David Pimentel, a professor of ecology at Cornell University who has been studying grain alcohol for 20 years, and Tad Patzek, an engineering professor at the University of California, Berkeley, co-wrote a recent report that estimates that making ethanol from corn requires 29 percent more fossil energy
than the ethanol fuel itself actually contains.
• Ethanol production using wood biomass required 57 % more fossil energy
than the ethanol fuel produced.
• Ethanol production using switchgrass required 50 % more fossil energy
than the ethanol fuel produced.
Not exact matches
And Brazil, arguably the world leader in making
ethanol from crops, has been turning sugar cane into
fuel for nearly three decades — a process that is 30 % cheaper
than corn - based production in the U.S.
According to our analysis, this would generate more
than enough electricity to power the biorefinery, so surplus power could be sold back to the grid, displacing electricity produced from fossil
fuels — a practice already used in some plants in Brazil to produce
ethanol from sugarcane.
From the start, the
ethanol industry has been dogged by concerns about its net energy balance — whether
ethanol requires more fossil
fuel to make
than it replaces.
The researchers, who found that
ethanol requires 29 percent more fossil energy
than it provides, question the morality of using grain to
fuel cars in the face of world hunger.
While
ethanol currently makes up less
than 4 percent of the motor
fuel used nationally, the corn used in
ethanol production constitutes 14 percent of the domestic crop.
«In terms of consumer ownership and use costs, the case to make a switch from current
fuels to compressed natural gas (CNG) is much more compelling
than for other alternative
fuels like
ethanol and electricity.»
Currently more
than 40 per cent of the US corn crop goes into producing
ethanol, which is mostly mixed with gasoline to
fuel conventional cars.
Since then, corn
ethanol production has more
than doubled to about 36.5 million gallons per day — meaning
ethanol already is nearly 10 percent of U.S.
fuel supply.
Fueling the automobile fleet primarily with
ethanol rather
than gasoline might increase air pollution, a new study finds
Studies have shown that using
fuels composed of more
than 85 percent
ethanol reduce a variety of air pollutants.
That's because fermenting corn into
ethanol delivers less liquid
fuel energy for internal combustion engines
than does burning the kernels to generate power for electric motors.
But experts at a major scientific meeting today described how
ethanol blends used as
fuel in the race cars of the Indianapolis 500 actually make those emissions cleaner
than cars on the street.
In setting state rules for low - carbon
fuels, California officials have calculated that corn
ethanol is worse
than gasoline.
Biobutanol advocates, including DuPont, say the
fuel could work better in automobiles
than the better - known
ethanol and will be easier to transport.
«The blend - stock can be mixed into gasoline at higher concentrations
than ethanol's current limit of 10 percent; plus it can be added to diesel and jet
fuel.
We're learning now that not all
ethanol is the same and that there may be better uses for corn
than fueling cars.
The company can produce more
than 100 gallons of
fuel per ton based on lab experiments because bacteria make more
ethanol: «We aren't producing butanol, propanol, hexanol, octanol, and all the other alcohols,» Bolsen says.
As attorney general, Pruitt in 2013 filed a friend of the court brief with the U.S. Supreme Court in which he argued the EPA ignored the risks that gasoline with more
than 10 percent
ethanol can pose to cars»
fuel systems as well as the RFS requirement's possible effect on food prices.
And by the way, adding a copper - coated ruthenium catalyst can also convert the HMF to DMF (2,5 - dimethylfuran), a
fuel that provides more energy
than ethanol.
That method could make a difference in cellulosic biofuel plants, which produce
ethanol from waste products — corn husks and cobs — rather
than edible kernels, a major advance in addressing the tradeoff of using agricultural land to grow corn for
fuel rather
than for food.
That was the knock on
ethanol: that it took more energy to create
than it produced as
fuel.
The real reason for the existence of
ethanol fuel is that it is somewhat easier to produce
ethanol from agricultural products
than it is to produce biogasoline.
According to a book Vehicular Air Pollution I found from Google Books,
ethanol fuel actually has some emissions worse
than gasoline:
ethanol emits more aldehydes.
Ethanol proponents claim that ethanol will deliver equal or better gas mileage than gasoline, when ethanol is used to fuel an engine optimized to take advantage of ethanol's superior combustion character
Ethanol proponents claim that
ethanol will deliver equal or better gas mileage than gasoline, when ethanol is used to fuel an engine optimized to take advantage of ethanol's superior combustion character
ethanol will deliver equal or better gas mileage
than gasoline, when
ethanol is used to fuel an engine optimized to take advantage of ethanol's superior combustion character
ethanol is used to
fuel an engine optimized to take advantage of
ethanol's superior combustion character
ethanol's superior combustion characteristics.
