atom, and a living cell more complex than the highest chemical nuclei of which it is composed, the difference depending (on this I insist) not only on the number and diversity of the elements included in each case, but at least as much on the number and correlative variety of the links formed between these elementin each case, but at least as much on the number and correlative variety of the links formed between these elements.

At one point Leclerc suggests that compounds only come about when the acting is fully reciprocal (NPE 311), but there may well be more reciprocity among persons in an intensive communal experience than between the components of some compound, e.g., between some neutron in the interior of the nucleus of an atom and one of its electrons.

The next milestone in the commissioning of CEBAF at 12 GeV is the delivery of a 5.5 - pass electron beam with an energy greater than 10 GeV to the Hall D Tagger Facility.

A team led by Stuart Licht at the Technion - Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa has come up with a new cathode made from unusual iron - based molecules — iron (VI), or «super-iron,» compounds — that absorb more electrons than manganese dioxide.

After all, particle accelerator searches over the last two decades had narrowed the range of possible masses for the Higgs; if it existed at all, it had to weigh in at between 114 billion and 143 billion electron volts or GeV (1 GeV is slightly more than the mass of a hydrogen atom).

In mid 1991 he produced a film in which the electrons were unusually mobileabout 43 percent more mobile than anything previously seen in the semiconductoIn mid 1991 he produced a film in which the electrons were unusually mobileabout 43 percent more mobile than anything previously seen in the semiconductoin which the electrons were unusually mobileabout 43 percent more mobile than anything previously seen in the semiconductoin the semiconductor.

In contrast, electrons that did cross into adjacent layers took more than 10 times longer to return to their ground energy state.

They accepted the notion that the entire observable universe — 100 billion galaxies, each stuffed with 100 billion stars, stretching out more than 10 billion light - years in all directions — was once squashed into a space far smaller than a single electron.

The scientists, an international team from the University of Bath, France, Germany, Holland, and the USA, deliberately introduced defects in titanium dioxide to form high concentrations of microscopic holes, and showed these can be reversibly occupied by magnesium and aluminium; which carry more than one electron per ion.

Although more costly than silicon, the material has become central to wireless communications chips in everything from cellphones to satellites, thanks to its high electron mobility, which lets it work at higher frequencies.

«If more neighbours than a single methyl group are present, even more electrons can be sucked in.»

The sun's core should produce electron neutrinos in a range of energies, but detectors see fewer high - energy ones than predicted.

In multivalent batteries, lithium would be replaced by a different metal that transfers more than one electron per ion.

In fact, the force exerted on the electrons is considerably larger than that occurring around a typical astrophysical black hole of ten solar masses.

Electrons whiz around the heavier lead nucleus at 60 per cent the speed of light, much faster than in lighter tin.

For a monopole with twice the minimum charge, Rajantie and Gould determined that magnetic monopoles must be more massive than about 10 billion electron volts, going by data from collisions of lead nuclei in the Super Proton Synchrotron, a smaller accelerator at CERN.

Muons, electrons» heftier cousins, rain down through the Earth's atmosphere in numbers higher than physicists expect.

The exchange lists more than 1000 experts in techniques including sequencing, electron microscopy and mass spectrometry.

The transfer of electrons during a chemical reaction in lead - acid car batteries produces a potential of more than 2 volts.

Electron motions, says Sachdev, «look more like the spread of molasses than pointlike objects traveling in a straight line.»

Laricchia speculates that the electron might play a dominant role in each positronium scattering by getting closer to a gas particle, on average, than the positron does.

In fact, Andrei says, the researchers saw the effect at higher temperatures and lower magnetic fields than are needed to see it in semiconductors, suggesting that the electrons in graphene interact especially stronglIn fact, Andrei says, the researchers saw the effect at higher temperatures and lower magnetic fields than are needed to see it in semiconductors, suggesting that the electrons in graphene interact especially stronglin semiconductors, suggesting that the electrons in graphene interact especially stronglin graphene interact especially strongly.

When the researchers switched the electric current off by deoxygenating the water, thereby removing the electron acceptor at the sediment surface, the depth of the hydrogen sulfide layer in the sediment rose in less than an hour, as deeper microbes could no longer consume it.

In the sea of graphene (over an iridium crystal), electrons» spin - orbit interaction is much lower than that created by intercalating a Pb island.

This material, in which carbon substitutes for some of the lattice oxygen atoms, absorbs light at wavelengths below 535 nanometers and has a lower band - gap energy than rutile (2.32 versus 3.00 electron volts).

Others, however, think the chemical change can be explained in a more conventional picture, in which the electrons hop from atom to atom on the DNA rather than tunneling down the helix in one step.

Electrons zipping through a thin layer of strontium titanate interact and form pairs at higher temperatures than expected, researchers report in the May 14 Nature.

Still, data from the two main Tevatron detectors suggest that there are more particle «events» in the 115 billion to 135 billion electron volt range than one would expect if the Higgs did not exist, Fermilab scientists reported at an in - house seminar.

Spin transfer torque is the transfer of the spin angular momentum from conduction electrons to the magnetization of a ferromagnet and enables the manipulation of nanomagnets with spin currents rather than magnetic fields,» explained Gyung - Min Choi, who recently completed his PhD in materials science and engineering at Illinois.

The results could only mean that the hot electrons produced in the tin - based solar cells took about a thousand times longer than usual to dissipate their excess energy.

This huge machine, more than five miles in diameter, is capable of blasting protons together with a colossal energy of 14 trillion electron volts; it will be able to probe distances 1/10, 000 the size of a proton, perhaps creating a zoo of exotic particles not seen since the Big Bang.

Over the past few years, balloon and satellite cosmic - ray experiments have found high - energy electrons and their positively charged counterparts, positrons, in concentrations much higher than they would expect to see from the sun and other known sources of cosmic rays within our galaxy.

Excited electrons in semiconducting silicon are tracked on a time scale faster than the lattice vibrations.

Despite existing in a solid and being surrounded by atoms, these electrons can sometimes behave just like free electrons, albeit with an «effective mass» that may be different than the free electron mass.

A light - activated compass at the back of some birds» eyes may preserve electrons in delicate quantum states for longer than the best artificial systems.

This results in defects in the lattice structure: some few carbon atoms — fewer than 1 % — separate from the lattice and are replaced with nitrogen atoms, which bring along additional electrons.

Researchers using the BaBar Detector at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center in California have spent the past four years smashing together electrons and their antimatter counterparts — positrons — to explore one of the greatest mysteries in the universe: Why is everything made from matter, rather than antimatter?

In a series of ever - more - sensitive experiments over the past 30 years, researchers have established that if the shape of the electron has any distortion at all, the bulge must be smaller than 1 thousand trillion trillionths of a millimeter (10 - 27 mm).