ENGINE 5.3 L FLEXFUEL ECOTEC3 V8 WITH ACTIVE
FUEL MANAGEMENT DIRECT INJECTION AND VARIABLE VALVE TIMING includes aluminum block construction with Flex Fuel capability capable of running on unleaded or up to 85 % ethanol (355 hp [265 kW] @ 5600 rpm 383 lb - ft of torque [518 Nm] @ 4100 rpm; more than 300 lb - ft of torque from 2000 to 5600 rpm)(
FUEL MANAGEMENT DIRECT INJECTION AND VARIABLE VALVE TIMING includes aluminum block construction with Flex
Fuel capability capable of running on unleaded or up to 85 % ethanol (355 hp [265 kW] @ 5600 rpm 383 lb - ft of torque [518 Nm] @ 4100 rpm; more than 300 lb - ft of torque from 2000 to 5600 rpm)(
Fuel capability capable of running on unleaded or up to 85 %
ethanol (355 hp [265 kW] @ 5600 rpm 383 lb - ft of torque [518 Nm] @ 4100 rpm; more
than 300 lb - ft of torque from 2000 to 5600 rpm)(STD)
PREMIUM FEATURES ON THIS CHEVY TAHOE INCLUDE: SUN, ENTERTAINMENT AND DESTINATIONS PACKAGE includes additional 9 months of XM Radio and XM NavTraffic service, (DD8) inside rearview auto - dimming mirror, (CF5) power sunroof, (UUK) AM / FM stereo with MP3 compatible CD / DVD player and DVD - based navigation, (UVC) rearview camera system and (U42) rear seat DVD entertainment system, ENTERTAINMENT SYSTEM, REAR SEAT DVD PLAYER with remote control, overhead display, 2 sets of 2 - channel wireless infrared headphones and auxiliary audio / video input jacks, WHEELS, 4 - 20 X 8.5 (50.8 CM X 21.6 CM) CHROME, AUDIO SYSTEM WITH NAVIGATION, AM / FM STEREO WITH MP3 COMPATIBLE CD / DVD PLAYER and DVD - based navigation, seek - and - scan, digital clock, autotone control, Radio data System, (RDS) speed - compensated volume, TheftLock, voice recognition and USB port, TRANSMISSION, 6 - SPEED AUTOMATIC, ELECTRONICALLY CONTROLLED with overdrive and tow / haul mode (STD), ENGINE, VORTEC 5.3 L V8 SFI FLEXFUEL with Active
Fuel Management, capable of running on unleaded or up to 85 %
ethanol (with gas - 320 hp [238.6 kW] @ 5400 rpm, 335 lb - ft of torque [452.2 N - m] @ 4000 rpm, with E85
ethanol - 326 hp [243.1 kW] @ 5300 rpm, 348 lb - ft of torque [469.8 N - m] @ 4400 rpm), iron block (STD) AutoCheck One Owner THIS TAHOE PROVIDES EXCEPTIONAL VALUE: Rear Seat Audio Controls CHEVROLET TAHOE: BEST IN CLASS: Side By Side Competitive Advantages: More 2nd and 3rd Row Legroom
than Sequoia.
GM has been a big proponent of flex
fuels, meaning E85 (85 %
ethanol, 15 % gasoline) that gets worse mileage
than regular gasoline but does win GM a EPA efficiency credit and is much beloved by America's corn farmers and others who like that the feedstock for E85 is domestic.
OPTION PACKAGES ENGINE, 5.3 L FLEXFUEL ECOTEC3 V8 WITH ACTIVE
FUEL MANAGEMENT, DIRECT INJECTION AND VARIABLE VALVE TIMING: includes aluminum block construction with Flex Fuel capability, capable of running on unleaded or up to 85 ethanol (355 hp [265 kW] @ 5600 rpm, 383 lb - ft of torque [518 Nm] @ 4100 rpm more than 300 lb - ft of torque from 2000 to 5600 rpm), TRAILERING PACKAGE includes trailer hitch, 7 - pin and 4 - pin connectors (Includes (G80) locking rear differenti
FUEL MANAGEMENT, DIRECT INJECTION AND VARIABLE VALVE TIMING: includes aluminum block construction with Flex
Fuel capability, capable of running on unleaded or up to 85 ethanol (355 hp [265 kW] @ 5600 rpm, 383 lb - ft of torque [518 Nm] @ 4100 rpm more than 300 lb - ft of torque from 2000 to 5600 rpm), TRAILERING PACKAGE includes trailer hitch, 7 - pin and 4 - pin connectors (Includes (G80) locking rear differenti
Fuel capability, capable of running on unleaded or up to 85
ethanol (355 hp [265 kW] @ 5600 rpm, 383 lb - ft of torque [518 Nm] @ 4100 rpm more
than 300 lb - ft of torque from 2000 to 5600 rpm), TRAILERING PACKAGE includes trailer hitch, 7 - pin and 4 - pin connectors (Includes (G80) locking rear differential.)
The Switzer E900 Nissan GT - R runing on E85 is «greeer»
than the petrol burning versions and the engine that features a new
fuel system to handle
ethanol had to receive larger injectors.
The
fuel, which supposedly produces less volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions
than regular diesel
fuel or
ethanol, is being produced by RenTech in Rialto, California.
«Since 2000, global wind energy generation has more
than tripled; solar cell production has risen six-fold; production of
fuel ethanol from crops have more
than doubled; and biodiesel production has expanded nearly four-fold.
Al Darzins, a contributor to the report and group manager with the National Bioenergy Center at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, stressed in an interview that algae is far less developed, technologically,
than biodiesel
fuel or corn
ethanol.
When energy consumers, like Japan's gov» t, decide that it's better to spend a bit more money on limitless and safe
ethanol, solar, wind, water, or geothermal power
than on limited and dangerous fossil
fuels, then the energy industry will change because it must.
The analysis found that 9 of the systems in the study — including two cellulosic
ethanol systems (with and without CCS) have greenhouse gas index (GHGI) numbers of less
than 0.20, and represent low - carbon transportation
fuel options.
But the
ethanol boosters are ignoring some unpleasant facts: Ethanol won't significantly reduce our oil imports; adding more ethanol to our gas tanks adds further complexity to our motor - fuel supply chain, which will lead to further price hikes at the pump; and, most important (and most astonishing), it may take more energy to produce a gallon of ethanol than it actually co
ethanol boosters are ignoring some unpleasant facts:
Ethanol won't significantly reduce our oil imports; adding more ethanol to our gas tanks adds further complexity to our motor - fuel supply chain, which will lead to further price hikes at the pump; and, most important (and most astonishing), it may take more energy to produce a gallon of ethanol than it actually co
Ethanol won't significantly reduce our oil imports; adding more
ethanol to our gas tanks adds further complexity to our motor - fuel supply chain, which will lead to further price hikes at the pump; and, most important (and most astonishing), it may take more energy to produce a gallon of ethanol than it actually co
ethanol to our gas tanks adds further complexity to our motor -
fuel supply chain, which will lead to further price hikes at the pump; and, most important (and most astonishing), it may take more energy to produce a gallon of
ethanol than it actually co
ethanol than it actually contains.
Study finds co-producing FT
fuels and electricity from coal and biomass with CCS delivers low GHG synfuels at lower cost and with less biomass
than cellulosic
ethanol
Projects must demonstrate economically competitive yields and lower GHG potential
than Low Carbon
Fuel Standard (LCFS) pathways for corn
ethanol or soy biodiesel.
It can be a lot more productive to produce mixed
fuels like Acetone, Butanol and
Ethanol in a process
than trying to produce a single highly pure
fuel.
More
than hydrogen
fuel cells (perpetually 10 to 15 years off) and cellulosic
ethanol (ditto), electric cars represent a promising near - term solution to America's oil addiction.
• Since 2007, the RFS, which requires
fuel retailers to blend corn
ethanol into the gasoline they sell, has saddled American motorists with more
than $ 10 billion per year in extra
fuel costs above what they would have paid if they had purchased gasoline alone.
Mandates and subsidies for fossil -
fuel intensive biofuels such as corn - derived
ethanol are so large that eliminating or reducing them would almost certainly do more
than a carbon tax to curb these
fuels» artificial price advantage.
It cited «plausible scenarios in which GHG [greenhouse gas] emissions from corn - grain
ethanol are much higher
than those of petroleum - based
fuels,» and questioned the method by which EPA determined that
ethanol would produce 21 percent less emissions.
From 2007 to 2013, corn
ethanol interests spent $ 158 million lobbying for more mandates and subsidies — and $ 6 million in campaign contributions — for a
fuel that reduces mileage, damages engines, requires enormous amounts of land, water and fertilizer, and from stalk to tailpipe emits more carbon dioxide
than gasoline.
Coal - powered
ethanol refineries can lead to higher greenhouse gas emissions
than the fossil
fuel ethanol is intended to replace.
The combination of plug - in hybrids and bio-deisel (a much more energy - efficient
fuel to make
than ethanol) could significantly reduce developed world demand for oil for passenger transport.
The search for new strategies generally falls in two camps: ways to use organic stuff other
than corn to make
ethanol, and ways to manipulate organisms to produce a different
fuel identical to gasoline or diesel.
Natural gas is a much lower CO2
fuel than ethanol, but it is a mistake to make cars powered solely with natural gas.